2018年自学《英语词汇学》试题

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2018年10月高等教育自学考试《英语词汇学》试题

2018年10月高等教育自学考试《英语词汇学》试题2018年10月高等教育自学考试《英语词汇学》试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. One point is given to each correct choice. (1% X 30 = 30% )1. Which of the following can NOT be defined as a word?A. manB. forC. mentD. blackmail2. The differences between sound and form are NOT due toA. innovations made by linguistsB. stabilization of spelling by printingC. influence of the work of scribesD. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English3. Words may fall into native words and borrowed words byA. notionB. originC. functionD. use frequency4. means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.A. BorrowingB. CreationC. Semantic changeD. Loaning5. The language used between 1150 and 1500 is calledEnglish.A. OldB. MiddleC. ContemporaryD. Modern6. In Middle English vocabulary, we can find words relating to every aspect of human society, e.g. government, law, food, fashion and so on. Which of the following words does NOT belong to them?A. wechatB. baconC. judgeD. power7. Structurally, many words can be separated into even smaller meaningful units. For example, denaturalization can be broken down intoA. de-, natura-, lize-, ationB. dena-, ture, al-, lize, ationC. de-, nature, al, ize, ationD. de-, natu, real, ize, ation8. The morpheme of plurality/-s/is pronounced as/s/in cats,/z/in bags, and/iz/in matches. This example showsA. morphemes are abstract unitsB. allomorphs are phonetically conditioned and thus predictableC. morphs are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaningD. monomorphemic words coincide with words and function freely in a sentence9. Which of the following words is the example of free morphemes?A. menB. teethC. workerD. anger10. The following words have prefixes of time or order EXCEPTA. bilingualB. ex-studentC. foretellD. post-election11..4 green hand is an "inexperienced person", not a hand that is green in color. This exampleshows that compounds are different from free phrases in feature.A. phoneticB. semanticC. grammaticalD. lexical12. Omnibus has given way to its shortened form bus. This is the example of in word formation.A. acronymyB. clippingC. compoundingD. conversion13. , which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. MotivationC. SenseD. Concept14. The following words are onomatopoetically motivated EXCEPTA. blowB. quackC. miaowD. hiss15. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their origins. In this sense, words havemotivation.A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. semanticD. etymological16. From a synchronic point of view, the basic meaning of a word is theA. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaning17. Which of the following is NOT the derived meaning of the word face?A. The front of the head.B. Outward aspect.C. A surface of a thing.D. The expression of the countenance.18. Which of the following pairs are absolute synonyms?A. large/tremendousB. stagger/reelC. alter/varyD. scarlet-fever/scarlatina19. The process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized is of word-meaning.A. transferB. elevationC. narrowingD. extension20. reason is reflected in the meaning change of the word computer, from "a person who computes" to "electronic machine".A. ClassB. HistoricalC. ScientificD. Psychological21. Which of the following is the internal factor within the language system that causes changes in word-meaning?A. AnalogyB. ContrastC. Historical reasonD. Psychological need22. As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used inA. contextB. textsC. conversationD. writing23. That the word do means differently in "do a city", "do a sum" and "do the flowers" shows that context affects the meaning of words.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. semantic24. Which of the following is NOT the role of context?A. Elimination of ambiguity.B. Indication of referents.C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D. Simplification of meaning.25. Which of the following is a true idiom?A. make friends withB. break silenceC. in the rawD. turn over a new leaf26. Among the following idioms," "is an idiom adverbial in nature.A. flesh and bloodB. up in the airC. as poor as a church mouseD. tooth and nail27. All of the following are stylistic features EXCEPTA. colloquialismsB. slangC. literary expressionsD. rhymes28. In the headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the same language.A. monolingual dictionariesB. bilingual dictionariesC. linguistic dictionariesD. encyclopedia dictionaries29. Usage notes and language notes in a dictionary explain the following EXCEPTA. important British and American differencesB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. information concerning the origins of wordsD. the slight differences between words of similar meanings30. The following are some unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPTA. definitionB. extra columnC. usage examplesD. clear grammarII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (1.5% × 10 = 15%)31. It is generally agreed that the written form of a natural language is the written record of theform.32. After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came and dominated the British Isles. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as English.33. Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are morphemes.34. Comic means "of comedy", while comical means "funny". This example shows that both-ic and -ical can be affixed to the same stem, but differ in35. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of relationship with other expressions in the language.36. Words like bear which means both "a large heavy animal" and "to put up with" are called37. The process by which the word wife used to mean"woman" but now means "a married woman" is of word-meaning.38. Linguistic context includes context, where the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs.39. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent , as is shown in the idiom "in a brown study", which cannot be changed into "in a brown hall".40. For beginners, and elementary and lower-intermediate learners, a dictionary is essential as they do not know enough of the target language to understand fully a monolingual dictionary.III. Define the following terms with one or two sentences. (3% × 5 = 15%)41. borrowed words42. stem43. associative meaning44. degradation45. dismembering (of idioms)IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. (5% × 4 = 20%)46. What are the three main sources of new words in Present-day English?47. In what way are the underlined words formed in the following sentences?1) He wolfed down his lunch.2) There is no milk in the fridge.3) The headmaster is an easy-going man.4) You have to show your ID before checking in the hotel.5) I promised to babysit for my neighbor this weekend.48. What are the types of antonyms? Explain the types of antonyms with the following example words: sell/buy, same/different, old/young.49. How are context clues used in the sentence "The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school."?V. Analyze and comment on the following. (10% × 2 = 20%)50. 1) nickname n.→to nickname2) bottle-feeding n.→to bottle-feedUse the above examples to discuss in what way compound verbs are generally formed?51. Illustrate the differences between synonyms by analyzing the following groups of synonyms.1) rich and wealthy2) ask, beg and request3) allow and let。

2018年4月高等教育自学考试《英语词汇学》试题

2018年4月高等教育自学考试《英语词汇学》试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement.1. Which of the following is NOT true about the definition of a word?A. A word is a sound unity.B. A word is a unit of meaning.C. A word is the smallest form of a language.D. A word is a form that can function alone in a sentence.2. Vocabulary can refer to the total number of the words in a language, and it can stand for all the words used , e.g. Old English vocabulary, Middle English vocabulary and Modern English vocabulary.A. in a given bookB. in a given dialectC. by an individual personD. in a particular historical period3. Words like man, fire, sun have been in use for centuries. This shows the basic word stock has the characteristics ofA. productivityB. polysemyC. collocabilityD. stability4. The Indo-European language is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, andA. AsiaB. AfricaC. IndiaD. the Far East5. In Old English period, the introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. It brought many terms such as altar, amen and candle.A. scientificB. religiousC. educationalD. aesthetic6. Martial arts from the Far East find their way into English vocabulary such as aikido, kungfu and black belt. These are just a few new words, but they will suffice to showA. the invasion of foreign countriesB. social, economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. the, rapid development of modern science and technology7. Monomorphemic words are realized by single morphs such asA. bossB. catsC. feetD. trying8. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function areA. allomorphsB. affixesC. rootsD. stems9. Which of the following words is NOT a stem?A. internationalB. nationC. nationalD. internationalists10. Which of the following words has a negative prefix?A. amoralB. devalueC. misconductD. antiwar11. The formation of new words by joining two or more stems is calledA. compoundingB. prefixationC. conversionD. blending12. Which of the following words is the result from blending?A. smogB. dormC. quakeD. crybaby13. accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.A. ReferenceB. MotivationC. SenseD. Concept14. Such synonymous pairs as die pass away, quarrel--argue are examples to show thatA. one can talk of the same concept in different languagesB. each pair has the same concept but collocates with different wordsC. every word that has meaning has sense, but not every word has referenceD. each pair has the same concept but different socio-cultural and stylistic values15. Which of the following words is NOT morphologically motivated?A. airmailB. hopelessC. reading-lampD. greenhorn16. Words are arbitrary symbols and independent identities so far as their are concerned.A. spelling and meaningB. pronunciation and useC. spelling and pronunciationD. meaning and collocation17. Which of the following is the primary meaning of the word face?A. A surface of a thing.B. The front of the head.C. The appearance.D. The topography.18. Which of the following deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion?A. Synonymy.B. Antonymy.C. Polysemy.D. Hyponymy.19. Word-meaning changes by modes of the following EXCEPTA. extensionB. expansionC. degradationD. elevation20. Which of the following is NOT the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?A. Class reason.B. Historical reason.C. Political reason.D. Psychological reason.21. Fortuitous formerly denoted "happening by chance" and later on took on the meaning"fortunate". Such change of word-meaning is caused byA. the influx of borrowingsB. psychological factorsC. historical reasonD. analogy22. Without , there is no way to determine the very sense of a word that the speaker intended to convey.A. meaningB. contextC. cluesD. culture23. That the word paper means differently in "a sheet of paper", "a white paper" and "a term paper" shows that context affects the meaning of words.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. semanticD. lexical24. Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the of a new word.A. meaningB. usageC. part of speechD. implication25. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?A. The constituents of idioms can be replaced.B. The word order cannot be inverted or changed.C. Many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.D. The constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to.26. Which of thefollowing is an idiom verbal in nature?A. cut and driedB. fly in the ointmentC. call it a dayD. in clover27. The figure of speech used in the idiom a dark horse isA. simileB. metaphorC. personificationD. synecdoche28. The dictionary where the headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the same language isA. monolingual dictionariesB. bilingual dictionariesC. linguistic dictionariesD. encyclopedic dictionaries29. The main body of a dictionary is its of words.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. definitionD. grammar30. The following are the features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English New Edition (1987) EXCEPTA. usage notesB. language notesC. extra columnD. clear grammar codesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book31. By notion, words can be grouped into content words and words.32. Middle English retained much fewer inflections. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of endings.33. The morphemes which are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word are known as34. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two ubclasses: and suffixation.35. In word meaning, the relationship between language and the word is , by means of which, a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about.36. Words like bank meaning both the edge of the river and an establishment for money business are called37. Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and38. Linguistic context include context, where the meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighbouring words.39. The semantic of idioms is reflected in the illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom, as is shown in rain cats and dogs, which means "rain heavily".40. If one wants to know whether a pair or mathematics takes a singular or plural verb, a dictionary is likely to supply the best answer.III. Define the following terms.41. terminology42. morpheme43. conceptual meaning44. elevation45. true idiomsIV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Through which three channels does modem English vocabulary develop?47. Turn the phrasal verbs below into noun compounds:1) fall down2) sit in3) cry out4) hang over5) bring up48. Tell the difference between superordiates and subordinates, with the example wordsfiower, lion, hammer, tool, animal and rose.49. Explain how context clues are used in the sentence "In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou 'westers, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through."V. Analyze and comment on the following.50. Explain the difference between full conversion and partial conversion by taking "valuables" and "the young" as examples.51. Illustrate the differences between synonyms by analyzing the following groups of synonyms.(a) understand and comprehend(b) answer and respond(c) allow and let。

