北师大版高中英语必修一Unit 1 Lifestyles 讲义

Unit 1 Lifestyles 讲义
Lesson 1 A perfect day
1. 一般现在时
主要用于表示人、事物现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。

He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
他通常每天早上7点钟去上班。

The earth goes around the sun.
地球围绕太阳转。

表示永恒的真理，即使过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。

I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
我在小学就知道地球围绕太阳转。

在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，一般现在时可以代替一般将来时。

If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
如果他接受了这份工作，不久就会赚更多的钱。

在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。

在the more… the more… (越．．．．．．越．．．．．．)句型中，若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时。

The harder you study, the better results you will get.
你学习越用功，成绩就越好。

2. 现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

We are waiting for you.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。

)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

You are always changing your mind.
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find
B. is missing, don't find
C. has lost, haven't found
D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

练习
Lesson 2 Relaxing
难句解疑
1.I find painting or drawing very relaxing.
我发现画画使人放松。

句中relaxing作宾语补足语，动词find后经常跟形容词、动词的－ing形式、过去分词以及借此短语作宾
补。

例句：
1）I found the book very interesting.
我发现这本书很有趣。

2) She found herself in a different world.
她发现她来到了一个不同的世界。

3）When I came back, I found the dishes on the table untouched.
当我回来时，我发现桌上的菜没动。

2.drawing多指用线条及阴影所作的画，时各种图的总称，也可以指技术图纸，如engineering drawing 工程制图；painting 指绘画，常指油画和水彩画。

3.But it’s very stressful to wait for exam results.
等考试结果很令人紧张。

不定式短语在句子中作主语。

当不定式短语作主语时，it在句首作形式主语。

例：It is easy to make mistakes.
犯错误是容易的。

It is very important to learn a foreign language well.
学好一门外语很重要。

4.I really love playing the piano, but I can’t stand singing in front of the class.
我确实喜欢弹钢琴，但是我不喜欢在全班同学面前唱歌。

句中can’t stand 的意思为“不喜欢；不能忍受”。

例：1）I can’t stand the heat. 我忍受不了高温。

2）I cannot stand waiting any longer. 再等下去我可受不了啦。

Lesson 3 A volunteer teacher
一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。

例A：I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
（如明天下雨我就不来。

）
例B：My brother will leave for the United States next week.
（我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。

）
解说从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shall／will”。

关于“shal l／will”的用法，传统文法谈得很多，同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。

更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shall／will”的用法规则并不很一致，也不很严谨，所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则，相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了，你的“shall／will”的用法就可以中规中矩了。

①说或写都尽量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的简缩形（如用法例2、3）。

②要表达主语的“意志”，通常都用“will”（文法上称为意志将来。

）
例A：I won't see him again.
（我不愿意再和他见面。

）
例B：Who will go and help that poor old man?
（谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人？）
Mary will . （玛莉愿意。

）
③说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去，通常用“shall”。

例A：You shall not do that again.
（你不可以再做那样的事。

）
例B：He shall return that book tomorrow.
（明天他必须把那本书归还。

）
④第一人称问句使用“shall”。

例A：Shall I call you a taxi ?
（需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗？）
例B：Shall we tell her the truth ?
（我们可以把实情告诉她吗？）
⑤问句是“Shall…?”，答句就用“shall ~”；问句用“Will …？”，答句就用“will ~ ”。

例A：Shall you go to school tomorrow ?（你明天须要上学去吗？）
Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .（是的，我必须去。

我们明天有考试。

）
例B：Will you go to school with me tomorrow?（明天你要不要和我一道去学校？）
No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.（我不要。

我已定好要去郊游。

）
注：Let's …”的附加疑问通常使用“…, shall we ?”。

Let's have a rest, shall we?（我们休息一下，怎样？）
一般将来时除了使用“shall／will + V…”以外，也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。

1．be going to + V … （即将会……；打算将……）
例A：It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.（带一把伞去。

看样子就要下雨了。

）
例B：The Browns are going to move to Australia.（布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。

）
2．be about to + V （即将……，指紧接着要发生的动作。

）
例：Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.（我们等一下。

他即将会到达。

）
3．be + V-ing …（定于……，指接近的将来动作。

）
例：He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.（他定于明天早晨到香港去。

）
4．be + to V （定于……，指预定的将来动作。

）
例：She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.（她定于明晨九时到达这里。

）
5．V-（e）s （定于……，指接近的将来动作，但不如第3项主观。

）
例：He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
（他定于明天早晨到香港去。

——与（3）项的区别在于（3）项的动作是出自主语的决定，（5）项则不一定是出自主语的决定。

）
常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning （afternoon, evening）, next + 时间（next night, next Monday …, next week, month…, next summer…, next year）, in （the）future （将来），soon （不久之后），in +时间（in five days——再过五天，in two weeks——再过二星期），etc.
Lesson 4 City or country
难句解疑
1. That’s what people call the underground in London. (the tube) 就是人们对伦敦地铁的叫法。

