英文导游词中山陵

Dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum
Among all the historical and cultural attractions in NanJing ,the most favored highlight is Yatsen’s Mausoleum. Yatsen’s Mausoleum sits on the southern slope of the Purple construction began on March 12 ,1926 and was completed in 1929 when the remains of Yatsen was transported from Beijing and buried at the present site on June 1.
(生平)Dr Sun Yatsen, also named Sun Wen or Sun Zhong shan,he is the great forerunner of chinese democratic revolution. on october 12, 1866, Dr. sun was born in a peasant family in guangdong province. In 1905, he set up “Chinese Revolutionary League” in japan . he put forward the famous guiding principle- "Expelling Tartars ,Restoration of China, Establishment of Republic and equalization of land " and the three people's principles-"Nationalism, Democracy and People's livelihood. " .On october 10, 1911, the wuchang uprising broke out and Dr. sun was elected inrterim president of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces. on the following new year's day (january 1, 1912) Dr. sun took the oath of office in nanjing. from then on ,Dr. sun experienced yuan shikai's usurpation, the second revolution and so 1911 , Yatsen brought together the Chinese Revolutionary League and other revolutionary groups to form a stronger organization called the Chinese the first National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang in 1924,he developed the old Three People’s Principles to the new Three People’s Principles by adopting the policy of “alliance with Russia,cooperation with the Communist Party and assistance to peasants and workers. " In november 1924, in spite of his illness,Dr. sun went up to beijing to discuss state affairs with general feng yuxiang. Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on march 12, 1925.
（墓址的选择和设计） The location of the mausoleum was chosen by Dr. sun himself. here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. you may wonder: why was Yatsen buried in Nanjing instead of in his hometown or Beijing where he died
It is said that far before mr. sun took office in 1912, the abbot of lingu monastery had recommended him that his place is good for geomantic omen. On march 31,1912 Dr. sun resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the north china and the south china. one day of the early april, he went hunting with hu hanmin around the piety tomb of ming dynasty. Dr. sun was really so amazed by the beautiful environment that he said :
〝I wish I could be bestowed a piece of land by people and be buried here after my death". Surely,the reason he chose Purple Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the order to respect Dr. sun's wish, the Funeral Committee , including his wife song qingling and his son sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the mausoleum. They sponsored a competition for the
design of mausoleum. A young architect named lu yanzhi was honored to win the competition with his design and was appointed the chief architect and engineer for the project.
（孝经鼎） Yatsen’s Mausoleum was designed in the shape of a liberty bell,intending to remind people never to get look to the south. there is a octagonal stone platform in three level of with each enclosed by a stone railing.On the top level of the platform stands a the copper "ding" with two looped handles and two legs, weighing 5000 kilogram. It is meters high and its diameter is meters. It was presented by and all the students and faculty of Zhong shan University. one side of the "ding " is engraved with three characters "intelligence, humanity and brevity". These three words are the school instruction of zhongshan of the "ding "stands a hexagonal copper tablet on which dai jitao's mother's handwriting of the "filial piety" is engraved.
（博爱坊）Stepping on the steps, at the opposite side of the “ding”,we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns. the archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and meters in width. now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board. the word in english mean fraternity. they were written by Dr. sun yat-sen. These two words are quoted from a tang dynasty poet han yu's "fraternity is humanity " .Dr. sun devoted his whole life to democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence .So we can say that "fraternity" is the best generalization of his life.
（墓道）Further from the fraternity archway, there is a 480 meters long tomb avenue leading to the sides of the avenue are planted with pines,gingko and maple trees etc,having replaced the stone statues and animals before ancient tomb avenue in such a design may best embody ’s spirit and noble character.
（陵门）At the end of the tomb avenue stands a magnificent entrance is single-eaved and gable-roofed with bule-glazed tiles the front eave of the tower, Yatsen’s motto“The World Belongs to the People”can be often wrote them during his life as the wording for a scroll,because this is the lofty ideal that pursued all his life.
(碑亭)Now,we have passed the entrance tower, in front of us is the tablet pavilion. Erected in the middle of the pavilion is an eight meters high stele which was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters "Chinese Kuomintang buried premier sun here on june 1, 18th year of the republic of china". These words were written by one of the founder members of kuo min tang, tan yankai.
(石阶)Going out of the pavilion, we'll see numerous layers of steps. the people of nanjing often say that the steps in the mausoleum were as number as the stone lions on lugou bridge. so when coming here tourists usually ask, "how many steps on earth are there in the mausoleum" my friends, if you are interested you can count them.
(纪念堂)Ascending the steps,Now we are in front of the memorial hall and the coffin chamber. They are the major parts of the lintel of the memorial hall is inscribed with “nationalism,democratic rights and people’s livelihood”.A vertical plaque under the eave is inscribed with 4 characters “hao qi chang cun”meaning imperishable noble follow me into the memorial hall. In the center of the memorial hall sits the Italian white marble statue of Yatsen mounted on pedestal carved in bas-relief by Polish sculptor about his revolutionary surrounding walls are inscribed with the national constitution writeen by Yatsen.
(墓室)Behind the memorial hall, we have come to the coffin tomb is a half globe in shape. T。