历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案

历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（）A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（）A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（）A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（）A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（）A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（）A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially_______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（）A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.（）A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?（）A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.（）A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.（）A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.（）A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.（）A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?（）A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________./doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context. Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（）B.grammatical23.extension（）C.double meaning24.narrowing（）D.Swedish25.linguistic（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html prehend/understand26.ambiguity（）F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly 50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.答案4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.(30%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversativ38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5thcentury by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18%)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist （nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）4月份全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案英语（本科）专业第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in whicha word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types ofmeaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/。

(完整版)英语词汇学试题

英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ______,etymology, stylistics,________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I. 1. A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CII.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20.vocabularyIII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIV.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be groupedinto the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from thedead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to theItalic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danishand Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and manyof those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _____language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words2)history off English development 3) language family.A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old English ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch ( ) F. skirt27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII.16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III.21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV.31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root40.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1)The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2)Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3)The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration, carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English V ocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)() C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc) （） D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes（）Ｅviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6.C7.B8.D9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonic33.Front and back clipping, influenza34.Phrase clipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning inparticular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10._______is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding12. _________ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that _______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different words15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specific countryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of themorphemes combined.18._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.19.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the history of the wordexplains the meaning of the word.20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )V.Define the following terms .41. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45. affective meaningVI.Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.46. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VII.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:I. 1. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CII.16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaningIII.21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIV.31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation33. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation35. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning37. Affective meaning 38. pejorative39. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VIII.49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, whichmake them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Wordsthat have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words,it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondarymeanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in aconversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning .The first meaning is called ______.。

00832自考英语词汇学自考试卷（答案全面）

00832⾃考英语词汇学⾃考试卷（答案全⾯）⾃考综合测验英语词汇学试卷（课程代码 00832 ）⼀、选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.You are to make the best choice and write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the blank. （1%×30=30%） 1.Which of the following CANNOT be defined as a word? ____A. forB. fortuneC. ibleD. misfortune2.Words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use are____ . A. slangB. argotC. neologismsD. archaisms3. Words like foot or dog can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. footage and dogfight. This shows that the basic word stock has the characteristics of_____ . A. productivity B. polysemy C. collocability D. stability4. After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came and dominated the British Isles. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as ____English.A. oldB. NewC. MiddleD. Modern 5.Which of the following is NOT true?A. English is more closely related to German than French.B. Old English was a highly inflected language.C. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.D. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.6.In the early Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics. This is known in history as ____.A. IndustrializationB. Elizabethan AgeC. RenaissanceD. Victorian Age7.Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as ____.A. stemsB. allomorphsC. free morphemesD. bound morphemes 8.Among the following words, ____ does NOT have inflectional affixes. A. liked B. children's C. Happier D. it's9.The basic form of a word which can't be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a ____ . A. Morph B. allomorph C. root D. stem 10.The following words have number prefixes EXCEPT ____.A. BilingualB. multi-purposeC. tricycleD. post-election 11.The following words are the results from blending EXCEPT ____ . A. Bicycle B. motel C. smog D. hamburger12.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms is called ____.A. PrefixationB. acronymyC. blendingD. conversion13.The ____of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expressions in the language. A. Reference B. concept C. sense D. motivation 14.Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.B. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.C. By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.D. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generallyfound in the dictionary.15.In the phrase "the tongues of fire", the word tongues is ____motivated.A. OnomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically16.Words like dear that means a loved person and deer that means a kind of animal are called ____. A. Synonyms B. homographs C. homophones D. antonyms 17.Which of the following deals with the relationship of semantic opposition? A. Synonymy. B. Antonymy. C. Polysemy. D. Hyponymy.18.Which of the following groups of words shows difference of synonyms in connotation? A. increase-expand B. unlike-dissimilar C. work-toil D. empty-vacant19. The word disease once meant discomfort, but now means illness. This is an example of ____of word-meaning. A. generalization B. degradation C. elevation D. specialization20. The word silly used to mean happy, but now means foolish. This serves as an example of ____of word-meaning. A. Extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation21. The associated transfer of meaning is often due to ____factors, as is shown in such words as angel, martyr and paradise, whose meanings are elevated because of the influence of Christianity. A. Class B. scientific C. historical D. psychological22.Grammatical context refers to the context where the meanings of a word may be influenced by the ____in which it occurs.A. meaning groupB. structureC. conversationD. culture23.That trade union means differently in western countries and in China shows that ____context has some effect on the meaning of words.A. GrammaticalB. lexicalC. linguisticD. extra-linguistic 24. Ambiguity of ten arises due to ___, as is shown in the sentence “He is a hard business”. A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. antonymyD. homonomy25.The idiom Jack of all trades means the same as Jack of all trades and master of none. This example shows idioms may vary by means of ____.A. shorteningB. additionC. replacementD. position-shifting26.The noun phrase pepper and salt in "His hair is pepper and salt" functions as an idiom ____ in nature. A. Nominal B. verbal C. adverbial D. adjectival27. The rhetorical feature of idioms, ____, is used in such idioms as "chop and change", "bag and baggage". A. Rhyme B. alliteration C. reiteration D. juxtaposition28. Dictionaries that are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50,000 to 150,000 are ____. A. unabridged dictionaries B. desk dictionaries C. pocket dictionaries D. specialized dictionaries29.The definitions in ____are all in full sentences and the definition itself throws light on the grammatical use of the word in question.A. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987)B. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, New Edition (1987)C. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980)D. Webster's New World Dictionary, 2rd Collage Edition (1980)30.One can only find the English equivalents for its Chinese items such as 黄梁美梦，吃软不吃硬in ____. A. CCELD B.CEDC.LDCED.NECD 第⼆部分⾮选择题Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words according to the course book. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word on the blank. (1.5%×10=15%)31.A word is a ________ that stands for something else in the world, and there is no logical relationship between the sound and the meaning.32.The introduction of ________into England marked the beginning of Modern English period. 33.The morpheme is the________functioning unit in the composition of words.34.To shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead is called ________. 35.________, which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.36.A ________field is a meaning area where words share the same concept.年级班级准考证号姓名37. Extension of meaning is found in many ________terms, as is shown in the word feedback, which originally is a term in computer science, but now is generalized to mean "response".38. The word paper has a number of meanings in the dictionary, but it means differently in "a white pap er" and "today’s paper". This example shows that ________ context affects the meaning of word.39. Many idioms are grammatically _________, as is shown in the idiom "diamond cut diamond", which is grammatically incorrect.40.The main body of a dictionary is its ________ of words.Ⅲ.Define the following terms in the blank space. (3%×5=15%)41.semantic change42.affixation43.concatenation44. context (in a broad sense)45. sentence idiomsⅣ.Answer the following questions in the blank space. Your answers should be clear and short. (5%×4=20%)46.What is the difference between a free root and a bound root?47.Give the acronyms of the following phrases:1) V oice of America ____2) unidentified flying object ____3) teaching English as a foreign language ____4) Victory Day ____5) tuberculosis ____48.How do you understand the statement "true synonymy is non-existent"?49.Explain how context clues are used in the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Bird Whistell".V.Analyze and comment on the following on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%×2=20%)50. Use the following groups of phrases to illustrate the definition and the overlapping feature of collocative meaning.a) pretty girl, pretty flower, handsome boy, handsome carb) pretty woman, handsome woman51. Comment on the following two groups to illustrate the use of antonyms.(a) give and take, high and low(b) More haste, less speed./Easy come, easy go.答案：。

