2018年广东省中考英语真题(阅读理解)

2018年广东省中考英语真题（阅读理解）
一、阅读理解（共9题；共80分）
1.阅读下列短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。

Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that
junk(垃圾)has become a problem in outer space too.
According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes (望远镜). There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.
To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.
To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
Many scientists also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.
The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers,” says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space Researcher.
“The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,” he says.
（1）What does th e underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Telescopes.
B. Satellites.
C. Pieces of space junk.
D. BBC news reports.
（2）Why is space junk considered a problem?
A. It burns up after it re-enters the atmosphere
B. It often stops the view of telescopes on Earth
C. It could force new space tools to travel at slower speeds
D. It may crash into other space tools causing damage or deat
（3）Countries want future space tools to be able to fall back into the earth's atmosphere so that .
A. the tools can be reused later
B. the tools don't become space junk
C. the earth's atmosphere can stay clean
D. the effects of space flight can be studied
（4）How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk?
A. Catch it with nets.
B. Use robots to collect it.
C. Burn it in the earth's atmosphere.
D. Send it further away from the earth.
（5）In which section of the newspaper would you probably read this article?
A. Environment.
B. Local News.
C. Education.
D. Fashion.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）B
（5）A
2.阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

C
The 14th Chinese Language Competition attracted about 1,100 children from kindergarten kids to high school students. The children from different languages and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco and competed in events like Chinese Calligraphy（书法）, drawing and Chinese poetry recital（背诵）.
Thomson, an 11th-grade boy from Justin-Siena High School in Napa city of California, has studied Chinese language for three years. It was hard for him to learn Chinese at the beginning, because it was one of the most difficult languages in the world. However, the writing of Chinese characters is a form of art, which made him feel different. "It's amazing to see how attractive Chinese culture is." he said.
Julie, a 12th-grade girl shared her similar experience of learning Chinese for four years. When recalling her trip in Beijing and Shanghai, she expressed huge interest in shared bikes. "The shared bike is known as one of the new 'Great Inventions' of China, along with China's Express Railway and Alipay online payment system. They amaze the whole world as part of China's rapid rise."
According to the hosting organization, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University, the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids. It aimed to set a platform to present （展示）their Chinese language and culture talents. It also helped to deepen the understanding of young Americans about the Chinese culture and history.
（1）Where was the 14th Chinese Language Competition held?
A. In Beijing.
B. In Shanghai.
C. In Napa city.
D. In San Francisco.
（2）What is among the new "Great Inventions" of China according to the passage?
A. Railway.
B. Paper making.
C. The shared bike.
D. Chinese calligraphy.
（3）Which statement is TRUE about the competition?
A. All college students took part in it.
B. It was not only for overseas Chinese kids.
C. It was hosted by Justin-Siena High School.
D. Students competed in different languages.
（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A. Chinese Culture Talent Show Presented.
B. New "Great Inventions" Made in China.
C. Chinese Language Competition Held Again.
D. Ways to Learn the Chinese Language Shared.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）C
3.阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

E
Artificial intelligence（人工智能）, or AI in short, is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.
AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result, facial recognition（识别）is used a lot
in the world. Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals（罪犯）.Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the ID of ride-hailing（网约车）drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.
AI is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street, but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them "speak" to humans. The system can show what self-driving cars will do. For example, if a driverless car is yielding（让路）, it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.
Service Robots also show you know powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner, he teaches you to play the piano, just like a real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.
AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.
（1）What does the underlined word "identify" mean in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. To let somebody know his mistakes.
B. To come to realize and tell who is who.
C. To take somebody to the police station.
D. To inform somebody of something important.
（2）According to the passage, what is facial recognition used for?
A. Driving cars.
B. Making people smile.
C. Calling the police.
D. Checking people's information.
（3）Which technology has been used in real life according to the passage?
A. Service Robots at school.
B. Robots as ride-hailing drivers.
C. Facial recognition for payment.
D. Light signals for self-driving cars.
（4）What can we learn from the passage?
A. People use AI in many different ways.
B. AI will take the pace of human beings in all jobs.
C. Self-driving cars will be able to talk like humans.
D. A criminal was caught for inventing facial recognition.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
4.阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A
When you go on a vacation, the hotel you choose and the room you stay in are important. There are many cool theme（主题）hotel rooms around the world. Here are some of them.
（1）What can guests do during their stay at the George Castle Hotel?
A. Visit a movie studio.
B. Have a private spa.
C. Enjoy a movie night.
D. Play an adventure game.
（2）Who is most likely to choose the Adventure Island Hotel?
A. Kids who love Disneyland.
B. Kids who love pirate stories.
C. Adults who love castle tours.
D. Adults who love watching movies.
（3）What is the possible choice for a super fan of Hollywood movies?
A. The Wensley Hotel.
B. Hotel de Glace.
C. The George Castle Hotel.
D. The Adventure Island Hotel.
（4）Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A storybook.
B. A history book.
C. A science book.
D. A travel guide book.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
5.阅读下列短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。

