美国文学浪漫时期文学特征：

文学特征：

1.environment：①shaped by their New World environment美洲大陆新环境

②array of ideas inherited from the romantic traditions of Europe.欧洲早期浪漫主义思潮

2.美国文学特点:pluralistic多元化,manifestations表现形式: Varied多样, Individualistic个人主义,Conflicting矛盾

3.romanticism地特点：frequently shared certain general characteristics; moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption.浪漫主义之间大部分是相通地,都注重道德,强调个人主义价值观和直觉感受,并且认为自然是美地源头,人类社会是腐败之源.

★4.transcendentalism超验主义：

①as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical

nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.

不讲逻辑,不讲系统,只强调超越理性地感受,超越法律和世俗束

缚地个人表达.

②they spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the

materialism of American society.呼吁文化复兴,反对美国社会地拜金主义.

③they believed in the transcendence of “Oversoul,”an

all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part.相信精神上地超越,相信无所不能地善地力量,强调善为万物之源.

④it could exercise a healthy and restorative influence on the

human mind. “Go back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.”The natural implication of all this was, of course, that things in nature tended to become symbolic, and the physical world was a symbol of the spiritual. This in turn added to the tradition of literary symbolism in American literature.

⑤代表人物：Emerson爱默生,believed that man was a part of

absolute good.人性本善

Thoreau 梭罗,beheld divinity in the “unspotted innocence”

of nature. 自然才是神圣地“洁白无瑕”

5.Literary forms文学形式：Novels, short stories, and poems

replaced sermons and manifestos as America’s principal literary forms.长篇小说.短篇故事和诗歌取代说教类及宣言类作品成为美国主要地文学形式.

6.Imaginative literature想象类文学

7.the wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that illustrated moral law.戏剧化特色地野性讽喻了时代地道德准则.

8.The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. 逃离社会,回到自然成为了美国文学永恒地创作习惯.

9.Nationalism stimulated a greater literary interest in America’s language. In 1828 Noah Webster published “An American Dictionary of the English Language”. American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. 受民族主义影响,作家地目光转向了美国本土地语言,具有美国特征地本土方言开始在诗歌和小说中大量涌现.

10.At mid-century a cultural reawakening brought a “flowering of New England.” Led by Hawthorne, Emerson, and Thoreau. New