浙江2021年7月自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自考英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059一、选择填空题(请在下列各句的备选项中挑选一项正确的答案，使句子结构完整，意思正确,并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题2分，共30分)1.( ) are borrowings that have become naturalized or assimilated in English.A. AliensB. Translational loansC. DenizensD. Semantic loans2. Old English is a highly( )language just like modern German.A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected3. Derivational affixes can be further divided into _____and_____.( )A. bound roots, suffixesB. prefixes, suffixesC. bound roots, prefixesD. inflectional affixes, prefixes4.( ) is a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.A. An inflectional affixB. A derivational affixC. A rootD. A stem5. Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more ( ).A. bound rootsB. derivational morphemesC. stemsD. inflectional morphemes6. The word “runaway ”is formed by ( ), meaning “out of control ”.A. acronymyB. compoundingC. blendingD. clipping7. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: ____ or____.( )A. lexical, grammaticalB. appreciative, pejorativeC. associative, conceptualD. stylistic, affective8. ( ) is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.A. PolysemyB. HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy9. “Teacher ”and “student ”are( ).A. relative termsB. contrary termsC. contradictory termsD. superordinates10. The word “voyage ”has changed its meaning from “journey ”to “journey by water ”, the process of which is called( ).A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation11. Meaning change in linguistic aspect is due to ( ).A. psychological needB. the influx of borrowingsC. analogyD. all the above12. In a narrow sense, context refers to ____ context, and in a broad sense, it refers to ____ context.( )A. non—linguistic, extra—linguisticB. linguistic, extra—linguisticC. grammatical, lexicalD. lexical, conceptual13. The stylistic features of idioms include ( ).A. colloquialismB. slangC. literary expressionsD. all the above14. The idiom “play fast and loose ”is ( ) as rhetorical colouring.A. rhymeB. alliterationC. reiterationD. juxtaposition15. Linguistic dictionaries usually cover such areas as ( ).A. meaning and grammatical informationB. usage and etymologyC. spelling and pronunciationD. all the above二、完型填空(请在下面一段文字后的各选项中，挑选一项正确的答案，使短文结构完整，意思正确，并将正确答案的序号填入括号内。

2020年4月浙江自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年4月自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (15%, 1 point for each)1．Which of the following is NOT true? ( )A. Lexicology is theoretical in nature, but very practical, too.B. The study of the current state of the words of one period is synchronic whereas the inquiry of the historical development of words is diachronic.C. A good knowledge of vocabulary guarantees correct use of the language.D. Lexicology and lexicography have a lot in common because both deal with words.2. The Indo-European Language Family accordingly fall into ________ principle groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set. ( )A. eightB. sixC. fiveD. several3. The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of ________ words into the English vocabulary. ( )A. GreekB. FrenchC. DanishD. Latin4. Conversion is a method ( )A．of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speech.B. of converting words of one meaning into different meaning.C. of deriving words through grammatical means.D. of changing words in morphological structure.5. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as ( )A．partial conversion B. full conversionC. functional shiftD. grammatical shift6. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of ( )A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion17. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English.________ of them are still in use today.( )A. 85%B. 56%C. 72%D. 75%8. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called ( )A. full conversionB. partial conversionC. functional shiftD. zero-derivation9. Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ________ the so-called suffixes.( ) A. removing B. combiningC. shorteningD. considering10. The characteristics of LDCE are ( )A. languages notesB. clear grammar codesC. usage notesD. all of the above11. Functional words are ( )A. adverbs, prepositions and conjunctionsB. adjectives, nouns and articlesC. articles, prepositions and conjunctionsD. verbs, pronouns and propositions12. Connotative meaning is unstable, varying considerably according to ( )A. cultureB. historical periodC. the experience of the individualD. all of the above13. Idioms in the course book are used in a ________ sense.( )A. broadB. narrowC. figurativeD. special14．Though still at work today, ________ can hardly compare with what it was in the past.( )A. word-formationB. borrowingC. derivationD. conversion15. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be ( )A. affixationalB. derivational2C. freeD. boundⅡ.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)16. Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.( )17. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.( )18. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.( )19. Open compounds look like free phrases as the elements forming each word are written separately. ( )20. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.( )21. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.( )22. Perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronunciation.( )23. Most homonyms are words that are the same in spelling, but differ in sound and meaning.( )24. Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.( )25. Antonym deals with the relationship of semantic opposition.( )Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with the terms in Column B. (10%, 1 point for each) Example: criticize (degradation)26.( ) 27.( ) 28.( ) 29.( ) 30. ( )331.( ) 32.( ) 33.( ) 34.( ) 35. ( )Ⅳ.Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)36. The surviving languages accordingly fall into ________ principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set and Western Set.37. Words of Old English were ________ of endings.38. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with ________ change in word endings.39. Native element refers to the words of ________ origin.40. ________ are borrowings that have become naturalized or assimilated in English.Ⅴ.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. (10%, 2 points for each) Example: disobey (Affixation)41. postwar ( )42. chunnel ( )43. pop ( )44. UFO ( )45. Watergate ( )Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. (20%, 5 points for each)46. What is reference?47. What is polysemy?48. What is hyponymy?49. What are the types of idioms according to their grammatical functions?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the given sentence(s). Pick out the idiom in the sentence, and point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech. (15%)50. She said that he was as poor as a church mouse.4。

全国4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案解析历年试卷及答案解析

全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the ambiguity of the sente nce ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. V ocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16._________________meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words. Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题参考答案课程代码：00832Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to createnew words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。