句中what引导的从句为表语从句。

What 在从句中作从句的宾语，the underground in London 为从句的宾语补足语，what 在这里的意思为“……的”
例：1) This is what I want to tell you. 这就是我要告诉你的事。

2）China is not what it used to be. 中国已经是今非昔比了。

2. Usually it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.
通常地铁和拥挤，很难找到座位。

句中so…that为连词，引导结果状语从句。

请注意：1. so+形容词/副词2. so+形容词+a(an)+名词3. so+ many / few / little / much+ 名词。

so…t hat 还可以引导目的状语从句，引导目的状语从句时，从句谓语动词常有情态动词，如：can / could, will / would, may / might。

例：1）He works so hard that he often forgets to eat and sleep.
他工作很努力，以至于经常忘记吃饭睡觉。

2）He is so good a teacher that all his students like him very much.
他是一位好老师，他的学生都喜欢他。

3）He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
他摔了很多跤，以致浑身青一块紫一块。

3. I need to do that because I don’t get enough exercise otherwise.
因为每天运动量不够，我需要增加些运动。

句中otherwise 为副词，意思为“否则，不然”。

Otherwise 还有“除此以外”的意思。

例：楼上有些音乐声，除此以外，房子里静悄悄的。

4. We like to visit nice, quiet places far away from the city, and go walking where there are no shops, crowds or the tube.
我喜欢去那些远离城市、幽静、风光秀丽的地方，在没有商店、人群、地铁的地方漫步。

句中where为连词，引导地点状语从句，修饰动词go。

例：1) Sit where I can see you. 坐在我能看到你的地方。

2）We should go where we are needed most. 我们应该去最需要我们的地方。

5. After a big breakfast in my house, I walk out of the front door and I’, already at work.
饱餐一顿早饭之后，我走出家门，开始一天的工作。

句中be at work 意思为“在工作”。

介词at在这里表示“处于……状态”。

例：The country is now at war. 这个国家正在打仗。

I felt at a disadvantage. 我觉得处于不利地位。

6. W e don’t have the same work hours that office workers in the city have.
我们的工作时间和在办公室工作的人们不同。

句中that为关系代词，引导一个定语从句，修饰名词hours，在从句中作宾语。

有时我们也用as 代替that。

the same …that 更强调同一事物。

例：This is the same man that asked me for money yesterday.
那个人就是昨天向我要钱的人。

7.This meal included cakes and sandwiches, and tea was served to wash down the food.
这顿饭有蛋糕和三明治，用茶来把事物送下去。

句中wash down 的意思为“用水等吞送（食物等）”。

wash down还有“冲洗，流下”的意思。

例：The soil has washed down into the valley.
泥土被冲入了山谷。

8. In fact, the London Stock Exchange is believed to have started from these coffeehouses.
事实上，人们认为伦敦证券交易所的前身就是这些咖啡馆。

这句话等于In fact, people believe the London Stock Exchange has started from these coffeehouses. 在be believed后面跟动词不定式，to have started 为不定式的完成式。

