英国文学莎士比亚Shakespeare
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William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
William Shakespeare
Ⅰ The introduction of Shakespeare Ⅱ Shakespeare’s works Ⅲ The influence of Shakespeare
The introduction of Shakespeare
place and to help the appropriate mood. The setting is the first thing we see on the stage.
The types of drama
❤Tragedy - drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior force or circumstance; excites terror or pity ❤Comedy- light and humorous drama with a happy ending
Sonnet 18
William Shakespeare (page67) Shall I compare thee to a summer’ s day? Thou art more love ly and more tempe rate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as a man can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives live to thee.
❤Plot: arrangement of happenings or a planned sequence of
interrelated actions. Plot should have a rising action, a climax and a falling action.
❤Setting: in drama serves to place the action in a specific time and
History plays
• • • • • • • • • •
2 Henry VI 3 Henry VI 1 Henry VI Richard III Richard II
King John 1 Henry IV 2 Henry IV Henry V Henry VIII
Hamlet 哈姆雷特
The introduction of Shakespeare
3) No one knows the exact appearance of Shakespeare up to now, because there were no pictures of him left after his death. The portraits of Shakespeare that we can see today are just painted by people partly using their imagination.
Tragedies • • • • • Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶 Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Othello奥赛罗 Four Great Tragedies King Lear李尔王 Macbeth麦克白
Comedies • • • • • • The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦 Twelfth Night 第十二夜 As You Like It 皆大欢喜 All’s Well That Ends Well 终成眷属 Much Ado about Nothing 无事生非
Hamlet ——major character list
• • • • • • • • • Hamlet Claudius Gertrude Polonius Horatio Ophelia Laertes Fortinbras The Ghost
Hamlet
The most famous soliloquy is perhaps “to be or not to be” in Act III, Scene I, Hamlet.
❤Soliloquy -- Long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage. ❤Main Idea: This is an internal philosophical debate on the advantages and disadvantages of existence, and whether it is one's right to end his or her own life. It presents a most logical and powerful examination of the theme of the moral legitimacy of suicide in an unbearably painful world.
译文：能否把你与夏日相比？ 你却比炎夏更可爱温婉； 狂风摧残五月的蓓蕾， 夏日的时光何其短暂。 休恋那丽日当空， 转眼又云雾迷蒙； 休叹百花凋零， 摧残于无常即或天命。 而你如仲夏繁茂不凋谢， 你的美毫发无损； 死神也不敢在你的丽影里踯躅， 你将永生于不朽诗篇。 只要人能呼吸眼不盲， 这诗和你将千秋永恒。
The introduction of Shakespeare
2) Whatever his circumstances, Shakespeare's father and other family members did not deter him at the early age of eighteen from the adventure of marriage. His wife Anne Hathaway must, therefore, have been about eight years older than Shakespeare.
生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的 暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把 它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什 么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及 其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那 正是我们求之不得的结局。
Hamlet -- Hamlet’s soliloquy
• • • • 1564-1616 Stratford-on-Avon, England A Playwright, wrote at least 37 plays A poet, about 154 sonnets and several narrative poems • Started out as an actor
Sonnets（十四行诗） ❤Artistic Devices: • Figures of speech • Language • Sound of effect ❤Theme ( friendship, love and beauty)
❤
Long poems
❤Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》 the love story between the goddess of love— Venus and a young hunter Adonis ❤The Rape of Lucrece 《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Lucrece can’t bear the prince’s rape and commits suicide, then her husband revenges the prince.
Shakespeare’s works
154 sonnets
Shakespeare’s works
2 long poems 12 Tragedies 37 plays 14 Comedies 11History plays
Sonnets（十四行诗）
❤Sonnet: a poem consisting of 14lines with rhyme arranged according to certain definite scheme. ❤Sonnets commonly adopted by Shakespeare consist of three quatrains and a couplet, which we now generally called the Shakespeare sonnet or English sonnet.
Hamlet
• Hamlet is regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular and greatest play on the stage. • It is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the absurdness and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today.ts of Dramatic literature
❤Character: round character: dynamic, complex, many- sided.
flat character: static, two-dimensional, fixed and unchanging, can be summed up in one or two traits. Dramatic characters are realistic, non realistic, symbolic and stereotyped( fixed ,unchanging)
The introduction of Shakespeare
1)The exact date of his birth is not known. Two 18th-century antiquaries gave it as April 23, but without quoting authority for their statements. In any case his birthday cannot have been later than April 23, since the inscription upon his monument is evidence that on April 23, 1616, he had already begun his fifty-third year.