全国高等教育自学考试模拟试题《英语词汇学》(共五套).docx

全国高等教育自学考试（一）英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ______ group of letters printed or written horizontallyacross a piece of pape 匸 ( A. smallB. meaningfulC ・ vocalD ・ large 2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including )informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. ( A. TerminologyB ・Jargon C ・ SlangD. Argot3. T'm sure that they will come today ；There are content words in the above sentence.( A. 2 B.3 C.4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( A. Acronym.B. Blending.C ・ Elevation.D ・ Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT _______ ・( )A. kungfu dinner D. Watergate6. In modem times, _____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. (C. fast foodA. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansionD ・creation7. The plural morphme "-s" is realizd by/iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT A. /s/ c. /z/B./g/ D./^/8. The word “idealistic” comprises _____ m orphemes ・( A. 1B.29. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ______ .( )A. happier C. harderB. worker D. taller10. "Washing machine” is a word formed by ____ ・( )A. prefixationC・ conversionll.“TV”isa(n).( ) B. compounding D. blendingA. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix "mis-" in the word "mistrust" is a ______ refix ・()A. negative C. pejorativeB. reversative D. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning^? ()A. Reference・B. Concept.C. Sense・D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away" has the same ______ but different stylistic values. ( )A. referenceB. conceptC・ motivation D. style15. The word u airmaiT" is motivated. ( )A. onomatopocically C. semanticallyB. etymologically D. morphologically16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But __ , all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguistically C. grammaticallyB. semantically D. pragmatically17, ___ , the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning・()A. Onomatopoeically C・ SynchronicallyB. Diachronically D. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their _____________ ( )A. ideologyC・ mythology B. etymology D. methodology19. Vocabulary is the most ______ e lement of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.A.unbalancedB. unstableC・ unhinged D.undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “ _____ 5,and jump means ( )A.janitorB. partnerC・ collector D. observer21 ・ In the sentence "Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now." The word ^rown can be classified into ________ sense of transfe r.( )A.physicalB. objectiveC・ sensational D. subjective22.In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs・ This is called ________ context. ( )A.nonJinguisticB. 1 exicalC・ grammatical D. cultural23.The sentence "He is a hard businessman/5 is ambiguous due to _____ ■( )A.grammatical structureB. lexical contextC・ homonymy D. polysemy24.The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire ______ •( )A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25.Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? ( )A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech・26.In nothing flat as an idiom is _____ i n nature・()A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27・ The idiom "failure is the mother of success" is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned・( )A. simileB. metaphorC・ metonymy D. personification28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook?( )A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary・C. A Chinese-English Dictionary・D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary・29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary ・( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use ____ t o mark the pronunciation. A. British Phonetic Alphabet B. American Phonetic Alphabet C. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions ofaffixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)111. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____ form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _____ language ・43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ______ m orphemes ・ 44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called ______ ・ 45. Though having little lexical meaning, _____ words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____ of the whole set alter;47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ______ . 4& The sentence T like Mary better than Jean." will lead to ______ . 49. The fixity of idioms depends on the ____ ・50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries.A( ) 31 ・ appreciativemeanings ( )32. parent/child ( ) 33. pejorative prefixes ( )34. man/woman( ) 35・ hyperactive/superfreeze ( ) 36. collocative meaning ( ) 37. decompose/unwrap ( ) 38. pejorative meaning ()39.radios/desks( )40.1 ocative prefixes BA. maltreatB. Jap/niggerC. tremble (not quiver) with fearD. famous/determinedE ・ extraordinaiy/telecommunication E prefixes of degree G. inflectional affixes H ・ reversative prefixes L contradictory termsJ. relative termsIV.Define the following terms. (10%)51.borrowed words52・ conversion53.motivation54.narrowing55.replacement of idiomsV.A nswer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are derivational affixes?57.What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point・58.What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty" is very interesting.59.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal・VL Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60.Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[bj The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61.State the roles of context in detemiination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples・高等教育自学考试（二）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I .Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20%, 1 point for each)1. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in ________________ w ords.()A. derivationalB. functionalC. inflectionalD. compound2. It is estimated that English borrowings constitutewere recognized as languages of literary heritage and great scholarship. B. Latin and FrenchC. English and FrenchD. Latin and German4. The word naturalization can be broken down intoA. 60B. 80 C ・50 D ・70A.2B. 3C.4D.55. Words may fall into content words and functional words byA. notion B ・ originC. frequencyD. meaning6. The process of affixation is also known asA. expansionB. inflection C ・conversionD. derivation7. The word dog may have quite different meanings indifferent cultures. (A. denotativeB. affective C ・ lexical D. grammatical8. Idioms are, in general, felt to be stylisticallyA ・ formal B. frozen C ・ informal D ・ neutral 9. The process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use is calledA. degradationB. transferC. elevationD. narrowing10. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the _________________ meaning of a word ・()percent of the modem English vocabulary.()3. During the Renaissance, A. Latin and Greekmorphemes.A. grammaticalB. associativeC. lexicalD. conceptual11. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the ________________ meaning. ()A. grammatical C. lexical12. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes such as -er in employer have a______________ semantic role. ( )A. positiveB. bigC. negativeD. small13. Of the following sentences, it is most appropriate to say: ()A. "a man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' B ・ "a man alters his habits, changes his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' C ・ "a man changes his habits, varies his conduct, and alters his manner of speaking. D. "a man varies his habits, alters his conduct, and changes his manner of speaking.， 14. _____________ antonyms such as present /absent are mutually exclusive ・ ()A. ContraryB. RelativeC. ContradictoryD. Gradable15. The process by which a word of wider meaning acquired a specialized sense is called _________________ ・ ( )A. naiTOwingB. elevationC. extensionD. transfer16. Words created through back formation are mostly __________________ ・ ( )A. nounsB.adjectivesC. adverbsD. verbs17. In a broad sense, idioms in elude but are not limited to the following: ( )A. proverbs, colloquialisms, free phrasesB. colloquialisms, catch phrases, slang expressionsC. regular combinations, catch phrases, slang expressionsD. free phrases, colloquialisms, catch phrases18. The most productive means of conversion takes place _______________ ・ ( )A. from adjectives to nounsB. between nouns and verbsC. from adjectives to verbsD. between adjectives and verbs19. The idiom part and parcel manifests phonetic manipulation/feature of ________________ ・ ( )A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. alliteration20. The main body of a dictionaiy is the ______________ of words. ()B. denotative D. connotativeB. p ronunciationsD. usage notesII eDecide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)21 ・ Compounds, such as silkworm and easy chair, function grammatically as a single word. ()22. It is incorrect in saying that free morphemes are free roots. ()23. As an early language, Celtic made a big contribution to the English vocabulary ・()24. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word ・ ()25. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym ・ ()26. The idiom earn one" s bread involves the metaphorical use of metonymy. () 27. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes serve to change the grammatical function ofthe stem.()2& Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability; they have limited productivity and collocability.()29. Conversion from noun to verb is not as productive as that of adjective to verb ・ ( )30. By form, we mean both its pronunciation and spelling ・ ()III <Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)3 l.In the study of words, it is important to know about the ________________ and growth of the vocabulary.32.Strictly speaking, idioms are not readily understandable from their _________________ meanings of the individual elements ・ 33. While applying rules of word-formation, we should remember that there are always _______________ .34. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, with the help of _______________ 9 it can refer to something specific ・ 35・ Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _______________ ・IV • Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to sense relations. (10%, 2 points for each) AB( ) 36・ expand A. doctor( ) 37. predecessorB. mare( ) 3& sea C. successor() 39・ surgeon D. see( ) 40. ponyE. enlargeV eStudy the given words and decide how each word is formed. (10%5 2 points for each)A. spellings C ・definitions ( )42.bookmark ( )43.orate ( )44.doc ( )45.medicare ( )VI.Answer the following questions* (15%)46.Exemplify, with one example each, the four types of clipping. (4%)47.Illustrate briefly the characteristics of idioms. (5%)4& Exemplify, with two pairs each, the three types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, and relative terms.(6%)VILAnalyze and comment on the given sentence. (15%)49・ On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.全国高等教育自学考试（三）英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30% )1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarilywith human ______ equipment.() A. visual B. vocal C. physicalD. mental2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by _______ ・( )A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves ・( )A. TerminologyB. ArchaismsC. SlangD. Jargon4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( )A. Creation.B. Semantic changes.C. Clipping.D. Borrowing.5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ________ ・( ) dinnerB. earthriseC. moon walkD. space shuttle6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _____________ set.( )A. Western C ・ American7. The plural morpheme is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT B. bags D. bottles & The word "prisoner” comprises B.2 D.49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPTB. African D. NorthernA. beds C. cheatsmorphemes ・( A. 1 C.310. The prefix M over-n in the word "overweight" is a prefix ofA. orientation and attitude B・ degree orsizeC. time and order D・number11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is calledA. back-formationB. acronymyC. conversion12. "Champagne”，a common noun, comes from a D・clipping•(A. name of a person B・ name of a placeC. name of a bookD. tradename13. is the relationship between language and the world. (A. Reference B・ConceptC. Sense D・Motivation14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and itsA. formB. pronunciationC. spelling15. The word “D. meaning” is an onomatopoetically motivated word・(A. miaowB. swordC. laconicD. ainnail16. In modem English, an overwhelming majority of words areA. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodical,the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison・(17.A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoetically18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, is the strongest of all. (A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desire19.There are five types of meaning changes and among which ________ a re the most common・( )A. degradation and elevationB. transfer and extensionC. elevation and narrowingD. extension and narrowing20.Due to ______ r eason, a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed.( )A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in nature21 ・ Among the following words only generalized.()is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has becomeA. journalB. wifeC ・ accidentD ・ disease22. Based on context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum” ・(A. grammatical B ・ lexicalD. non-linguistic23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat.” is ambiguous due to _____C. culturalA. grammatical structureB. hyponymyC. cultural influenceD. non-linguistic context24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell.H The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of・()A. definitionB ・synonymy D. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech?()C. antonymyA. Metaph or.B ・Personification. C. Euphemism.26. Never do things by halves is a (n) D ・Shortening.•( ) C. sentence idiom D. adverbial idiom in nature27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden 11 from the original form isA. replacementB. position-shiftingD ・ shortening 28. The following are the unique features of Collins CO BUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPT C ・ additionA. definitionB. extra columnC. usage examplesD. clear grammar codes29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionaiy (1983) is a (n) ___________ dictionary ・(A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995) ?( A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries. B. The new edition revised some old entries.C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.D. The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.II • Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10% )A B()31・ honeybee A. difference in application()32・ handy/manual B・ difference in denotation()33・ upon C. bound morpheme()34. rich/wealthy D・ clipping()35・ medicare E. fimctional word()36. answer/reply F content word()37. flu G. compounding()38. steel H. initialism()39.VOA L blending()40. idealistic J. difference in connotationI]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10 % )41._____ are newly-created words or expressions,, or words that have taken on new meanings.42.In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a______ language to the present analytic language・43.The morphemes can be grouped into _______ morphemes and bound morphemes・44.The prefix n un-n in the word n unwrap n is a ________ prefix・45.Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ________ meaning and associative meaning・46.Hyponymy can be described in terms of _______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates・47.In Old English, animals and their _______share the same name.48.Stmctural patterns where a particular word is used is called ________ context.49.Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into _______ verbs and other verb phrases.50.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary・IV.Define the following terms. (10% )51.bound morphemes52.affixes53・ blending54.unabridged dictionary55.dismembering of idiomV.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?57.How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they?58.What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point.59.How do you use a dictionary to the full?VI.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come yoursausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? H Butcher replied: ”Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. H61.Analyze and comment on the following statement.As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.高等教育自学考试（四）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost alwaysA. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically and have limitedA. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and .(A. dynamicB. paradigmaticC. diachronicD. syntagmatic4. Old English is a highly language just like modern German/A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the invaded England in 1066.(A. RomansB. DanesC. NormansD. Jutes6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable and of its vocabulary/A. complexity, heterogeneityB. purity, simplicityC・ naturalness, simplicity D・ naturalness, conventionality7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into morphemes andmorphemes.(A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, boundis the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.(A. rootB. stemC. 1 exemeD. headword9. In English, bound roots are either or ・(B.Greek, ScandinavianA. Latin, French10.The chief function of suffixation is to ______A.change the word-classB.change the meaning of the stemC・ change the semantic function of the stemD. all the above11._____________________________________________________ Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or _________________________________________________ affixes to stems.( )A.derivational B・inflectionalC.boundD. locative12.Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______ .( )A.prefixationB. compoundingC.clippingD. suffixation13.Associative meaning comprises several types except _______ .( )A.connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC.affective meaningD. lexical meaning14.“MuctT and “many” have the same _______ .( )A. concept B・motivationC. collocationD. sense15._____ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )A. LexicalB. ConceptualC. Associative D・ Grammatical16. ____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )A. Polysemy B・ HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy17.The difterences between synonyms boil down to three areas: ________ .( )A.elevation, connotation, applicationB.connotation, elevation, degradationC.connotation, denotation, applicationD.amelioration, deterioration, denotation18.A ____ term is general and a/an _______ term is specific^ )A. hyponym,subordinateB. superordinate, subordinateC. polysemant, monosemantD. lower, upper19. ____ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )A. Proper nouns in the pastB. Polysemic words of modern EnglishC. Technical terms in the pastD. All the above20.If a word which used to have a more _________ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )A. specific B・ pejorativeC. generalD. appreciative21 ・ Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______ names due to _______ r easons.( )A. appealing, economic B・ vulgar, psychologicalC. appealing, psychologicalD. non・affbchng, psychological22.Ambiguity is caused mainly by ______ context.( )A. lexicalB. historicalC. grammaticalD. inadequate23._____ and ______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )A. Antonymy, synonymy B・Hyponymy, homonymyC. Superordinates, subordinatesD. Lexical words, grammatical words24.Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the_____ context, and in many cases by the whole ________ a s well.( )A. lexical, linguistic contextB. linguistic, speech situationC. grammatical, lexical contextD. lexical, extra-linguistic context25.Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than _______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )A. one B・twoC. threeD. four26.Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes _______ .( )A. lexical manipulationB. stylistic manipulationC. phonetic manipulation D・figures of speech27.The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the _______ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )A. logicalB. lexicalC. illogicalD. grammatical28•厶ongman Lexicon of Contemporary English was compiled on the principle of _______ .( )A. pronunciation B・fieldsC. spellingD. usage29._____is a monolingual dictionary.( )A.Oxford Advance d L earners Dictionary of Contemporaiy English with Chinese TranslationB.New English-Chinese DictionatyC.Chinese-English DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English30.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______ .( )A.monolingual dictionaries B・ general dictionariesC. encyclopedic dictionariesD. both A and BIIL Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)41.Stylistics is concerned with the user's ________ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special efleets.42.Of all the borrowed words in English, about ________ a re from French・43.Free morphemes and free ______ are identical.44.It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with itthe different range of ______ that it originally carried.45.Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to _________ meaning・IV.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)Example: disobey (affixation)46.honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )48. donn ( ) 49. AIDS ( )。

