高度危险化学品过程安全管理

§1910.119 - Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals
§1910.119 –高度危险化学品工艺安全管理
美国劳工部
职业安全健康管理局
上海撷果商务咨询有限公司翻译
译者前言
过程安全管理，也称做工艺安全管理，是随着化学工业，更广泛地说，是随着流程工业（process industry）的发展而发展起来的。

历史上的很多重大事故，为过程安全管理的产生与发展，起了很大的推动作用。

如：1974年发生在英国Flixborough的事故，导致了28人死亡；1984年发生在印度Bhopal的事故，导致了超过2000人死亡；1988年发生在英国北海的Piper Alpha平台事故，导致了167人死亡。

为了控制这些危险化学品泄漏可能导致的火灾、爆炸、中毒危害，各国政府纷纷制定法令，如：英国的《重大事故危险控制法》（COMAH, Control of Major Accident Hazard）、美国的《高度危险化学品过程安全管理》法规、欧盟的赛维索指令（Seveso Directive）。

中国国家安全生产监督管理总局对过程安全非常重视，积极推动过程安全管理在化工行业的实施，制定了一系列的法规及标准，如：《关于加强化工过程安全管理的指导意见》、《危险化学品重大危险源监督管理暂行规定》、《化工企业工艺安全管理实施导则》等。

越来越多的国内企业意识到过程安全管理对于控制重大事故风险（major accident hazard）的作用。

这种趋势出现在2005年之后，调查Texas炼油厂爆炸事故的美国化学品安全委员会（CSB, Chemical Safety Board）指出：人身安全和工艺安全是有区别的，良好的人身安全绩效不意味着工艺安全风险得到了有效的控制；实施良好的工艺安全管理将有助于控制由于危险化学品泄漏而导致的火灾、爆炸、中毒等潜在重大事故风险。

对于国内企业，国家安监总局的法规和标准是实施过程安全的基础和指南，如：AQ/T 3034-2010 《化工企业工艺安全管理实施导则》。

同时，它山之石，可以攻玉。

一些西方国家颁布的一些工艺安全相关的法规及标准，为我们实施工艺安全可以提供有益的辅助。

这也是国家安监总局启动安全生产法规及标准对标工作的原因之一，来比较国内外的安全生产法规及标准，更好地推动国内的安全生产工作，提高安全生产水平。

为了帮助国内企业更好地实施过程安全管理，有效控制重大事故风险，撷果翻译了美国职业安全健康局（OSHA, Occupational Safety & Health Administration）所发表的《高度危险化学品过程安全管理》法规1（Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals）。

由于我们的水平有限，在翻译中存在很多的不妥当的地方，可能还有错误存在。

为此，我们特意将该标准的英文原文和翻译进行对照。

避免翻译错误可能导致误解，同时，如果您发现任何翻译欠妥之处或是错误，请随时告知，我们会进行定期的改进和更新。

您的任何反馈，可以发到以下邮件地址：jmzhao@。

我们会将提供有价值建议的人员列出在此翻译稿中，一并致谢！
另外2个重要的事项。

一是关于该翻译稿的版权，撷果不要求对于该翻译稿的版权，任何企业与个人，可以拷贝、保存和传播该翻译稿。

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赵建民
2013年10月13日
上海撷果商务咨询有限公司1英文原文称之为标准（standard）
目录
§1910.119 - PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS (4)
§1910.119 –高度危险化学品过程安全管理 (4)
APPENDIX A TO §1910.119 -- LIST OF HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS, TOXICS AND REACTIVES (MANDATORY) (28)
§1910.119附录A –高度危害化学品、有毒物质及反应性物质（强制性） (28)
APPENDIX B TO §1910.119 -- BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM AND SIMPLIFIED PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (NONMANDATORY) (36)
§1910.119附录B –流程框图及简化的工艺流程图（非强制） (36)
APPENDIX C TO §1910.119 -- COMPLIANCE GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT (NON-MANDATORY) (39)
§1910.119附录C –过程安全管理符合性指南及建议（非强制） (39)
APPENDIX D TO §1910.119 -- SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION (NONMANDATORY) (66)
§1910.119附录D –进一步信息来源（非强制） (66)
§1910.119 - Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals
§1910.119 –高度危险化学品过程安全管理
Purpose. This section contains requirements for preventing or minimizing the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals. These releases may result in toxic, fire or explosion hazards.
目的。

