山东农大园艺专业英语部分单词表个人整理
（完整版）风景园林专业英语词汇
（完整版）风景园林专业英语词汇园林景观专业英语词汇规划planning草图sketch；rough map平面plan剖面section立面elevation透视perspective示意图diagram容积率coverage城市设计urban design; civic design区域规划regional planning步行轴ped axis总体规划general planning; master planning分区规划district planning近期建设规划immediate plan城市详细规划detailed planning控制性详细规划control detailed planning修建性详细规划site plan居住区规划residential district planning城市化urbanization城市生态urban ecology可持续发展sustainable development历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment开发区development area城市化水平urbanization level城市群agglomeration城镇体系urban system卫星城satellite town城市基础设施urban infrastructure居民点settlement市municipality; city生态基础设施ecological infrastructure牧场pasture市域administrative region of a city商业区commercial district行政中心administration center商业街commercial street科技园technological region校园规划campus planning城市中心区urban center district居住单元flat历史地段history district民政区域civil district水警区waters guard district居住区规划residential district planning 护林区ranger district 工业区industrial district林木种子公园tree seed orchard快速公路thruway城市美学urban esthetics游憩空间esplanade系统工程systems engineering城市更新理论urban renewal theory绿地/绿化带greenbelt绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage 绿地率ratio of green space工厂绿化landscaping within factory广场绿化landscaping of square居住区绿化landscaping of residential area谷底植栽场improved vegetation & wild life公共建筑绿化landscaping around public building 室内绿化indoor garden城市绿化urban virescence城市绿化系统urban green space system公共绿地public green space专用绿地specified green space防护绿地green buffer建筑空间architecture剧院show place; theater茶楼（馆）caff；tea shop专卖店monopolistic shop博物馆museum电影院cinema；movie house商场emporium; shopping mall体育馆palaestra青少年宫callan house; children’s palace图书馆library棋牌室relaxation room健身房gymnasium书店book store客厅parlor阳台balcony浴室bathroom合院式建筑courtyard building餐厅dining-room; dining hall入口entrance厨房kitchen屋顶roof小孩房kid room儿童游乐室/玩具室dollhouse起居室living room门廊porch更衣室change room休息室pavilion私家花园private garden居民resident共享地带shared zone工人房servants hall比例scale元素element会议中心conference center园林景观view of the garden乔木arbor灌木shrub铺石band stone地下车库car park bellow曲线形铺地curved paving bands庭园cartilage; Garth标志牌(sign) courtyard identification sign 庭院courtyard 瀑布fall步道footpath园桥garden bridge园林garden and park草本植物herbage藤本植物liane蔓本植物liana砌石natural cut stone铺地pave亭，阁pavilion榭pavilion on terrace植被planting花坛planting beds大广场plaza栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature 林荫树shade trees楼storied building小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪turf；grass园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地区waterfront茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula常用的景观英文1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.4.水景WATER FEATURE5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE6.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-17.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING)8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE11.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-212.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE15.休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER )16.休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER )17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD19.儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND20.旱冰道SLIDE21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN25.观景台VIEWING DECK26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL27.极可意JACUZZI28.嬉水池WADING POOL29.儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING WALL31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA34.桥BRIDGE35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMATION37.停车场PARING AREA38.特色花架TRELLIS39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL40.(高尔夫)轻击区PUTTING GREEN41.高尔夫球会所GOLF CLUBHOUSE42.每栋建筑入口ENTRANCE PAVING TO UNIT43.篮球场BASKETBALL COURT44.网球场TENNIS COURT45.阶梯***/种植槽TERRACING SEATWALL/PLANTER46.广场MAIN PLAZA47.森林、瀑布FOREST GARDEN WATERFALL48.石景园ROCKERY GARDEN49.旱溪DRY STREAM50.凉亭PAVILION51.户外淋浴OUTDOOR SHOWER52.拉膜结构TENSILE STRUCTURE53.台阶STAIR54.高尔夫球车停车场PARKING ( GOLF CAR )55.健身站EXERCISE STATION56.晨跑小路JOGGING FOOTPATH57.车道/人行道DRIVEWAY /SIDEWALK58.人行漫步道PROMENADE59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) WATER FALL AND DANCING FOUNTAIN ( ENTRY PLAZA )60.特色入口ENTRY FEATURE 61.