浙江7月自考高等教育自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1. At the United States Embassy on May 22nd at 3:30pm, the United States Department ofAgriculture (USDA) and Global Village of Beijing (GVB) will introduce their production of a9 part agricultural video series to be broadcast on Chinese Central Television (CCTV) Summer2002.The underlined word here is a/an ( ).A. verbB. adjectiveC. nounD. adverb2. Roget's International Thesaurus is a ( ).A. notebookB. textC. words bookD. dictionary3. “-tion”, “-ing”, and “-s”belong to ( ).A. affixesB. suffixesC. rootsD. stems4. “Gay”is a synonym of ( ).A. joyfulB. joyC. joylessD. homosexual5. Of the modes of word meaning changes, ( ) are the most common.A. elevation and transferB. extension and narrowingC. degradation and transferD. narrowing and degradation6. Holiday-making is a ( ) motivated word.A. semanticallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeticallyD. morphologically7. In the idiom “all ears”, ( ) is used.A. metaphorB. synecdocheC. metonymyD. euphemism8. “East/west”are ( ) antonyms.A. notB. contradictoryC. contraryD. relative9. “Look forward to”is an idiom ( ) in nature.A. adverbialB. verbalC. nominalD. adjectival10. ( ) is used in particular discipline and academic areas.A. SlangB. JargonC. TerminologyD. Argot11. Extra-linguistic context excludes ( ).A. clausesB. timeC. placeD. people12. The main body of a dictionary is ( ) of words.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. usageD. definition13. They saw her duck. This sentence is ambiguous because “duck”is ( ).A. ambiguousB. a nounC. a verbD. either a noun or a verb114. Associative meaning does not contain ( ) meaning.A. grammaticalB. stylisticC. connotativeD. affective15. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: and .( )A. stylistic/collocativeB. pejorative/appreciativeC. adjectival/adverbialD. nominative/substantive16. Compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic and the meanings of many are the sumtotal of the ( )combined.A. rootsB. stemsC. morphsD. morphemes17. In spite of the disagreement between sound and form, ( ) of the English words fitconsistent spelling patterns.A. at least 90%B. at least 70%C. at least 80%D. 60%18. Linguistic context may cover the following except ( ).A. a paragraphB. a whole chapterC. the entire bookD. participants19. Absolute synonyms are ( )A. rareB. numerousC. commonD. popular20. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?( )A. Lab.B. Cent.C. Zoo.D. Ad.Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)21. As is stated in Encyclopedia Americana, “The English language has vast debts. In anydictionary some ________ % of the entries are borrowed. ““22. ________ are affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.23. When a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and ________does the signbecome meaningful.24. The development of word-meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows twocourses,traditionally known as ________ and concatenation.25.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is________ context.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) rhetorical features of the idioms;2)sense relations;3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and motivation.(10%)A B26.poison (a drink) ( )a part and parcel27.terminology ( ) b extension28.alliteration ( )c The Pocket English-Chinese Gem29.aliens ( )d metaphor30.arm in arm ( )e Balto-Slavic31. juxtaposition ( )f repetition32. black sheep ( )g narrowing33. pocket dictionary ( )h weal and woe34. companion (a company) ( )I borrowed words235. Czech ( )j special lexicologyⅣ.Define the following terms.(15%)36. Basic Word Stock37. Motivation38. Homonym39. Idiom40. Desk dictionariesⅤ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(15%)41. How would you explain the difference between prefixation and suffixation?42. Explain the difference between Reference and Sense.43. Explain the difference between encyclopedic dictionaries and encyclopedia dictionaries.Ⅵ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)44. Study the following dialogue and explain the rhetoric use.“Why is Sunday the strongest day?”“Because all the others are week days.”45. Analyse the following forms and comment.Easy come, easy go.More haste, less speed.here and theregive and take3。