常用句型有It is said/ expected/reported等+动词不定式。

例：Tom is believed to be the child they looking for.
人们认为汤姆就是他们要找的那个孩子。

The vase is believed to be worth a lot of money.
人们相信这个花瓶价值连城。

北师大版高一英语单元试卷
UNIT 1
一、英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. Now they are having a ______ discussion.
A. peaceful
B. peaceable
C. silent
D. quiet
2. After he retired from office, Rogers ______ painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
A. took up
B. saved up
C. kept up
D. drew up
3. Remember _____ the lights when you leave the house.
A. to turn off
B. turning off
C. to turn on
D. turning on
4. The evening party was well _____ and everyone had a good time in it.
A. organised
B. set up
C. put on
D. managed
5. The little boy entered the classroom without ______.
A. noticing
B. noticed
C. being noticed
D. notice
6. Look, ____ the children are having in the games!
A. what a fun
B. what fun
C. how funny
D. how fun
7. The visiting professor ____ to students _____ to meeting at time.
A. preferred giving lectures/ to being invited
B. preferred to give lectures/ to be invited
C. preferred to giving lectures/ rather than being invited
D. preferred giving lectures/ to be invited
8. Many people in the world are still ____ poverty now.
A. suffering from
B. suffered from
C. living
D. living by
9.It was ____ cold that they had to put on more clothes.
A. such a
B. such
C. so
D. so a
10. ---Have you read the timetable ? ---Yes . The train ____ at 10:12 p.m..
A. will start
B. is going to start
C. should start
D. starts
11. John _____ Peking University. Now he’s looking for a job.
A. graduated
B. graduated from
C. has graduated
D. graduates from
12. Now more and more workers __their free time trying to improve themselves at school or college.
A. take
B. cost
C. spend
D. pay
13. ---Did you sleep well last night?
---No, can you imagine ____ from too much noise while sleeping?
A. to suffer
B. suffering
C. to prevent
D. preventing
14. Don’t you realize it’s quite ___ the rule to have him here?
A. on
B. for
C. to
D. against
15. ----Beg your pardon! ---Oh, you _____ to me attentively. ----____, but my hearing is poor.
A. haven’t listened/ Yes
B. didn’t listen / No
C. weren’t listening/ Yes
D. can’t have listened/ No
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Telling the truth is a very good habit. If you 16 speak the truth, you can save yourself from a lot of 17 ! Here is a story of a man who did a lot of 18 things, but his promise to tell the truth 19 him.
Once a man came to a prophet（预言家）and said, “Oh, prophet, I have many bad 20. Which one of them should I 21 first？”The prophet said,“Give u p telling 22 first and always speak the truth. ”The man
promised to do so and went home.
At night the man was about to go out to steal. Before setting out , he thought for a moment about the 23 he made with the prophet. “24 tomorrow the prophet asks me where I have been, what shall I say？Shall I say that I went out 25？No, I cannot say that. But nor can I lie. If I tell the truth, 26 will start hating me and call me a thief. I would be 27 for stealing.”
So the man 28 not to steal that night, and gave up this bad habit.
Next day, he 29 drinking wine. When he was about to do so, he said to himself, “What shall I say to the prophet if he asks me what I did during the day？I cannot tell a lie, and if I speak the truth people will 30 me, because a Muslim is not 31 to drink wine.”And so he gave up the 32 of drinking wine.
In this way, 33 the man thought of doing something bad, he 34 his promise to tell the truth. One by one, he gave up all his bad habits and became a very 35 person.
16. A. always B. hardly C. sometimes D. never
17. A. time B. money C. trouble D. energy
18. A . great B. bad C. strange D. stupid
19. A. educated B. bothered C. tested D. saved
20. A. habits B. friends C. purposes D. collections
21. A. take in B. bring back C. give up D. depend on
22. A. stories B. truths C. reasons D. lies
23. A. plan B. secret C. promise D. mistake
24. A. Because B. Unless C. Since D. If
25. A. stealing B. drinking C. walking D. dancing
26. A. none B. someone C. anyone D. everyone
27. A. controlled B. admired C. punished D. killed
28. A. refused B. tried C. decided D. agreed
29. A. talked about B. felt like C. adapted to(适应) D. broke down
30. A. understand B. like C. hate D. respect
31. A. allowed B. encouraged C. invited D. advised
32. A. chance B. disadvantage C. adventure D. idea
33. A. wherever B. whenever C. whatever D. however
34. A. forgot B. doubted C. regretted D. remembered
35. A. good B. attractive C. practical D. generous(慷慨的)
二、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
In American schools there is something called Homecoming Day. Mary high schools and colleges with a football team have a homecoming game. This can be the most important event of the year except graduation or commencement(毕业典礼) day. Students plan homecoming day for many weeks in advance(预先).
Several days before Homecoming, students start to decorate(装饰) the school. There are signs to wish luck to the team, and many other signs to welcome all the graduates. Many people still come to Homecoming twenty or thirty years after their graduation.
The members of school clubs build booths(摊位) and sell lemonade, apples and sandwiches. Some clubs help to welcome visitors.
During the day people like to look for teachers that they remember from long ago. Often they see old friends and they talk together about those happy years in school.
Everyone soon comes to watch the football game. When the game is half over, the band comes onto the field and
plays school songs. Another important moment is when the Homecoming Queen or King appears. All the students vote a most popular student Homecoming Queen or King. It is a great honor to be chosen.
Homecoming is a happy day, but it is not perfect unless the football team wins the game. Even if the team loses, the students still enjoy Homecoming . Some stay at the school to dance, and others go to a party.