石景广场ROCKERY PLAZA常用造价英语词汇估算/费用估算：estimate/cost estimate;估算类型：types of estimate;详细估算：是偏差幅度最小的估算，defined estimate;设备估算：equipment estimate;分析估算：analysis estimate;报价估算：roposal estimate;控制估算：control estimate;初期控制估算：interim control estimate/initial control estimate批准的控制估算：initial approved cost核定估算：check estimate首次核定估算：first check estimate二次核定估算：production check estimate人工时估算：man hour estimate材料费用/直接材料费用：material cost/direct material cost设备费用/设备购买费用：equipment cost/purchased cost of equipment散装材料费用/散装材料购买费用：bulk material cost/purchased cost of bulk material 施工费用：construction cost 施工人工费用：labor cost/construction force cost设备安装人工费用：labor cost associated with equipment散装材料施工安装人工费用：labor cost associated with bulk materials人工时估算定额：standard manhours施工人工时估算定额：standard labor manhours标准工时定额：standard hours劳动生产率：labor productivity/productivity factor/productivity ratio修正的人工时估算值：adjusted manhours人工时单价：manhours rate施工监督费用：cost of construction supervision施工间接费用：cost of contruction indirects分包合同费用/现场施工分包合同费用：subcontract cost/field subcontract cost公司本部费用：home office cost公司管理费用：overhead非工资费用：non payroll开车服务费用：cost of start-up services其他费用：other cost利润/预期利润：profit/expected profit服务酬金：service gains风险：risk风险分析：risk analysis风险备忘录：risk memorandum未可预见费：contingency基本未可预见费：average contingency最大风险未可预见费：maximum risk contingency用户变更/合同变更：cilent change/contract change认可的用户变更：approved client change待定的用户变更：pending client change项目变更：project change内部变更：internalchange批准的变更：authoried change强制性变更：mandatory change选择性变更：optional change内部费用转换：internal transfer认可的预计费用：anticipated approved cost涨价值：escalation项目费用汇总报告：project cost summary report项目实施费用状态报告：project operation cost status report 总价合同：lump sum contract偿付合同：reimbursible contract预算：budget02.1 总论2.0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture 2.0002 造园学garden making, landscape gardening2.0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术garden art2.0006 园林美学garden aesthetics2.0007 园林建筑学garden architecture2.0008 园林建筑garden building2.0009 园林工程garden engineering2.0010 园林植物landscape plant2.0011 观赏植物ornamental plant2.0012 盆景miniature landscape, penjing2.0013 园林garden and park2.0014 园林学史history of garden architecture2.0015 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning2.0016 园林设计garden design2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理garden management2.0019 园林生态landscape ecology2.0020 绿化greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening2.0022 绿地面积green area2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing 2.0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化mass planting movement2.0031 郊区绿化suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting 2.0034 堤岸种植bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening2.0041 花园garden2.0042 专类花园specified flower garden2.0043 花园村garden village2.0044 园林城市landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园rose garden2.0046 松柏园conifer garden2.0047 球根园bulb garden2.0048 宿根园perennial garden2.0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground2.0051 街心花园street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园petty street garden2.0053 水景园water garden2.0054 铺地园paved garden2.0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园rustic garden2.0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape 2.0059 动物园zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden2.0063 学校园school garden2.0064 室内花园indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园garden for the blind2.0067 公园park, public park2.0068 城市公园city park, urban park2.0069 区公园regional park2.0070 儿童公园children park2.0071 体育公园sports park2.0072 森林公园forest park2.0073 纪念公园memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park2.0075 综合公园comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park2.0078 中央公园central park2.0079 天然公园natural park2.0080 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园historic site park2.0082 河滨公园riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园lakeside park2.0084 路边公园roadside park, street park2.0085 娱乐公园amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园recreation park2.0088 疗养公园sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园national park2.0090 邻里公园neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园special park2.0092 植物园botanical garden2.0093 植物公园abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园tropical plants garden2.0096 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 2.0097 绿地green space2.0098 公共绿地public green space2.0099 单位绿地unit green area2.0100 城市绿地urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection 2.0104 郊区绿地suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地residential block green belt2.0106 附属绿地attached green space2.0107 生产绿地productive plantation