浙江7月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.(30%)1. Linguistic dictionaries usually do NOT cover such areas as ( )A. definitionsB. spellingC. usageD. sound2. This 9-segment series focuses on economically viable small-scale U.S. farms that have adoptedenvironmentally-innovative agricultural techniques.The underlined word is a ( ) word. A. nonce B. vogueC. fashionableD. coin3. If two main constituents of an idiom share the last vowel,it is called ( )A. rimeB. alliterationC. repetitionD. reiteration4. The rhetorical coloring of “as cool as cucumber”is ( )A. rimeB. juxtapositionC. reiterationD. alliteration5. The overwhelming majority of net terms are ( )A. adverbialsB. nounsC. verbsD. adjectives6. Sina in“" is a ( )A. semanticallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeticallyD. morphologically7. In the idiom “in low water",( ) is used.A. metonymyB. synecdocheC. metaphorD. euphemism8. “Cousin/sister" are ( ) antonyms.A. notB. contradictoryC. contraryD. relative9. “On line" is an idiom ( ) in nature.A. adverbialB. verbalC. nominalD. adjectival10. American English began to be known in the ( )A. 17th centuryB. 16 th centuryC. 18 th centuryD. Middle Ages11. A key component of the US system is extension agents that serve as bridges from researchers tofarmers by transferring new conservation technologies and techniques to farmers.There underlined word here is a/an ( )A. adverbB. nounC. verbD. adjective12. Other meanings apart from the primary meaning of a word were acquired by ( )A. analogyB. extensionC. narrowingD. all the above13. In the idiom“Failure is the mother of success,"( ) is used.A. synecdocheB. personificationC. simileD. metaphor14. The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs often involves a change of ( )A. spellingB. pronunciationC. functionD. stress15. Until 1066,the influence on English was mainly ( )A. FrenchB. GermanicC. LatinD. Celtic16. According to the linguistic approach used in dictionaries we have ( ) dictionaries.A. monolingual,bilingual and multilingualB. synchronic and diachronicC. pocket,medium-sized and unabridgedD. general and special17. The grammatical meaning of a word refers to that part of the meaning of the word whichindicates grammatical concept or relationship such as ( )A. part of speech of wordsB. singular and plural meaning of nounsC. tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional formsD. all the above18. The “de-" in “demilitarize" is a/an ( ) prefix.A. reversativeB. orientationC. pejorativeD. negative19. Generally,the number of the present-day English vocabulary is ( ) million.A. 2B. over 1C. 3D. 120. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on ( )A. the grammatical functionB. the pronunciationC. the spellingD. none of the aboveⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)1. A word is a _______ free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly _______ language.3. Relative term is a type consisting of _______ such as parent/child,predecessor/successor.4. CCELD is _______ Dictionary.5. Suffix is the formation of new words by adding _______ to stems.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) rhetorical features of the idioms;2)sense relations;3)assimilation degree;4)characteristics of the basic word stock and motivation.(10%)1. pick and choose ( )a might and main2. terminology ( )b extension3. alliteration ( )c simile4. IBM ( )d metaphor5. picture ( )e reiteration6. juxtaposition ( )f grammatical meaning7. as clear as day ( )g appreciative8. crocodile tears ( )h rain or shine9. -s ( )i initialism10. proud ( )j etymologyⅣ.Define the following terms.(15%)1. Perfect homonyms2. A bound root3. Denotative meaning4. Transfer5. ReferenceⅤ.Answer the following questions.Y our answers should be clear and short.Write your answers in the space given below.(15%)1. How do words change their meaning?What is radiation?2. Tell the meaning of the underlined morphemes:(1) dehydrate,deorbit,decentralize(2)educationwise,moneywise,drinkwise(3)malnutrition,maltreat,(4)peacenik,beatnik(5)piglet,booklet3. What's the difference between antonyms and adjectives plus“not"?Ⅵ.Analyze and comment on the following.Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)1. Comment on the following converted words.a. a white,finals,a Republican,valuables,b. the wounded,the poorer,the departed2. Animal names are often used in English idioms.Can you explain with five idioms how they are used for metaphorical effect?。

2020年4月全国自考英语词汇学真题

全国2018年4月历年自考英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Words fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______. （）A. use frequencyB. notionC. productivityD. origin2. Words like bear, nut, knocked out can be categorized as ______. （）A. terminologyB. jargonC. slangD. neologisms3. Identify the word that is of Scandinavian origin among the following. （）A. SkirtB. DressC. ModelD. Status4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? （）A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. Reviving archaic or obsolete words also contribute to the growth of English vocabularyC. The word cloak is of French origin.D. Modern English is a synthetic language.5. The root of the word “antecedent”is ______. （）A. ante-B. -ced-C. -dentD. -ent6.Shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains is called ______. （）A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. back-formation7. Associative meaning of words comprises the following except ______. （）A. connotative meaningB. lexical meaningC. affective meaningD. collocative meaning8. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? （）A. Suffixation.B. Polysemy.1C. Allomorph.D. Variation.9. Which word that formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English?（）A. Deer.B. Cattle.C. Sheep.D. Bird.10. When a word with multiple meanings is used in an inadequate context, this word may create ______. （）A. semantic motivationB. degradationC. ambiguityD. extension11. Without ______, there is no way to determine the very sense of the word that the speaker intended to convey.A. contextB. semantic unityC. structural stabilityD. stylistic feature12. Idioms manifest such rhetorical features as the following except______. （）A. phonetic manipulationB. lexical manipulationC. literary expressionsD. figures of speech13. According to its grammatical functions, idioms can be classified into five groups. The idiom “heart and soul”belongs to ______. （）A. idioms nominal in natureB. idioms adjectival in natureC. idioms verbal in natureD. idioms adverbial in nature14. The main body for a dictionary is ______ of words. （）A. spellingsB. pronunciationsC. definitionsD. grammar15. Readers can’t fi nd pronunciation or meaning in ______. （）A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese TranslationB. The Encyclopedia AmericanaC. Chamber’s Encyclopedic English DictionaryD. Collins COBUILD English Language DictionaryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)216. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ________ morphemes.17. The chief function of ________ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.18. “Pavement”in British English and “sidewalk”in American English have the same ________.19. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ________field of ‘colours’.20. Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being ________ and the other oppositeIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1 ) types of meanings;2) types of motivations; 3) types of dictionaries; 4) origins of English and5) types of sense relations. (10%)A B( )21. queer, odd A. onomatopoetically motivated( )22. surplus value B. subordinate hyponymy( )23. miaow C. specialized dictionary( )24. CED D. Greek( )25. hard disk, CPU etc. —computer E. polysemy( )26. technology F. semantically motivated( )27. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs G relative synonym( )28. The pen is mightier than the sword. H. conceptual meaning( )29. gay-joyous, brilliant and homosexual I. bilingual dictionary( )30. home/dwelling place J. GermanIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of context; 2) types of word formation; 3) causes of meaning change; 4 ) types of bound morphemes underlined. (10%)31. boob-head-one who returns too often to jail ( )32. ascendant ( )33. look out/look out ( )334. descend ( )35. telequiz ( )36. landlord (in English vs. in Chinese) ( )37. a coloured nail/a copper nail ( )38. tolerance ( )39. churl-bad people ( )40. stockholder ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. creation (as a mode of vocabulary development)42. free morphemes43. collocative meaning44. concatenation45. grammatical contextVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What is suffixation? Give an example to illustrate your point47. What is the remarkable feature of Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English ?48. Supply two examples to illustrate that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. ( 18 % )49. Explain the meaning of the phrase “a laconic answer”, using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence: 1) pick out the idiom, 2) explain its origin, and 3) comment onthe use.David’s head was in the tool-box, but his voice was heard saying, “Too many cooks, better let me.”4。

英语词汇学2018年4月真题试题及答案解析(00832)_1

英语词汇学 2018 年 4 月真题试题及答案解析（00832）1、Which of the following is NOT true about the definition of a word?A、A word is a sound unity.B、A word is a unit of meaning.C、A word is the smallest form of a language.D、A word is a form that can function alone in a sentence,试题答案：[['C']]试题解析：不正确的是：单词是语言的最小形式。

2 、 Vocabulary can refer to the total number of the words in a language, and it can stand for all the words used e.g. Old English vocabulary, Middle English vocabulary and Modern English vocabularyA、in a given bookB、in a given dialectC、by an individual personD、in a particular historical period试题答案：[['D']]试题解析：词汇可以指一种语言中的单词总数，它可以代表在特定历史时期使用的所有单词，如旧英语词汇、中英语词汇和现代英语词汇。

in a particular historical period 在特定历史时期3、Words like man, fire, sun have been in use for centuries. This shows the basic word stock has the characteristics of .A、productivityB、polysemyC、collocabilityD、stability试题答案：[['D']]试题解析：像人、火、太阳这样的词已经使用了几个世纪了。

