语法动词ing的用法

简单了解一般式与完成式的时间意义
1. Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way 一般式所表示的时间与谓语 动词无明显的先后顺序
2. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
Writing an English composition is not easy. It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.
归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It
+be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没益/用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的 There be no doing 无法…… ， 不允许……
归纳总结：
动词非谓语形式 ◆动词-ing是____________________ 中的一种， 谓语 之外的任 单独使用时，能在句中做除______ 何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定 语、状语、宾补等。 主动 （主动/被动) ◆在语态上，动词-ing表示_____ 的动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示正在进行 ______ （正在进行/已经完成）的动作。
–ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语 动词之前
观察下列2个句子, 体会having done与 doing的不同的用法
(1) Having written the letter, John went to the post office. (2) Seeing the beautiful sight, the
介词+doing prefer…to be used to
lead to
no use, can’t help, be fond of
devote oneself to
It‘s worth…, It‘s no use /good be afraid of
stick to
admit to as well as, be tired of be proud of
Ing 时 态 和 语 态
类别
及 物 动
词
形式
主 动
重点
被
动
一般式 doing 完成式 having done
being done having been done
注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加not
作主语：动名词
(动词ing形式在句中做主语、宾语、表语时，其作用相当于抽 象名词)
Teaching is my full-time job.
常见ing作宾语补足语出现在下列动词后，见课本145页
作定语
⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。
a washing machine
＝ a machine for washing
a swimming pool
＝ a pool for swimming
This is a new washing machine.
动名词做表语对主语解 释说明，可与句子的主 语互换，不影响原意。
作表语
现在分词的动作是句中 主语发出的，主语与分 词存在逻辑主谓关系， 不能与主语互换位置。
（1）动名词 My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job.
I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.
children felt excited. 总结: ① 完成式 having done 表动作有先有后
V-ing
② 一般式
doing
表动作同时发生
The end
3. 意义不一致
A.remember/ forget/ regret
I forgot to post your letter. 未做
I forgot posting your letter. 做了
B. mean/ try Mean to do 打算 Try to do 努力 mean doing 意味着 try doing 试着
作
状
语
现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方 式）等，具有主动和进行的含义。表示其动作与句子的谓 语是同时的。
Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（时间）
Being ill, he went home. （原因）
Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(条件） European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. （结果） He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴随）
避免错过少延期 avoid/ miss/ delay/ postpone 建议完成多练习
suggest/advise/finish/complete/ practice
喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/ imagine/ can’t help
承认否定与嫉妒 admit/ deny/ envy 逃避冒险莫宽恕 escape/ risk/ forgive/ excuse 忍受保持不介意 stand/ keep/ mind 允许感激和考虑 allow/ permit/ appreciate/ consider 明白鼓励要禁止 understand/ encourage/ forbid
和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 It is useless trying to argue with Shylock． 这事值得去做。 It’s worth making the effort． 若要人不知，除非己莫为。 There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no joking about such matter.
（2）现在分词 The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. ≠Interesting was the story he told us.
作宾语
1.只接动名词的动词：
作定语
⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被
修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名 词之后。
•a developing country ＝ a country which is developing •a sleeping boy＝ a boy who is sleeping •The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. •China is a developing country.
动词-ing形式的用法
The –ing Form of Verbs
现在分词与动名词的基本 形式你知道吗？
那么简单，谁不知道。是由动 词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，因此 又叫动词的 -ing 形式。
V+-ing
The –ing form
构成： 1.一般情况 rain------ raining 2.以e结尾的动词 hope----- hoping 3.重读闭音节的动词 stop----- stopping 4.以ie结尾的动词 die----- dying lie--lying tie---- tying
2. 意义一致 Like/ hate/ begin/ start/ love/ continue/ prefer Like to do 具体的将来的一次的
Like doing
习惯性经常性的
I like playing football. I like to play football this afternoon.
look forward to (to为介词）
hold off
insist on good at
put off
set about take up
keep on
be successful in give up think of / about
prevent …from…
作宾语补足语
表示宾语进行的动作，具有主动和进行的含义
There
is no sense in doing 做、、、没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干、、、无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比、、、更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干、、、无意义 我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.
注意：分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与 句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格 结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主 语。
1. Comparing all the great people with each other, you’ll find that they have much in common.
2. Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.
3. The train having gone, we had to wait another day.
分析:前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。 最后一例中having gone的逻辑主语是 the train。
注意： -ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于 一个状语从句。
根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing形式作状语时,切记不要在 前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如: Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, so you’ll f eel very comfortable.(×) 分析:如前所述,-ing形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后 半句中的连词so的使用是错误的,应该去掉。 原句应改为: Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, you’ll feel very comfortable.
C. stop/ go on stop to do 另一件 stop doing D. need/ want/ require The flowers need watering. Doing 用主动 同一件
The flowers need to be watered.
to be done用被动
接动名词作宾语的词组(举例)：