本标准包含了预防或减轻有毒、反应性、可燃、或易爆化学品灾难性释放的后果。

这些释放可能导致中毒、火灾或爆炸等危害。

1910.119(a)
Application.
适用范围。

1910.119(a)(1)
This section applies to the following:
此标准适用于：
1910.119(a)(1)(i)
A process which involves a chemical at or above the specified threshold quantities listed in Appendix A
to this section; 工艺中涉及本标准附录A所列出的化学品，其质量大于或等于规定的临界量；1910.119(a)(1)(ii)
A process which involves a Category 1 flammable gas (as defined in 1910.1200(c)) or a flammable liquid with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C) on site in one location, in a quantity of 10,000 pounds (4535.9 kg) or more except for:
工艺中涉及种类1可燃性气体（1910.1200(c)中明确规定）或闪点低于100 °F (37.8 °C) 的可燃液体，其质量大于或等于10,000镑(4535.9 kg) ，以下情况除外：
1910.119(a)(1)(ii)(A)
Hydrocarbon fuels used solely for workplace consumption as a fuel (e.g., propane used for comfort heating, gasoline for vehicle refueling), if such fuels are not a part of a process containing another highly hazardous chemical covered by this standard;
碳氢化合物燃料用只在车间作为燃料使用（如，丙烷使用于空调加热、汽油使用于机动车燃料），这些燃料不在涉及本标准中所适用的其他高度危险化学品工艺中使用；
1910.119(a)(1)(ii)(B)
Flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C) stored in atmospheric tanks or transferred which are kept below their normal boiling point without benefit of chilling or refrigeration.
燃点低于100 °F (37.8 °C) 的可燃液体，存储于常压储罐，或在未经冷冻的情况下低于其沸点进行输送。

1910.119(a)(2)
This section does not apply to:
此标准不适用于：
1910.119(a)(2)(i)
Retail facilities;
零售设施；
1910.119(a)(2)(ii)
Oil or gas well drilling or servicing operations; or,
石油或天然气钻井或服务；或，
1910.119(a)(2)(iii)
Normally unoccupied remote facilities.
通常无人值守的偏远设施。

1910.119(b)
Definitions.
定义。

Atmospheric tank means a storage tank which has been designed to operate at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5 p.s.i.g. (pounds per square inch gauge, 3.45 Kpa).
常压储罐：是设计用于从常压至0.5 p.s.i.g.（磅每平方英寸，3.45Kpa）的存储容器。

Boiling point means the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute (p.s.i.a.) (760 mm.). For the purposes of this section, where an accurate boiling point is unavailable for the material in question, or for mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point, the 10 percent point of a distillation performed in accordance with the Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products, ASTM D-86-62, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6, may be used as the boiling point of the liquid.
沸点：是14.7 p.s.i.a.（磅每平方英寸绝压，760毫米汞柱）压力下液体的沸点。

在此标准下，如果
无法找到物质的准确沸点，或混合物没有恒定沸点，可以使用按照ASTM D-86-62（石油产品馏分标准测试方法）测试所得到的10%馏程点，作为该液体的沸点。

ASTM D-86-62在标准1910.6中引用。

Catastrophic release means a major uncontrolled emission, fire, or explosion, involving one or more highly hazardous chemicals, that presents serious danger to employees in the workplace.
灾难性释放：是重大的、不受控制的泄漏、火灾或爆炸，涉及至少一种或以上的高危化学品，对厂内员工导致严重危害。