William Shakespeare
Ⅰ The introduction of Shakespeare Ⅱ Shakespeare’s works Ⅲ The influence of Shakespeare
The introduction of Shakespeare
place and to help the appropriate mood. The setting is the first thing we see on the stage.
The types of drama
❤Tragedy - drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior force or circumstance; excites terror or pity ❤Comedy- light and humorous drama with a happy ending
Sonnet 18
William Shakespeare (page67) Shall I compare thee to a summer’ s day? Thou art more love ly and more tempe rate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as a man can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives live to thee.
❤Plot: arrangement of happenings or a planned sequence of
interrelated actions. Plot should have a rising action, a climax and a falling action.
❤Setting: in drama serves to place the action in a specific time and
History plays
• • • • • • • • • •
2 Henry VI 3 Henry VI 1 Henry VI Richard III Richard II
King John 1 Henry IV 2 Henry IV Henry V Henry VIII
Hamlet 哈姆雷特
The introduction of Shakespeare
3) No one knows the exact appearance of Shakespeare up to now, because there were no pictures of him left after his death. The portraits of Shakespeare that we can see today are just painted by people partly using their imagination.
Tragedies • • • • • Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶 Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Othello奥赛罗 Four Great Tragedies King Lear李尔王 Macbeth麦克白
Comedies • • • • • • The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦 Twelfth Night 第十二夜 As You Like It 皆大欢喜 All’s Well That Ends Well 终成眷属 Much Ado about Nothing 无事生非
Hamlet ——major character list
• • • • • • • • • Hamlet Claudius Gertrude Polonius Horatio Ophelia Laertes Fortinbras The Ghost
Hamlet
The most famous soliloquy is perhaps “to be or not to be” in Act III, Scene I, Hamlet.
❤Soliloquy -- Long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage. ❤Main Idea: This is an internal philosophical debate on the advantages and disadvantages of existence, and whether it is one's right to end his or her own life. It presents a most logical and powerful examination of the theme of the moral legitimacy of suicide in an unbearably painful world.
译文：能否把你与夏日相比？ 你却比炎夏更可爱温婉； 狂风摧残五月的蓓蕾， 夏日的时光何其短暂。 休恋那丽日当空， 转眼又云雾迷蒙； 休叹百花凋零， 摧残于无常即或天命。 而你如仲夏繁茂不凋谢， 你的美毫发无损； 死神也不敢在你的丽影里踯躅， 你将永生于不朽诗篇。 只要人能呼吸眼不盲， 这诗和你将千秋永恒。
The introduction of Shakespeare
2) Whatever his circumstances, Shakespeare's father and other family members did not deter him at the early age of eighteen from the adventure of marriage. His wife Anne Hathaway must, therefore, have been about eight years older than Shakespeare.
生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的 暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把 它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什 么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及 其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那 正是我们求之不得的结局。
Hamlet -- Hamlet’s soliloquy
• • • • 1564-1616 Stratford-on-Avon, England A Playwright, wrote at least 37 plays A poet, about 154 sonnets and several narrative poems • Started out as an actor
Sonnets（十四行诗） ❤Artistic Devices: • Figures of speech • Language • Sound of effect ❤Theme ( friendship, love and beauty)
❤
Long poems
❤Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》 the love story between the goddess of love— Venus and a young hunter Adonis ❤The Rape of Lucrece 《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Lucrece can’t bear the prince’s rape and commits suicide, then her husband revenges the prince.
Shakespeare’s works
154 sonnets
Shakespeare’s works
2 long poems 12 Tragedies 37 plays 14 Comedies 11History plays
Sonnets（十四行诗）
❤Sonnet: a poem consisting of 14lines with rhyme arranged according to certain definite scheme. ❤Sonnets commonly adopted by Shakespeare consist of three quatrains and a couplet, which we now generally called the Shakespeare sonnet or English sonnet.
Hamlet
• Hamlet is regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular and greatest play on the stage. • It is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the absurdness and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today.ts of Dramatic literature
❤Character: round character: dynamic, complex, many- sided.
flat character: static, two-dimensional, fixed and unchanging, can be summed up in one or two traits. Dramatic characters are realistic, non realistic, symbolic and stereotyped( fixed ,unchanging)
The introduction of Shakespeare
1)The exact date of his birth is not known. Two 18th-century antiquaries gave it as April 23, but without quoting authority for their statements. In any case his birthday cannot have been later than April 23, since the inscription upon his monument is evidence that on April 23, 1616, he had already begun his fifty-third year.