For his eleventh birthday, Lin was given
a gift that would shape his life. On that day his father took him to the Children's Activity Centre and said he could choose any course that interested him. There was just one requirement: Lin would have to promise to study it for at least one year.
To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more than a week or two. His mum once gave him a bag of stamps to encourage stamp collecting. That hobby lasted a week. Then his father got him some paints hoping that Lin's artistic side would shine through. Those paints were now under his bed, still unopened. This time Lin's parents would let him decide.
Lin's eyes moved down the noticeboard that listed all the courses on offer. He stopped at "Photography". He liked the idea of taking beautiful pictures but the notice said that each student needed their own camera. Although Lin's family weren't poor, they weren't rich either, and a camera cost a lot of money. He continued looking.
The next course to catch his eye was "Language Art". He didn't even know what that meant. His father explained that it taught people how to make public speeches. Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse.
Then he saw it. "Cooking" sounded like something he'd like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, it could
be done alone and it was also creative.
Based on Lin's hobby history, his dad had doubts, but he agreed. Much to his parents' surprise, Lin kept his promise. He studied cooking at the Centre every Saturday, and practised at home, making delicious meals for his family. Everyone looked forward to birthdays, when they could eat his cakes. Lin got great satisfaction from the pleasure his food brought to others.
The months turned to years but his hobby never changed again.
Now Lin is an adult and runs a successful restaurant. When customers say they enjoy his meal, he still gets the same pleasure he did as a child, and remembers the special gift he received all those years ago.
（1）Why didn't Lin choose to study photography?
A. It was too expensive.
B. He had no interest in it.
C. He was not very creative.
D. It was not offered that term.
（2）The underlined expression "catch his eye" in Paragr aph 4 means “”.
A. make him excited
B. cause him surprise
C. get his attention
D. help him see clearly
（3）Which of the following best describes Lin's interest in cooking?
A. It only lasted for a short time.
B. It seemed to match his character.
C. It was forced on him by his parents.
D. It developed slowly over many months.
（4）Why did the father have doubts about Lin's choice of cooking?
A. Lin wasn't good at cooking.
B. Cooking wasn't very convenient.
C. He didn't think Lin would continue.
D. Cooking wasn't a good hobby for a boy.
（5）What's the best title for the passage?
A. A Strict Father
B. A Changeable Boy
C. The Fun of Cooking
D. The Birthday Gift
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）C
（5）D
6.阅读下列短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。

Experts believe that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants, as we know them, have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. That is, there were no places that provided the restaurant experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere.
There were eating places travellers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private cooks. But none of them could be called a “restaurant”.
A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups(汤). On his sign he used the word "restaurant" to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups were considered something that could help "restore"(恢复)your health- in French the word "restore" is “restaurer”--- so he called the soups "restaurants". Soon, people started buying Boulanger's soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word "restaurant" to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More "restaurants" opened in France, and people began to buy soups more often.
Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. The United States offered coffee shops. Tea houses became popular throughout China. Paris created beautiful restaurants for the rich. The British began to copy the French, and the restaurant idea spread throughout the British Empire.
Today cities are filled with all types of restaurants. Diners have millions of options from which to choose. （1）What is the passage mainly about?
A. How restaurants developed
B. What made a good restaurant.
C. Who created the first restaurant
D. Why restaurants became popular.
（2）According to the first paragraph, what made restaurants different from earlier eating places?
A. Restaurants only served food
B. Restaurants were more expensive
C. Restaurants were mainly in cities
D. Restaurants had a list of meal choices
（3）Who did Boulanger expect to come and eat at his restaurant?
A. Rich people
B. Sick people.
C. Travellers.
D. Workers.
（4）When it was first used, what did the word "restaurant" refer to?
A. A person.
B. A place.
C. Illness.
D. Soup.
（5）When did restaurants begin to grow internationally?
A. In the 1600s.
B. In the 1700s.
C. In the 1800s.
D. In the 1900s.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
7.阅读下列短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。