《英语词汇学》自考真题试题及答案解析

《英语词汇学》自考真题试题及答案解析卷面总分：102分答题时间：80分钟试卷题量：51题一、单选题（共51题，共0分）1.“Woman”becomes “Frau”in German, “femme”in French and“f ùnǔ”in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______ .• A. sounds• B.forms• C.unities• D.meanings正确答案：A2.The following words of the basic word stock denote the most commonthings and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______ .• A.fire• B.hot• C.photoscanning• D.sister正确答案：C3.Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their originalpronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?• A.Bazaar• B.Kowtow• C.Rajah• D.Blitzkrieg正确答案：B4.The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of thefollowing EXCEPT ______ .• A.Europe• B.the Far East• C.India• D.the Near East正确答案：B5.Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words inthe present-day English vocabulary?• A.The rapid development of modern science and technology.• B.Social, economic and political changes• C.The invasion of foreign countries.• D.The influence of other cultures and languages.正确答案：C6.Modern English vocabulary develops through the following channelsEXCEPT ______.• A.creation• B.borrowing• C.semantic change• D. lexical change正确答案：D7.How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words?cats boss work improper tried• A.1• B.2• C.3• D.4正确答案：B8.A mong the following words, “______ ”does NOT have inflectionalaffixes.• A. liked• B.children’s• C.happier• D.it’s正确答案：D9.Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?• A.Northward• B.Widen• C.Happy• D.Worker.正确答案：C10.Among the following words, “______ ”contains a negative prefix.• A.amoral• B.de-compose• C.antiwar• D.foretell正确答案：A11.From the viewpoint of word formation, the word “smog”is a ______.• pound• B.conversion• C.clipping• D.blending正确答案：D12.Which of the following is partially converted?• A. A white• B.A drunk• C.The poor• D.Finals正确答案：C13.One can figure out the meaning of “airmail ”to be “mail by air ”by its ______.• A.onomatopoeic motivation• B.morphological motivation• C.semantic motivation• D.etymological motivation正确答案：B14.When a reader comes across the word “home”in his reading, theword may remind him of his “family, friends, warmth, safety, etc. ”In this sense, the word “home”conveys ______.• A.connotative meaning• B.stylistic meaning• C.affective meaning• D.collocative meaning正确答案：A15.Which of the following statements is TRUE?• A.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.• B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.• C.Affective meaning indicates the listener ’s attitude towards the person or thing in question• D.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.正确答案：B16.Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound andmeaning are called ______.• A.perfect homonyms• B.homographs• C.homophones• D.homonyms正确答案：B17.The differences between synonyms exist in the following areasEXCEPT ______.• A.denotation• B.connotation• C.reference• D.application正确答案：C18.“Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc. ”make up the ______ of“fruit ”.• A.synonyms• B.homonyms• C.superordinate term• D.semantic field正确答案：D19.______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had aspecialized meaning has now become generalized.• A.Degradation• B.Elevation• C.Extension• D.Specilization正确答案：C20.Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors thatcause changes in meaning?• A.Cultural reason.• B.Historical reason• C.Class reason• D.Psychological reason正确答案：A21.The word “minister”originally meant “a servant”, but now haschanged to“a head of a ministry ”. This process of meaning change is called ______ .• A.extension• B.elevation• C.degradation• D.specialization正确答案：B22.In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced bythe ______in which it occurs.• A.structure• B.sentence• C.phrase• D.clause正确答案：A23.There is an ambiguity in the sentence “He is a hard businessman ”due to ______.• A.polysemy• B.homonymy• C.synonymy• D.antonymy正确答案：A24.Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?• A.Definition• B.Polysemy• C.Synonymy• D.Antonymy.正确答案：B25.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?• A.The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.• B.The constituents of idioms can eplaced. ’t be r• C.The word order in an idiom can ’t be changed.• D.An idiom functions as one word.正确答案：A26.Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each andfunction as a noun in sentences.• A.verb• B.adjective• C.preposition• D.noun正确答案：D27.Lexical manipulation is one aspect of the rhetorical features of idioms.The following EXCEPT ______ belong to lexical manipulation.• A.alliteration• B.reiteration• C.repetition• D.juxtaposition正确答案：A28.Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary ’, 3rd Edition (1980), isamong the best-known British ______ dictionaries.• A.unabridged• B.desk• C.pocket• D.bilingual正确答案：B29.Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______. • A. spelling• B.pronunciation• C.definition• D.syntactical rules正确答案：D30.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has someunique features such as definition, extra column and ______.• A. pronunciation• B.grammar codes• age examples• nguage codes正确答案：C31.The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.• A.stretch• B.extend• C.expand• D.prolong本题解析：此题考查的是固定词组搭配。

(全新整理)4月浙江自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (15%, 1 point for each)1．In Lexicology, we shall study ______.( )A．the combination of morphemes into wordsB. the development of speech sounds of EnglishC．the stylistic effect of sentencesD．the structure of discourse2. Of the four characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ______. ( )A．all national character B. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability3. The first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles were ______. Their languages were dialects of still another branch of the Indo-European Language Family ______.( )A．German/Germanic B. Celts/CelticC. Italian/ItalicD. Sweden/Swedish4. The modes of modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ______, semantic change, ______.( )A．exchange/lending B. derivation/borrowingC. creation/borrowingD. affixation/creation5. Almost all mono-morphemic ______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways.( )A．verbs B. adjectivesC. adverbsD. prepositions6．In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb ______. ( )1A．with some changesB. without any changeC. with some changes in spellingD. without any change in pronunciation7.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ the so-called suffixes.( ) A．removing B. combiningC. shorteningD. considering8. Words mainly involved in conversion are ______.( )A．nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD.adjectives, adverbs and verbs9. Grammatical meaning does not include ______.( )A．part of speech B. plural forms of nounsC. tensesD. appropriateness10.According to different demands the major types of dictionaries are ______.( ) A．monolingual, bilingual and multilingualB. general and specializedC. pocket, medium-sized and unabridgedD. all of the above11. Non-basic vocabulary includes ______.( )A．argot and jargon B. archaisms and neologismsC. technical termsD. all the above12. Associative meaning is NOT affected by ______.( )A．experience B. cultureC. languageD. education13. The process of meaning relation is also called ______.( )2A．extension B. degradationC. specializationD. elevation14．Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally ______.( ) A．movable B. unstableC. unchangeableD. ununderstandable15. The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of ______.( )A．reference B. senseC. conceptD. meaningⅡ.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)16. English is more closely related to German than French.( )17. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period.( )18. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology as well as influence of foreign cultures and languages. ( )19. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems. ( )20. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure cannot be changed. ( )21. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word-formation which indicates the attitude of the user.( )22. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations which are generally found in the dictionary.( )23. The origins of the words are a key factor in distinguishing homonyms from polysemants. ( )24. Relative terms are relational opposites, which include verbs reversing the action of each other.( )325. Antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.( )Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to the sense relations. (10%, 1 point for each)26.（） 27.（） 28.（） 29.（） 30. （）31.（） 32.（） 33.（） 34.（） 35. （）Ⅳ.Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)36. World languages can be grouped into roughly ______ language families on the basis of similarities in the basis word stock and grammar.37. Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England, and it can be subdivided into ______ more stages.38. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a ______ quantity of words borrowed form Latin and Scandinavian.39. The words of the basic word stock form the common ______ of the language.440. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are ______.Ⅴ.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. (10%, 2 points for each) Example: disobey (Affixation)41. airline （）42. shadow (v) （）43. exploitation （）44. swimmer （）45. motel （）Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. (20%, 5 points for each)46. What is vocabulary?47. What is motivation?48. What are the major sources of English synonyms?49. What are the causes of semantic change?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the given sentence(s). Pick out the idiom in the sentence, and point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech. (15%)50. She told me that he was Jack of all trades.5。