Facility means the buildings, containers or equipment which contain a process.
设施：是与工艺相关的建筑、容器或设备。

Highly hazardous chemical means a substance possessing toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties and specified by paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
（高度危险化学：品是具有有毒、易反应、易燃、或易爆特性，同时也包括在此标准(a)(1) 中的化学品。

Hot work means work involving electric or gas welding, cutting, brazing, or similar flame or
spark-producing operations. 热工作业：是涉及电焊、气焊、切割、钎焊或类似的其他产生火焰或火花的操作。

Normally unoccupied remote facility means a facility which is operated, maintained or serviced by employees who visit the facility only periodically to check its operation and to perform necessary operating or maintenance tasks. No employees are permanently stationed at the facility. Facilities meeting this definition are not contiguous with, and must be geographically remote from all other buildings, processes or persons.
通常无人值守的偏远设施：员工只是定期地来检查设施的运行状态并执行必要的操作或维护的工作。

没有员工长期值守在该设施。

满足这个定义的设施必须在空间上远离其他建筑物、工艺或人员。

Process means any activity involving a highly hazardous chemical including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling, or the on-site movement of such chemicals, or combination of these activities. For purposes of this definition, any group of vessels which are interconnected and separate vessels which are located such that a highly hazardous chemical could be involved in a potential release shall be considered a single process.
工艺：是指涉及高度危险化学品的任何活动，包括以下任一项或多项：使用、存储、制造、处理、或现场搬运。

在此定义下，任何一组相互连通的容器和可能与一个高度危险化学品潜在释放相关的一组不相互连通的容器，都应当视为一个单独的工艺。

Replacement in kind means a replacement which satisfies the design specification.
同类替换：是满足设计规格的替换。

Trade secret means any confidential formula, pattern, process, device, information or compilation of information that is used in an employer's business, and that gives the employer an opportunity to obtain
an advantage over competitors who do not know or use it. See Appendix E to § 1910.1200—Definition
of a Trade Secret (which sets out the criteria to be used in evaluating trade secrets).
商业机密：是指任何用于雇主商业活动中的机密配方、模式、工艺、设备、信息或者经处理的信息，这些信息可以使雇主获得相对于不知道或不使用这些信息的竞争对手更多的优势。

参见标准§ 1910.1200附录E —机密商业定义（此部分设定了商业机密的评估标准）。

1910.119(c)
Employee participation.
员工参与。

1910.119(c)(1)
Employers shall develop a written plan of action regarding the implementation of the employee participation required by this paragraph.
雇主应制定书面的行动计划，规定如何实施本段中关于员工参与的要求。

1910.119(c)(2)
Employers shall consult with employees and their representatives on the conduct and development of process hazards analyses and on the development of the other elements of process safety management in this standard.
雇主应咨询员工及员工代表，如何实施工艺危害分析及本标准所要求的其它过程安全管理要素。

1910.119(c)(3)
Employers shall provide to employees and their representatives access to process hazard analyses and
to all other information required to be developed under this standard.
雇主应为员工及员工代表提供便利，获取危害工艺分析及其它本标准所要求开发的所有信息。

1910.119(d)
Process safety information. In accordance with the schedule set forth in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the employer shall complete a compilation of written process safety information before conducting any process hazard analysis required by the standard. The compilation of written process safety information is to enable the employer and the employees involved in operating the process to identify and understand the hazards posed by those processes involving highly hazardous chemicals. This process safety information shall include information pertaining to the hazards of the highly hazardous chemicals used or produced by the process, information pertaining to the technology of the process, and information pertaining to the equipment in the process.
工艺安全信息。