For everyone it is a day worth remembering.
36.The most important event of the year in high schools and colleges is ______.
A. Homecoming
B. the football game
C. graduation
D. winning the game
37. When do students begin to arrange everything for Homecoming?
A. The day before Homecoming .
B. Many weeks before the day.
C. When the guests arrive.
D. In the days before Homecoming.
38. Which of the following is NOT done on Homecoming ?
A. To see old friends.
B. To call on teachers they remember.
C. To watch the football game.
D. To go home to see their family.
39. Who can probably become Homecoming Queen or King ?
A. The student who is liked most by the others.
B. The guest who is most popular with the students.
C. The student who is most liked by the guests.
D. The player who plays best in the football game.
B
Can you communicate with others when you live in a foreign country with no or little knowledge of its language? Of course, it is possible. You can communicate your moods and intentions to one another without words, because all human beings share a lot of common visual（看见的）signals. These signals are as effective（有效的）as words during communication.
The gestures of the head play a key role in body language. The movements of eyes and eyebrows are as important as head movements in body language.
Besides the gestures of the head or the movements of the eyes and eyebrows, the action of arms, hands and legs is also a large part of body language. Extending one's arm and shaking hands with others is a greeting in both formal and informal cases. This part of body language might date back to primary tribes（原始部落）.
Like handshaking, there are still many other forms of body language presented by hands. Raising one's hand and making a circle with his thumb（拇指）and for finger signals, that something is OK. Clasped（握紧的）hands raised above the head, a traditional picture accepted by sportsmen after winning a fight, is a display of triumph that grows out of a kind of feeling following a victory. Waving one's hands, a speaker can make his words more powerful and vigorous（有活力的）.
Besides hand gestures, there are times when a person says something with his legs as well as with his head and eyes. The leg gestures often reflect one's attitude towards something or someone that person is with.
According to the above facts, body language has offered a more reliable（可靠的）way to understand one's mind by means of gestures. Though it is soundless and wordless, once you understand it, you will feel the world is bigger than you realized.
40. Which of the following is the proper title for this passage?
A. Body Language
B. How to Communicate with the People around You
C. The History of Body Language
D. Gestures And Languages
41．After reading the passage we can conclude that ________.
A. hand shaking suggests that the speaker is excited
B. head plays a less important part in body language
C. actors and actresses are good at gestures
D. people began to use body language long long ago
42．What's the characteristic（特点、特征）of body language?
A. Soundless and wordless.
B. Difficult to understand.
C. Powerful and vigorous.
D. Effective and normal
43．When sports men win a match, they probably ________.
A. clasp their hands to announce their victory
B. clasp their hands to express their excited feeling
C. have a picture taken as soon as possible
D. show a sign of thankfulness
C
Paul couldn’t sleep last night. He woke up early and sat up, and then he lay down again. He felt terrible. “I must be sick,” he thought. “but I must study for that test.”
He got up and looked for his history notebook. He finally found it under a pile of clothes on a chair. He went over his history notes, but he couldn’t remember any of the facts in the notes. “What shall I do?” he thought. He felt terrible.
Just then Paul’s telephone rang. He put down his notebook and picked up the telephone.
“Good morning,” Jack’s voice said, “You must be wrong about that test.”
“What do you mean?” Paul asked weakly.
“We’re not going to have the test today.” Jack said. “I wrote down the date in my notebook. The test will be next Wednesday; it isn’t today. How do you feel this morning?”
“Fine,” said Paul. “Just fine!” Suddenly he really felt fine.
44. Paul felt uneasy because he _________
A. was seriously ill.
B. was too tired.
C. was worried about the coming test.
D. couldn’t find his history notebook.
45. It seemed that Paul __________
A. was good at history.
B. liked to study history.
C. lost interest in history.
D. was ready for the history test.
46. What made Paul feel fine at once?
A. The telephone call.
B. the coming test.
C. Jack’s notebook
D. The fact that the test was not to be given that day.
47. “How do you feel this morning?” From this question we can see Jack ________
A. knew Paul.
B. knew Paul very well.
C. wanted to help Paul with his history.
D. would lend Paul his notebook..
48. We can guess from the passage that _____________
A. Jack was as poor at history as Paul.
B. Jack was as good at history as Paul.
C. Jack was better at history than Paul.
D. Jack was poorer at history than Paul.
高一英语单元试卷
UNIT 1
KEYS
1-5 AAAAC 6-10 DAACD 11-15 BCBDC
16-20 ACBDA 21-25 CDCDA 26-30 DCCBC 31-35 ADBDA
36-40 CBDAA 41-45 DABCD 46-50 CCCCD 51-55 BABDA
My Opinion on Copying Other s’ Homework
It is known to us all that some students copy others’ homework.
As students, we have to do plenty of homework both at school and at home, but sometimes we have too much homework which is too difficult for us. On the other hand, some students are lazy, and are not interested in their lessons, nor do they work hard. So in order to finish the assignments and please their teachers, some students copy other s’ homework.
In my opinion, it is wrong to copy others’homework because it breaks the rules of the schools. We should be honest and try to finish our homework by ourselves instead of by copying. If you have trouble doing your homework you can ask your classmates or teachers for help.。