area2.0108 苗圃nursery2.0109 风景landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观natural landscape2.0111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 2.0112 草原景观prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape 2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape2.0115 湖泊景观lake view2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观karst landscape2.0119 植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden 2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden2.0125 皇家园林royal garden2.0126 私家园林private garden2.0127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林Italian style garden2.0132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden2.0133 法兰西式园林French style garden2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden2.0137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊xystus2.0141 迷阵maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden2.0155 悬园Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park2.0158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景distant view2.0161 近景nearby view2.0162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place 2.0165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery 2.0166 漏景leaking through scenery2.0167 框景enframed scenery2.0168 尾景terminal feature2.0169 主景main feature2.0170 副景secondary feature2.0171 配景objective view2.0172 夹景vista line, vista2.0173 前景front view2.0174 背景background2.0175 景序order of sceneries2.0176 景点feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观downward landscape2.0179 季相景观seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery 2.0181 视野visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间garden space2.0184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间enclosure space2.0186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery2.0187 苍古antiquity2.0188 空灵spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观in-motion viewing2.0190 静观in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance2.0195 左右对称bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry2.0197 透景线perspective line2.0198 轴线axis, axial line2.0199 主轴main axis 2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors2.0204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony2.0205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出contrast colors accent2.0207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色warm color2.0209 冷色cool color2.0210 色感color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 2.0212 绿地系统green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局green space layout2.0216 吸引圈attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离attractive distance2.0218 有效半径effective radius2.0219 绿地资源green space resource2.0220 绿地效果green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space 2.0222 空间规划space planning2.0223 形象规划image plan2.0224 实施规划implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度usage frequency2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型type of green space2.0230 环状绿型annular green space2.0231 块状绿地green plot2.0232 点状绿地green spot2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地noise proof green space2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地reserve garden2.0239 公园规划park planning2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划site planning2.0242 园林分区garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区sports activities area2.0247 野餐区picnic place2.0248 散步区pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 2.0252 草坪区lawn space2.0253 绿荫区shade tree section2.0254 历史古迹区historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area 2.0256 诱鸟区bird sanctuary area2.0257 钓鱼区fishing center2.0258 野营区camp site2.0259 游人中心visitors center2.0260 服务中心service center2.0261 探险游乐场adventure ground2.0262 文化活动区cultural activities area2.0263 道路系统approach system, road system 2.0264 环形道路系统circular road system2.0265 方格形道路系统latticed road system2.0266 放射形道路系统radiate road system2.0267 自然式道路系统informal road system2.0268 规整式道路系统formal road system2.0269 混合式道路系统mixed style road system 2.0270 园林规划图garden planning map2.0271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction 2.0272 城市公园系统urban park system2.0273 公园分布distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型park type, park category2.0275 公园间距distance between parks2.0276 公园形式park styles2.0277 游览区excursion area, open-to-public area 2.0278 非游览区no-admittance area2.0279 办公区administrative area2.0280 服务区service center2.0281 动休息区dynamic rest space2.0282 静休息区static rest space2.0283 娱乐演出区entertaining