依照这个标准中(e)(1)段设定的计划表，雇主在执行在此标准下要求的任何工艺危害分析之前，应整理出完整书面的工艺安全信息。

完整的书面工艺安全信息有助于雇主和与工艺操作有关的员工识别、了解高度危险化学品工艺中的危害。

工艺安全信息应包含工艺中所使用或产生的高度危险化学品的危害信息，工艺技术信息、和工艺设备信息。

1910.119(d)(1)
Information pertaining to the hazards of the highly hazardous chemicals in the process. This information shall consist of at least the following:
工艺相关的高度危险化学品危害信息。

这些信息应当至少包含：
1910.119(d)(1)(i)
Toxicity information;
毒性信息；
1910.119(d)(1)(ii)
Permissible exposure limits;
允许暴露限值；
1910.119(d)(1)(iii)
Physical data;
物理数据；
1910.119(d)(1)(iv)
Reactivity data
反应性数据；
1910.119(d)(1)(v)
Corrosivity data;
腐蚀性数据；
1910.119(d)(1)(vi)
Thermal and chemical stability data; and
热稳定及化学稳定性数据；和
1910.119(d)(1)(vii)
Hazardous effects of inadvertent mixing of different materials that could foreseeably occur.
在可预见的情况下，由于疏忽将几种不同的化学物质的混合而产生的危害。

Note: Safety data sheets meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200(g) may be used to comply with this requirement to the extent they contain the information required by this subparagraph.
备注：如果符合29 CFR 1910.1200(g)要求的安全数据表包含了这个子段落要求的信息，可以用于符合本标准的要求。

）
1910.119(d)(2)
Information pertaining to the technology of the process.
工艺技术相关信息。

1910.119(d)(2)(i)
Information concerning the technology of the process shall include at least the following:
（工艺技术相关信息应当至少包括：
1910.119(d)(2)(i)(A)
A block flow diagram or simplified process flow diagram (see Appendix
B to this section);
流程框图或简化的工艺流程图（见本标准附录B）；
1910.119(d)(2)(i)(B)
Process chemistry;
工艺化学；
1910.119(d)(2)(i)(C)
Maximum intended inventory;
最大期望库存；
1910.119(d)(2)(i)(D)
Safe upper and lower limits for such items as temperatures, pressures, flows or compositions; and,
温度、压力、流量或组成等参数的安全区间（上限及下限）；和，
1910.119(d)(2)(i)(E)
An evaluation of the consequences of deviations, including those affecting the safety and health of employees.
偏离正常工况的后果评估，包括对员工安全和健康的影响。

1910.119(d)(2)(ii)
Where the original technical information no longer exists, such information may be developed in conjunction with the process hazard analysis in sufficient detail to support the analysis.
如果找不到原始技术信息，可以在工艺危害分析的同时开发这些信息，详细到可以为分析所用就行。

1910.119(d)(3)
Information pertaining to the equipment in the process.
工艺设备相关信息。

1910.119(d)(3)(i)
Information pertaining to the equipment in the process shall include:
工艺设备相关信息应当至少包括：
1910.119(d)(3)(i)(A)
Materials of construction;
设备材质；
1910.119(d)(3)(i)(B)
Piping and instrument diagrams (P&ID's);
管道仪表图流程图；
1910.119(d)(3)(i)(C)
Electrical classification;
电气危险区域划分；
1910.119(d)(3)(i)(D)
Relief system design and design basis;
放空系统设计和设计基础；
1910.119(d)(3)(i)(E)
Ventilation system design;
通风系统设计；
1910.119(d)(3)(i)(F)
Design codes and standards employed;
所使用的设计规范和标准；
1910.119(d)(3)(i)(G)
Material and energy balances for processes built after May 26, 1992; and,
1992年5月26日之后的建设的工艺应当提供物料及能量平衡表；和，
1910.119(d)(3)(i)(H)
Safety systems (e.g. interlocks, detection or suppression systems).
安全系统（如，连锁、检测或抑制系统）。

1910.119(d)(3)(ii)
The employer shall document that equipment complies with recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices.
雇主应当提供书面材料，证明设备符合公认并通常接受的良好工程惯例。