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We all know the story of Marie Curie and her many scientific achievements. But many other brilliant female scientists are far less well known. This book is a great introduction to the lives and works of some of the most important and up-to-now unknown women in science. Recommended for Ages:
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（1）How are the books on this webpage listed?
A. By price.
B. By popularity.
C. By reader's age.
D. By writer's name.
（2）What is true about the book Women in Science?
A. It is mainly about Marie Curie's history.
B. It lists all the important scientific achievements.
C. It includes women scientists that aren't famous.
D. It is mostly about the development of modem science.
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A. Women in science
B. First Big Book of How
C. A Really Short History of Nearly Everything
D. National Geographic's First Big Book of the World
（5）What is the main purpose of this webpage?
A. To sell books to young readers.
B. To attract new book club members.
C. To encourage students' interest in science.
D. To review books young readers might like.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
（5）A
8.阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

D
Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018—Shenzhen has become the world's first city to make all its public buses, about
16,359, run on electricity. A total of 12,518 taxis, or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones. "We will replace（替换）the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020." said Mr. Chen from the government.
"I have been a driver for twenty years," said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive e-buses a month ago. "We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the e-buses."
The city has built 8,000 charging poles（充电桩）and 501 bus charging stations. "A bus can be fully charged within two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet, even as the e-buses are entering and exiting the station." said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.
The use of e-buses and e-taxis plays an important role in improving air quality. In a year, the e-buses use 72.9 percent less energy than the traditional ones. The e-taxis save the energy of 119,000 tons of standard coal.
Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program (NNVP). In 2017, the city spent 3.3 billion yuan on e-buses and the charging equipment. The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or e-cars by reducing their payment.
（1）How many e-taxis were there in Shenzhen in January 2018?
A. 8,000.
B. 12,518.
C. 16,359.
D. 11,900.
（2）What is the influence of the replacement according to Mr. Guan?
A. It saves 72.9 percent energy.
B. It helps to improve air quality.
C. The bus station has become quiet.
D. People will pay more if they buy e-cars. ( )
（3）What can we infer（推断）from the passage?
A. It is not easy to be an e-driver.
B. Shenzhen is the first to use e-taxis.
C. 13 cities are in the NNVP besides Shenzhen.
D. There are 300 charging poles at each bus station.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. E-buses and e-taxis can save more energy in Shenzhen.
B. Shenzhen took part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program.
C. It is fast and convenient for the e-buses to be charged in Shenzhen.
D. Shenzhen is replacing its public buses and taxis with electric ones.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
9.阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

B
Last summer, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling to Alaska with two friends. On the way, his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on, and they would catch up with him soon.
Mac began to cycle alone. A few minutes later, Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. "Man, that's a big dog!" he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw immediately that it wasn't a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac's heart jumped. He searched and took out his can of bear spray（防熊喷雾）. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal. To Mac's relief（宽慰）, it fell back, shaking its head. A minute later, however, it was again by his side. It even attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back, only to quickly restart the chase（追赶）.
Mac was riding hard now. He waved and shouted at passing cars without slowing down.
At that moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They found a dog-like animal running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the "dog" was a wolf. Mac heard a large car behind him. He kept waving and shouting as the wolf was catching up closer. And the car did stop in front of him at the right time.
（1）Why was Mac riding alone?
A. He wanted to try his bear spray.
B. He liked riding alone all the way.
C. His friends were repairing the bike.
D. His friends returned for their tents.
（2）How did Mac feel when he realized a wolf was after him?
A. Calm.
B. Frightened.
C. Excited.
D. Painful.
（3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to（指代）?
A. The wolf.
B. The dog.
C. The can.
D. The cloud.
（4）How did Mac ask for help in the end?
A. By cycling hard.
B. By firing the spray.
C. By waving and shouting.
D. By running after the car.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C。