初中英语被动语态讲解 练习及问题详解

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实用标准文档

被动语态考点、热点回顾一、

【词汇辨析】across, through 穿过1.

指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流,穿across

They walk across the bridge. 过桥梁等。eg: 他们步行走过了这座桥。侧重从物体的内部空间穿过,动作是在物体内部

进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。through

他步行穿过公园。eg: He walks through the park.

”。sick“生病的2.ill,eg: Her mother was ill in bed. ill只在系动词后作表语sick 既可作表语eg: Her mother was sick in bed.

也可作定语eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.

若ill作定语,译为“坏的,恶劣的”

eg: an ill person一个坏人

sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的,想吐的“

eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.

【固定搭配】介词+ / 副词动词+ 名词/ 代词

make room for给.....腾出地方eg: We can make room for her at this table.

play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧eg: We can't play a joke on law.

speak highly of称赞eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.

say good bye to告别;告辞eg: I don't want to say good bye to them.

take an active part in积极参加eg: They take an active part in school activities.

take care of照顾;照料;注意eg: Could you take care of my plants while I'm on vacation?

【被动语态】

(一)语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如:Many people speak Chinese.

谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。

例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

(二)被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变

化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken

一般过去时:was/were+spoken

一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken

现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken

过去进行时:was/were being+spoken

文案大全.

实用标准文档

现在完成时:have/has been+spoken

过去完成时:had been + spoken

(三)被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁偷的)This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。

例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:

All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.

(五)含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成We can repair this watch in two days.

→This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.

(六)特殊情况

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

→I am never let to watch TV by mother.

3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

→(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

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