1910.119(d)(3)(iii)
For existing equipment designed and constructed in accordance with codes, standards, or practices that are no longer in general use, the employer shall determine and document that the equipment is designed, maintained, inspected, tested, and operating in a safe manner.
对于现存的设备，按照现在已经不再使用的规范、标准或惯例进行的设计和建造，雇主应当确定，并提供书面材料证明该设备的设计、维护、检测、测试以及操作是安全的。

1910.119(e)
Process hazard analysis.
工艺危害分析。

1910.119(e)(1)
The employer shall perform an initial process hazard analysis (hazard evaluation) on processes covered by this standard. The process hazard analysis shall be appropriate to the complexity of the process and shall identify, evaluate, and control the hazards involved in the process. Employers shall determine and document the priority order for conducting process hazard analyses based on a rationale which includes such considerations as extent of the process hazards, number of potentially affected employees, age of the process, and operating history of the process. The process hazard analysis shall be conducted as soon as possible, but not later than the following schedule:
针对受这个标准监管的工艺，雇主应执行初次工艺危害分析（危害评估）。

工艺危害分析应与工艺的复杂性相称，并识别、评估、和控制工艺相关危害。

雇主应确定并书面记录各工艺危害分析实施的优先级，优先级的选择基于以下考虑，如：工艺危害的广度、潜在受影响的员工数、工艺年限、工艺操作历史等。

工艺危害分析应尽快执行，但不要迟于下列计划时间：
1910.119(e)(1)(i)
No less than 25 percent of the initial process hazards analyses shall be completed by May 26, 1994;
在1994年5月26日前应当完成不少于25% 的初次工艺危害分析；
1910.119(e)(1)(ii)
No less than 50 percent of the initial process hazards analyses shall be completed by May 26, 1995;
在1995年5月26日前应当完成不少于50%的初次工艺危害分析；
1910.119(e)(1)(iii)
No less than 75 percent of the initial process hazards analyses shall be completed by May 26, 1996;
在1996年5月26日前应当完成不少于75%的初次工艺危害分析；
1910.119(e)(1)(iv)
All initial process hazards analyses shall be completed by May 26, 1997.
所有初次工艺危害分析应在1997年5月26日前完成。

1910.119(e)(1)(v)
Process hazards analyses completed after May 26, 1987 which meet the requirements of this paragraph are acceptable as initial process hazards analyses. These process hazard analyses shall be updated and revalidated, based on their completion date, in accordance with paragraph (e)(6) of this standard.
在1987年5月26日之后完成的工艺危害分析，并满足此段的要求可以接受作为初次工艺危害分析。

这些工艺危害分析在完成之后应不断进行更新和重新验证，并满足此标准(e)(6)段的要求。

1910.119(e)(2)
The employer shall use one or more of the following methodologies that are appropriate to determine and evaluate the hazards of the process being analyzed.
雇主应使用合适的方法，对工艺危害进行确定和评估，可以使用下列方法中的一种或多种：
1910.119(e)(2)(i)
What-If;
假设分析法；
1910.119(e)(2)(ii)
Checklist;
检查表法；
1910.119(e)(2)(iii)
What-If/Checklist;
假设分析法/检查表法；
1910.119(e)(2)(iv)
Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP);
危害与可操作性分析(HAZOP)；
1910.119(e)(2)(v)
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA);
故障模式和影响分析(FMEA)；
1910.119(e)(2)(vi)
Fault Tree Analysis; or
故障树分析法；或
1910.119(e)(2)(vii)
An appropriate equivalent methodology.
恰当的等效分析法。

