光纤传感器的基本原理及在医学上的应用.

2008年 9月中国医学物理学杂志 Sep .,2008

第 25卷第 5期

Vol. 25. No. 5

光纤传感器的基本原理及在医学上的应用

孙素梅 1, 陈洪耀 2, 3, 尹国盛 2(1. 漯河医学高等专科学校 , 河南漯河 462000; 2. 河南大学物理与电子学院 , 河南开封

475004; 3. 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 , 安徽合肥 230031

摘要 :目的 :本文的目的简要介绍光纤传感器的基本原理和简单分类 , 重点阐述传光型光纤传感器在医学的压力、流速、 pH 值等五方面的应用。方法 :光纤传感器基本原理是将光源发出的光经光纤送入调制区 , 在调制区内 , 外界被测参数与进入调制区的光相互作用 , 使光的强度、频率、相位、偏振等发生变化成为被

调制的信号光 , 再经光纤送入光探测器、解调器而获得被测物理量。光纤传感器按其传感原理可分为两大类 :一类是传光型传感器 , 另一类是传感型传感器。结

果 :目前在医学上应用的主要是传光型光纤传感器。光纤传感器主要优点 :小巧、绝缘、不受射频和微波干扰、测量精度高。医疗上的图象传输是传输型光纤传感器应用中很有特色的一部分。只需将许多光纤组成光纤束 , 就可以做成能有效地使图象空间量子化的传感器。自从光导纤维引入到内窥镜以后 , 扩大了内窥镜

的应用范围。光导纤维柔软、自由度大、传输图象失真小、直径细等优点使得各种内窥镜检查人体的各个部位几乎都是可行的 , 且操作中不会引起病人的痛苦与不适。其中光纤血管镜已应用于人类的心导管检查中。在进行激光血管成形术

时 , 血管镜可提供很多重要的信息 , 用以引导激光辐射的方向 , 选择激光的能量和持续时间 , 并可了解在成形术后的治疗效果。光纤内窥镜不仅用于诊断 , 也正进

入治疗领域中 , 例如用于做息肉切除手术等。微波加温治疗技术是当前治疗癌症

的有效途径 , 但微波加温治疗癌症技术的温度难以控制 , 而光纤温度传感器恰可以对微波加温治疗癌症的有效温度进行监测 , 从而使温度不致于过高杀死人体的正常

细胞 , 也不会过低达不到治疗目的 , 使癌细胞进一步扩散。光纤温度传感器在癌症治疗方面的研究和开发正日益兴起。结论 :光纤传感器作为一种优势明显的新型传感器在医学领域得到应用 , 为治疗疾病提供了一种崭新的方法。可以预见随着制作技术的日益成熟和器件性能的不断提高 , 不久的将来光纤传感器必将会进一步推动医学的飞速发展。

关键词 :光纤传感器 ; 测量 ; 医学 ; 应用中图分类号 :R312

文献标识码 :A

文章编号 :1005-202X (2008 05-0846-05

The Basic Principle and Applications on Medical of Fiber Optic Sensors

SUN Su-mei 1, CHEN Hong-yao 2, 3, YIN Guo-sheng 2

(1.Luohe Medical College, Luohe He'nan 462000, China; 2.China Physics and Electronics College, He'nan University, Kaifeng He'nan 475004, China ; 3.The An'hui Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Anhui 230031, China

Abstract:Objective:This article simply introduced the basic principle of fiber optic sensor and its application especially on medical in blood pressure, the speed of flow, the pH value etc. Method:The fiber optic sensor basic principle is the light which sends out the photo source sends in after the fiber optic the modulation area, in the modulation area, the outside was measured the parameter with enters the modulation area the light to affect mutually, causes the light the intensity, the frequency, the phase, the polarization to occur changes into the signal light which modulates, again passes through the fiber optic to send in the light detector, the demodulator obtains is measured the physical quantity. The fiber optic sensor may divide into two kinds according to its sensing principle:one kind is the light-passing sensor; the other is the sensing sensor. Result:At present, the main

application in the medicine is the light-passing fiber optic sensor. The main advantages of fiber optic

sensor are:exquisite, insulation, not influenced by the radio frequency and the microwave. The measuring accuracy is h igh. The image transmission in medical is the special part of

the application on the transmission modes fiber optic sensor. Only tie a plenty of fiber optic to composition fiber optics, we could make the sensor which can cause the image space

收稿日期 :2008-03-10

作者简介 :孙素梅 (1954-, 女 , 漯河医学高等专科学校物理教研室

副教授。 Tel :0395-296452713939575106; E -mail :

sunsumei2007@。

846--

中国医学物理学杂志第 25卷第 5期 2008年 9月

quantization effectively. After introduced the fiber optic in to the endoscope, the endoscope application scope has widened. The fiber optic is soft, more freedom, the transmission image is low distortion, and the diameter is thin. All the advantages above making each kind of endoscopies human body each spot are feasible, and cannot cause patient's pain and uncomfortable in the operation. Fiber optic blood vessel mirror has applied in humanity's cardiac catheterization inspection. When carries on the laser blood vessel forming operations, the blood vessel mirror may provide much important information. which could guide the direction of the laser radiation, choose laser's energy and the duration, and may understand the treatment result after the formed operation. Not only the fiber optic endoscope uses in diagnosing, but also is entering in the treatment