7月浙江自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析.docx

⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯浙江省 2018 年 7 月自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码： 10059I. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that wouldbest complete the statement. (15%, 1 point for each)1. The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of _____ words into the English vocabulary.A. LatinB. GreekC. DanishD. French2. According to the textbook, the general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over _____.A. 500,000B. 1,000,000C. 200,000D. 2,000,0003.Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels:_____.A. creation, conversion and borrowingB. creation, semantic change and borrowingC. creation, borrowing and back-formationD. semantic change, borrowing and back-formation4.Which of the following is NOT true?_____A. A word is a sound unity.B. A word has a given meaning.C. A word can be used freely in a sentence.D. A word is the smallest form of a language.5. Of the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is _____.A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability6. The meanings of etymologically motivated words relate directly to their _____.A. semantic changeB. the morphemes combinedC. originsD. word-formation7. The differences between synonyms boil down to the three areas: _____.A. denotation, connotation and intensityB. connotation, intensity and applicationC. denotation, connotation and applicationD. connotation, implication and application8._____ of meaning is the process by which words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.A. ExtensionB. ElevationC. NarrowingD. Degradation9. Words like cuckoo, ping-pong are _____ motivated.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically10. Antonyms are often used in proverbs to _____.1A. express ideas economicallyB. express ideas easilyC. form metaphorsD. form antithesis to achieve emphasis11.Associative meaning, according to GLeech, comprises four types, they are _____.A. connotative, stylistic, affective and collocativeB. connotative, stylistic, affective and lexicalC. connotative, stylistic, affective and grammaticalD. connotative, stylistic, affective and conceptual12.The development of word meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses:_____.A. radiation and narrowingB. concatenation and wideningC. radiation and concatenationD. radiation and widening13. Unlike reference, sense denotes the relationships _____.A. outside the languageB. inside the languageC. with the meaningD. between the language and the world14.According to the textbook, the best-known unabridged dictionary is _____.A. The World Book DictionaryB. The Encyclopedia AmericanaC. Webster ’ s New World DictionaryD. Webster ’ s Third New International Dictionary15.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary ( CCELD) (1987) has such unique features as _____.A. definition, usage examples and language notesB. definition, extra column and usage examplesC. definition, extra column and language notesD. definition, usage examples and clear grammar codesII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)16.() English is more closely related to German than French.17.() A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be analyzed without total loss of identity.18.() Suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.19.() Lexical meaning and associative meaning make up the word-meaning.20.() Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and adjectives.21.() Of the five groups of idioms, idioms nominal in nature are the largest group.22.() Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.23.() Homonyms come mainly from borrowing, changes in sound and spelling, and dialects.24.() The unmarked term of an antonymous pair often covers the meaning of the marked.25.() Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo.III. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to the sense relations. (10%, 12point for each)A B26. bear (v.) / bear (n.) A. homographs27. sell / buy B. dialectal synonyms28. dear / deer C. relative terms29. sow ( v.) / sow (n.) D. contradictory terms30. small / little E. emotive synonyms31. rich / poor F. superordinate / subordinate32. table, chair G. homophones33. animal / lion H. contrary terms34. railway / railroad I. perfect homonyms35. male / female J. furniture / hyponymy26. ()27. ()28. ()29. ()30. ()31. ()32. ()33. ()34. ()35. ()IV . Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2points for each)36.There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and _____.37.The language used between 450 and 1150 is called _____, which has a vocabulary of 50,000 to 60,000.38.Semantic motivation refers to the mental _____ suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.39.The words which are fully identical in meaning are called _____ synonyms.40.Words may fall into the basic word stock and _____ vocabulary by use frequency.V. Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. (10%, 2 points for each)Example:disobey(Affixation)41. honeybee()42. disco()43.donate()44. AIDS()45. autocide()VI. Answer the following questions. (20%, 5 points for each)46.Why are free morphemes and free roots identical?47.How do you understand semantic motivation?48.What are the functions of context?49.In what ways do compounds differ from free phrases?VII. Analyze and comment on the given sentences. Pick out the idiom in the sentence, and point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech. (15%)50. Look at Mary. She ’s eating like a horse!3。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "breakfast" is derived from:A. LatinB. Old EnglishC. GreekD. French答案：B2. Which of the following words is a compound word?A. TelephoneB. BicycleC. ComputerD. All of the above答案：D3. The word "kindergarten" is borrowed from:A. GermanB. ItalianC. SpanishD. French答案：A4. Which of the following is an example of a back-formation?A. EditB. TypewriteC. CatalogD. Interview答案：A5. The term "morpheme" refers to:A. A wordB. A syllableC. A meaningful unit of languageD. A sound答案：C6. The word "mouse" can be analyzed as:A. A single morphemeB. A compound wordC. A prefix and a rootD. A root and a suffix答案：A7. Which of the following words is a blend?A. MotelB. BrunchC. InfomercialD. All of the above答案：D8. The process of adding a suffix to a root to form a new word is called:A. DerivationB. InflectionC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A9. The word "unbelievable" is formed by:A. PrefixationB. SuffixationC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A10. The word "run" can have several meanings, which is an example of:A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Antonymy答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of changing a word's form to express tense, mood, or number is called ________.答案：inflection2. A word that has the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings is called a ________.答案：homograph3. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is known as a ________.答案：morpheme4. A word that is formed by combining two or more words is called a ________.答案：compound5. A word that is formed by adding a prefix to a root is called a ________.答案：prefixed word6. The study of the history of words and the way they change over time is known as ________.答案：etymology7. A word that is formed by adding a suffix to a root is called a ________.答案：suffixed word8. The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called ________.答案：clipping9. A word that is formed by combining parts of two or more words is called a ________.答案：blend10. The process of creating a new word by changing the form of an existing word is called ________.答案：conversion三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a prefix and a suffix.答案：A prefix is an affix that is added to the beginning of a root to form a new word with a different meaning, such as "un-" in "unbelievable". A suffix is an affix that is added to the end of a root to form a new word, often changing thepart of speech or adding a specific meaning, such as "-ness"in "happiness".2. What is the role of a morpheme in the structure of a word? 答案：A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, and it can be a word by itself or part of a word.It can be a root, which carries the core meaning, or an affix, which modifies the meaning or function of the root.3. Describe the process of word formation through blending.答案：Word formation through blending involves combiningparts of two or more words to create a new word. This process results in a word that is shorter and often more convenientto use, such as "brunch" from "breakfast" and "lunch".。

4月全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案解析

全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _________.（）A. butcher →one who kills goatsB. journal →periodicalC. companion →one who shares breadD. allergic →too sensitive to medicine2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.（）A. extension, increase and expansionB. denotation, connotation and applicationC. comprehension, understanding and knowingD. polysemy, homograph and homophone3. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _________.（）A. inflectional affixesB. derivational affixesC. bound rootsD. free morphemes4. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _________.（）A. synonymyB. antonymyC. homonymyD. hyponymy5. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the _________ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in “rain cats and dogs”.（）A. illogicalB. logicalC. mutualD. natural6. Idioms verbal in nature are _________.（）A. verb phrasesB. phrasal verbsC. verb idiomsD. all the above7. The idiom “new brooms sweep clean” was created probably by _________.（）A. seamenB. housewivesC. farmersD. hunters8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________.（）A. –fulB. –wiseC. –lessD. –ike9. Both English and _________ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.（）A. CelticB. DansihC. FrenchD. Scottish10. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________.（）A. bound rootsB. inflectional affixesC. derivational affixesD. all the above11. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________.（）A. its referentB. its referring expressionsC. its meaningD. its concept12. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________.（）A. notionB. use frequencyC. foundationD. origin13. Which of the following is NOT correct? _________（）A. A word is a meaningful group of letters.B. A word is a unit of meaning.C. A word is a sound or combination of sounds.D. A word is a form that cannot function alone in a sentence.14. If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _________.（）A. a thesaurusB. a synonym finderC. an encyclopediaD. an encyclopedic dictionary15. Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary?（）A. It is always better than an American dictionary.B. One can always expect to find American usages in it.C. One can never expect to find American usages in it.D. It tends to include more grammatical information.II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16.The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of ___________ words into English.17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ___________.18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give ___________ of referents.19. Compounds are different from free phrases in ___________ unit.20. Content words have both meanings, and ___________ meaning in particular.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of figures of speech; 2) types of motivation; 3) types of changes in word meaning. (10%)A B( )21. senior citizen A. metonymy( )22. the pot calls the cattle black B. narrowing( )23. earn one’s bread C. euphemism( )24. from cradle to grave D. synecdoche( )25. sit on the fence E. hiss( )26. constable (a policeman) F. personification( )27. criticize(find fault with) G. morphologically motivated( )28. liquor(alcoholic drink) H. degradation( )29. snakes I. metaphor( )30. hopeless J. elevationIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of meaning. (10%)31. harder ( )32. Fridge ( )33. autocide ( )34. tremble with fear ( )35. notorious, skinny ( )36. two-layer ( )37. UNESCO ( )38. cloudy ( )39. subway ( )40. police, money ( )V. Define the following terms.(10%)41. extra-linguistic context42. prefixation43. semantic change44. conceptual meaning45. specializationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What is semantic unity of idioms?47. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points.48. What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes. dishearten, idealistic, unfriendly50. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.Comment on the statement with your own example.。

(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案

)
3. Old English was a highly inflected language .
(
)
4. In early Middle English period , English , Latin , and Celtic existed side by side . (
)
5. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period . (
五． Choose the standard word from the column on the right to match each of the slang words on the left.
a. tart
girl
b. bloke
police
c. gat
great
d. swell
drunk
Swedish Spanish Prussian French Slovenian Danish Portuguese
二． Fill in the blanks according to the text :
The language used between 450 and ___________ is called _________ , which has a vocabulary of ___________ . Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to ____________ , followed by the ______________ period , subdivided as early modern English ( ______________ ) and late _____________ ( 1700- up to now )

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2018年自学《英语词汇学》试题
Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Words and Vocabulary
1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.
B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.
C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being foreign in origin.
D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.
2. The term "vocabulary "is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that_____.
A. it can refer to the common core of a language
B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language
C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period
D. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field
3. A word is a symbol that________.
A. is used by the same speech community
B. represents something else in the world
C. is both simple and complex in nature
D. shows different ideas in different sounds
4. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they
A. are complex words.
B. are technical word
C. refer to the commonest things in life.
D. denote the most important concepts.
5. The basic word stock forms the common____of the language.
6. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or____. 7．Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited_____________
概念：jargon
Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary
1. __is considered to be a highly-inflected language.
A Old English B. Middle English
C. Early Modem English
D. Late Modem English
2. The introduction of______ at the end of the'-6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.
A. printing, B Christianity C. French words D. all the above
3. Though still at work today, ___can hardly compare with what it was in the past.
A. word-formation
B. borrowing
C. derivation
D. conversion
4. Early Modern English refers to the language spoken
A. from 1066 to 1500
B. from 1150 to 1500
C. from 1500 to 1700
D. from 1600 to 1800
5. Old English has a vocabulary of about_______words.
A. 30,000 to 40,000
B. 50,000 to 60,000
C. 70,000 to 80,000
D. 80,000 to 90,000
6. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of___ in the Middle English period.
A. Dutch origin
B. Danish origin
C. Latin origin
D. Greek origin
概念：Germanic，Old English
简答：Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?
Chapter 3 Word Formation I
1. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be----- .
A. affixational
B. derivational
C. free
D. bound
2. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as____
A. bound roots
B. free morphemes
C. inflectional morphemes
D. derivational affixes
3. ______are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.
A. Roots
B. Stems
C. Affixes D, Compounds
4. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and____
5. Almost all affixes are_____________ morphemes because few can be used as independent words.
概念：morphs，allomorph，morpheme
简答：1。

What is the difference between partial and full conversion?。