1910.119(e)(3)
The process hazard analysis shall address:
工艺危害分析应指出：
1910.119(e)(3)(i)
The hazards of the process;
工艺危害；
1910.119(e)(3)(ii)
The identification of any previous incident which had a likely potential for catastrophic consequences in the workplace;
识别先前发生过的事故，这些事故极有可能引起厂内灾难性后果；
1910.119(e)(3)(iii)
Engineering and administrative controls applicable to the hazards and their interrelationships such as appropriate application of detection methodologies to provide early warning of releases. (Acceptable detection methods might include process monitoring and control instrumentation with alarms, and detection hardware such as hydrocarbon sensors.);
适用的工程和行政控制措施和它们之间的关系，例如，使用适当的检测方式来提供化学品泄漏的早期警报（可接受的检测方式可能包含具有警报功能的工艺监控及控制仪表，和检测硬件如碳氢化合物传感器。

）
1910.119(e)(3)(iv)
Consequences of failure of engineering and administrative controls;
工程和行政控制措施失效的后果；
1910.119(e)(3)(v)
Facility siting;
设施选址；
1910.119(e)(3)(vi)
Human factors; and
人为因素；和
1910.119(e)(3)(vii)
A qualitative evaluation of a range of the possible safety and health effects of failure of controls on employees in the workplace.
控制措施失效后，可能导致厂内员工一系列的安全和健康影响，应对这一系列影响进行一个定性的评估。

1910.119(e)(4)
The process hazard analysis shall be performed by a team with expertise in engineering and process operations, and the team shall include at least one employee who has experience and knowledge specific to the process being evaluated. Also, one member of the team must be knowledgeable in the specific process hazard analysis methodology being used.
工艺危害分析应由熟悉工程及工艺操作的团队来执行，团队应包括至少一个员工，他了解所分析的工艺。

同时，团队成员中最少有一人必须熟悉所使用的特定工艺危害分析方法。

）
1910.119(e)(5)
The employer shall establish a system to promptly address the team's findings and recommendations; assure that the recommendations are resolved in a timely manner and that the resolution is documented; document what actions are to be taken; complete actions as soon as possible; develop a written schedule of when these actions are to be completed; communicate the actions to operating, maintenance and other employees whose work assignments are in the process and who may be affected by the recommendations or actions.
雇主应建立一个系统，对团队的发现及建议项能够做出快速反应；确保建议项能够及时解决并将解决方法用文档记录下来；用文档记录采取了何种行动项；尽可能快地完成行为项；开发行动项何时完成的书面计划；将行动项与以下人员进行沟通交流：操作、维护及其他与工艺相关的员工、受到建议项或行动项影响的员工。

1910.119(e)(6)
At least every five (5) years after the completion of the initial process hazard analysis, the process hazard analysis shall be updated and revalidated by a team meeting the requirements in paragraph (e)(4) of this section, to assure that the process hazard analysis is consistent with the current process.
在初次工艺危害分析完成之后，应至少每五年，由工艺危害分析团队进行更新并重新验证，工艺危害分析团队应符合本标准(e)(4)段的要求，确保工艺危害分析与当前的工艺是相符的。

）
1910.119(e)(7)
Employers shall retain process hazards analyses and updates or revalidations for each process covered by this section, as well as the documented resolution of recommendations described in paragraph (e)(5) of this section for the life of the process.
在工艺寿命期内，雇主应当保留以下文档：受本标准监管工艺的工艺危害分析及其更新及重新验证文档、本标准(e)(5) 段所要求的建议项解决方案文档。

1910.119(f)
Operating procedures.
操作规程。

1910.119(f)(1)
The employer shall develop and implement written operating procedures that provide clear instructions for safely conducting activities involved in each covered process consistent with the process safety information and shall address at least the following elements.
雇主应开发并实施书面化的操作规程，为每个受监管工艺的安全作业活动提供明晰的指示，操作程序应与工艺安全信息一致，应至少包括以下要素：
1910.119(f)(1)(i)
Steps for each operating phase:
各操作阶段的步骤：
1910.119(f)(1)(i)(A)
Initial startup;
初始开车；
1910.119(f)(1)(i)(B)
Normal operations;
普通操作；
1910.119(f)(1)(i)(C)
Temporary operations;
临时操作
1910.119(f)(1)(i)(D)
Emergency shutdown including the conditions under which emergency shutdown is required, and the assignment of shutdown responsibility to qualified operators to ensure that emergency shutdown is executed in a safe and timely manner.
紧急停车，包括在什么情况下需要紧急停车、合格的操作人员得到停车授权以确保紧急停车任务得到安全及时地执行。

