英国经济ppt

Margaret Hilda Thatcher 撒切尔
Born in 1925 The first female prime minister in UK history The first female prime minister in Europe Margaret Hilda Thatcher
• The end of 1973 witnessed the first oil shock. As a result the rate of inflation rose to 16% in 1974. In the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate. 1973年爆发了第一次石油危机，结 果通胀率在1974年上升到了16％，70年代 在发达国家中，英国增长率最低而通胀率 最高。
• In the early 20th century the motor vehicle industry in Britain was developed in the west midlands and South East of England. The British motor industry is now dominated by four firms(Ford, the Rover Group, GM-Vauxhall, and Peugeot) 20世 纪初，英国汽车工业在中地西部和英格兰 东南部得到发展，现在英国地汽车业受控 于四大公司（福特，拉夫集团，GM凡克斯 豪和波昂特）。
7.%
Rates of inflation 通货膨胀率
Labor productivi ty
Economic growth
unemployment
Advantages&Disadvantaes A . Improvement on economy
B. Remain problems on management and supervision
• The new economic programmed adopted by Mrs. Thatcher was based on the new classical school of thought. Privatization deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism. 由撒切尔夫人提出 的新经济计划以新的古典思想学派理论为 基础，私有化、撤销价格管制和市场自由 化取代了物价和收入控制及政府的干涉主 义
More than 40% state-owned enterprises became privately owned
What was the result? ………………………
Before 22% after after before After 5% before
before
After 12%
She carried out an extensive programe of privatisation Throughout the 1980s.
Many state-owned enterprises became privately owned under this policy.
State-owned →→→ privately owned
The
manufacturing industry pictures show
• Britain has a large motor vehicle industry. In 1980 it employed about 860,000 workers and produced about one million cars in addition to tens of thousands of tractors and commercial vehicles. • Britain is also a leading world producer and exporter of agricultural tractors.
Overview of the UK economy
History
• The UK was once the largest economy in the world. • 19th century-----Peak ↑ • The end of World War II-----Been weakened↓
Maຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduufacturing
• Britain has a very long history in manufacturing, which has proved a strong basis for the country’s national economic development. • Britain’s largest manufacturing industry is the iron and steel industry and Britain remains to be one of the world’s major steel-producing nations. Each year Britain exports a large proportion of its steel, either directly, 25% of the total, or in the form of finished products.
State-owned →→→ privately owned Main reason:
1. Needs of tax cut to promote economic development and increase the efficiency of company 2. Difficulty in finance of the government 3. Other people think that it had some relation with the fight among the parties
• Just as the 1940s decade is remembered in Britain as the era of nationalization. The 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization. During past decade almost 40% of the Britain state enterprises were privatized. 正如20世纪40年代在英国以国 有化的十年被记住一样，80年代的十年将 以私有化被人们记住，过去十年里几乎有 40％的国有企业被私有化。
telecom
They were state-owned
steel
oil
However, problems appeared…… a. Great losses（亏损） b. High cost of production c. High rates of inflation(通货膨胀） d. Low labor productivity(劳动生产率） ( the labor productivity was 40% lower than it was in private enterprise then) e. Slow growth in economy……………… At this time, a woman came onto the stage,which brought a turning point in UK’s history
• 2 periods of strong economic performance • ★the Prime Ministership of Margaret Thatcher • ★the ‘New Labour’ government came to power in 1997
• Between 1950 and 1973, Britain’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3%. Growth was hampered by chronic balance of payment deficits. The term “Britain disease” is now used to characterize Britain’s economic decline. 1950年至 1973年间，英国的国民生产总值平均年增 长率为3％。经济发展受阻于长期收支平衡 的赤字，现在常用“英国病”这个词来概 括英国经济衰退的特征。
telecom
英国石油公司 Associated British Ports 英国联合港口公司
steel
航 空 无 线 电 公 司
coal
Water conservancy
They all became privately owned
Electric system
a. Inflation came under control b. Companies were more efficient, producing the same amount with less workers. c. Loss became making profits d. Labor productivity increased e. Rapid increase in unemployment.
privatisation(私有化）
• 1.before the privatisation policy…… (before 1979) Many enterprises and business were state-owned, such as steel, telecom(电 信）, gas , aerospace（航空航天工业）， bank of England, oil business, transport service……
Coalmining
• Britain was once the largest coal producers in the world and coal play a very important role in the industrialization of the country. • The coal resources were made property of the state by the Coal Act in 1938.The coalming industy was nationalized by the Coal Industry Nationalization Bill which went into effect in 1946.The private operator can work small mines under the licence of the National Coal Board.
• Mrs. Thatcher’s government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade using both macroeconomic and microeconomic. 在过去十年，撒切尔政府 运用宏观经济政策和微观经济政策，采取 许多措施提高经济效益。
The feature in economy of the UK
• Privatisation(私有化)
Main Point • A. Social situation before the program
• B Privitisation program was carried out • C The result of the program