1910.119(f)(1)(i)(E)
Emergency Operations;
应急操作；
1910.119(f)(1)(i)(F)
Normal shutdown; and,
正常情况下的停车；和，
1910.119(f)(1)(i)(G)
Startup following a turnaround, or after an emergency shutdown.
大检修后的开车，或紧急停车后再开车
1910.119(f)(1)(ii)
Operating limits:
操作限值：
1910.119(f)(1)(ii)(A)
Consequences of deviation; and
偏差的后果；和
1910.119(f)(1)(ii)(B)
Steps required to correct or avoid deviation.
纠正或避免偏离所需的步骤。

1910.119(f)(1)(iii)
Safety and health considerations:
安全和健康注意事项：
1910.119(f)(1)(iii)(A)
Properties of, and hazards presented by, the chemicals used in the process;
工艺中所用化学品的特性及危害；
1910.119(f)(1)(iii)(B)
Precautions necessary to prevent exposure, including engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment;
暴露防范措施，包括工程控制措施，行政控制措施，个人防护设备；
1910.119(f)(1)(iii)(C)
Control measures to be taken if physical contact or airborne exposure occurs;
直接身体接触或在空气中暴露应采取的控制措施；
1910.119(f)(1)(iii)(D)
Quality control for raw materials and control of hazardous chemical inventory levels; and,
原材料质量控制和危险化学品存量级别控制；和，
1910.119(f)(1)(iii)(E)
Any special or unique hazards.
任何特定危害。

1910.119(f)(1)(iv)
Safety systems and their functions.
安全系统及其功能。

1910.119(f)(2)
Operating procedures shall be readily accessible to employees who work in or maintain a process.
操作规程应易于被工艺相关员工获取。

1910.119(f)(3)
The operating procedures shall be reviewed as often as necessary to assure that they reflect current operating practice, including changes that result from changes in process chemicals, technology, and equipment, and changes to facilities. The employer shall certify annually that these operating procedures are current and accurate.
操作规程应经常复查，以确保它们能正确反映目前的操作实践，包括工艺化学品、技术、设备和设施变化所导致的变化，雇主应当每年证明这些操作规程是最新和准确的。

1910.119(f)(4)
The employer shall develop and implement safe work practices to provide for the control of hazards during operations such as lockout/tag out; confined space entry; opening process equipment or piping; and control over entrance into a facility by maintenance, contractor, laboratory, or other support personnel. These safe work practices shall apply to employees and contractor employees.
雇主应开发并实施安全工作规程，控制以下操作的危害，如：锁定/ 挂牌、受限空间进入，工艺设备或管道打开，并控制维修人员、承包商、实验室人员、或其他支持人员进入设施。

这些安全工作规程应当适用于员工和承包商员工。

1910.119(g)
Training.
培训。

1910.119(g)(1)
Initial training.
初次培训。

1910.119(g)(1)(i)
Each employee presently involved in operating a process, and each employee before being involved in operating a newly assigned process, shall be trained in an overview of the process and in the operating procedures as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. The training shall include emphasis on the specific safety and health hazards, emergency operations including shutdown, and safe work practices applicable to the employee's job tasks.
每一个员工，不管他当前参与某个工艺操作，或在将要参与一个新分配的工艺操作前，都应得到相应的培训：工艺的介绍及本标准段落(f)所要求的操作规程。

培训应强调与员工工作有关的特定的安全与健康危害、紧急操作规程（包括停车）、和安全工作规程。

1910.119(g)(1)(ii)
In lieu of initial training for those employees already involved in operating a process on May 26, 1992,
an employer may certify in writing that the employee has the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties and responsibilities as specified in the operating procedures.
对于在1992年5月26日前已经参与工艺操作的员工，如果不对他们进行初次培训，雇主应提供书面证明，这些员工已经具备所需的知识、技巧和能力进行安全作业，安全履行操作规程中所规定的职责。

1910.119(g)(2)
Refresher training. Refresher training shall be provided at least every three years, and more often if necessary, to each employee involved in operating a process to assure that the employee understands and adheres to the current operating procedures of the process. The employer, in consultation with the employees involved in operating the process, shall determine the appropriate frequency of refresher training.
温故培训。

针对每一个与工艺操作有关的员工，至少每三年，应提供温故培训，如果必要，频率应增加，以确保员工理解并遵守当前工艺操作规程。

雇主，通过咨询与工艺操作有关员工，应确定适当的温故培训频率。

1910.119(g)(3)
Training documentation. The employer shall ascertain that each employee involved in operating a process has received and understood the training required by this paragraph. The employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that the employee understood the training.
培训文件。

雇主应证明，与工艺操作有关的每一个员工都接受了并理解本段所要求的培训。

同时，雇主应准备相应的记录，其中包括员工身份、培训日期、检验员工理解培训内容的方法。

1910.119(h)
Contractors.
承包商。

1910.119(h)(1)
Application. This paragraph applies to contractors performing maintenance or repair, turnaround, major renovation, or specialty work on or adjacent to a covered process. It does not apply to contractors providing incidental services which do not influence process safety, such as janitorial work, food and drink services, laundry, delivery or other supply services.
适用范围。

本段适用于执行下列工作的承包商：维护或修理、大检修、重大更新、受监管工艺上或附近的特殊作业。

它并不适用于这样的承包商，他们偶尔的服务，不影响过程安全，如：看护工作、食品和饮料服务、清洗衣物、物流或其他供应服务。

1910.119(h)(2)
Employer responsibilities.
雇主责任。

1910.119(h)(2)(i)
The employer, when selecting a contractor, shall obtain and evaluate information regarding the contract employer's safety performance and programs.
雇主，在选择承包商时，应获取和评估承包商雇主安全业绩和程序的相关信息。

1910.119(h)(2)(ii)
The employer shall inform contract employers of the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to the contractor's work and the process.
雇主应告知承包商雇主与承包商工作及工艺相关的、已知的潜在火灾、爆炸或有毒化学品泄漏危害。

1910.119(h)(2)(iii)
The employer shall explain to contract employers the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan required by paragraph (n) of this section.
雇主应对承包商雇主进行解释，本标准(n) 段所要求的紧急行动计划适用条款。

1910.119(h)(2)(iv)
The employer shall develop and implement safe work practices consistent with paragraph (f)(4) of this section, to control the entrance, presence and exit of contract employers and contract employees in covered process areas.
雇主应依照本标准(f)(4)段的要求开发并实施安全工作规程，去控制受监管工艺内承包商雇主及员工的进入、停留、及退出。

1910.119(h)(2)(v)
The employer shall periodically evaluate the performance of contract employers in fulfilling their obligations as specified in paragraph (h)(3) of this section.
雇主应定期的评估承包商雇主的表现，是否按照本标准(h)(3) 段的要求完成了他们的职责。

1910.119(h)(2)(vi)
The employer shall maintain a contract employee injury and illness log related to the contractor's work in process areas.
雇主应维护承包商雇员与工艺区域作业有关的伤害、疾病记录。

1910.119(h)(3)
Contract employer responsibilities.
承包商雇主责任。

1910.119(h)(3)(i)
The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee is trained in the work practices necessary to safely perform his/her job.
承包商雇主应确保每个承包商员工都得到工作规程的培训，以安全地完成自己的工作。

1910.119(h)(3)(ii)
The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee is instructed in the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to his/her job and the process, and the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan.。