performance place2.0284 主要入口main entrance2.0285 次要入口secondary entrance2.0286 人流量visitors flowrate2.0287 车流量vehicle flowrate2.0288 公园道路park road2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio2.0290 游人容纳量visitors capacity2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation 2.0292 风景学scenicology2.0293 风景规划landscape plan2.0294 风景设计landscape design2.0295 游览路线touring route2.0296 旅游资源tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质tourism geology2.0299 历史名城famous historical city2.0300 文化名城famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆natural open museum2.0303 风景地貌natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration 2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site 2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area 2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs 2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot 2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区river landscape district2.0315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot2.0316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot2.0317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design2.0331 造价分析cost analysis2.0332 园林形式garden style2.0333 规整式园林formal garden style2.0334 非规整园林informal garden style2.0335 几何式园林geometric garden style2.0336 自然式园林natural garden style2.0337 混合式园林mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style2.0339 马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden2.0340 园林区划garden area division2.0341 园林分区规划garden block planning2.0342 庭院花园courtyard garden2.0343 前庭front yard, forecourt2.0344 后庭back yard, rear yard2.0345 中庭patio2.0346 厨园kitchen yard2.0347 沉[床]园sunken garden2.0348 窗园window garden2.0349 墙园wall garden2.0350 宅园home garden2.0351 台地园terrace garden2.0352 冬园winter garden2.0353 切花园cut flower garden2.0354 屋顶花园roof garden2.0355 后花园back yard garden2.0356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden2.0357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound2.0358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork2.0359 太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone2.0360 黄石yellowish brown stone2.0361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone 2.0362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone2.0363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making2.0364 叠石stones laying2.0365 板石flag stone2.0366 散点石scattered stone2.0367 抱角石corner stone2.0368 屋基石foundation stone2.0369 排衙石guard stone2.0370 屏石screen stone2.0371 石岸rock bank2.0372 石阶stone steps2.0373 汀步stepping stone on water surface2.0374 附壁石stone appended to wall2.0375 石花台stone flower bed2.0376 石凳stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall2.0378 干砌石dry stone wall2.0379 假山石楼梯rock stairway2.0380 石亭stone pavilion2.0381 石洞stone cavern2.0382 石窟grotto2.0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout2.0384 拱石arch stone2.0385 拱顶石key stone2.0386 园林水景water scenes of garden2.0387 水体water body2.0388 水面water surface2.0389 水池pool2.0390 水塘pond2.0391 喷泉fountain2.0392 喷水池fountain pool2.0393 涉水池wading pool2.0394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool2.0395 睡莲池water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘high water table pond2.0399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool 2.0400 隐头喷泉secret fountain2.0401 岛园island garden2.0402 半岛园peninsula garden2.0403 小岛isle2.0404 瀑布waterfall2.0405 小瀑布cascade2.0406 湖lake2.0407 矶rock projecting over water2.0408 水帘洞water curtain cave2.0409 园桥garden bridge2.0410 拱桥arch bridge2.0411 石板桥stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥plank bridge2.0413 圆木桥log bridge2.0414 亭桥pavilion bridge2.0415 曲桥zigzag bridge2.0416 壁泉wall fountain2.0417 饮水喷头drinking fountain2.0418 植物配植plant arrangement2.0419 树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs 2.0420 群植group planting, mass planting2.0421 孤植specimen planting, isolated planting 2.0422 丛植clump planting2.0423 组植group planting2.0424 林植forest planting2.0425 列植linear planting2.0426 对植opposite planting, coupled planting 2.0427 环植circular planting2.0428 带植belt planting2.0429 散植scattered planting, loose planting 2.0430 边缘种植edge planting2.0431 边界种植boundary planting2.0432 整形种植architectural planting2.0433 基础种植foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植corner planting2.0435 景框种植planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植fence planting2.0438 障景种植screen planting2.0439 背景种植background planting2.0440 林下种植underwood planting2.0441 路边种植roadside planting2.0442 绿篱hedge2.0443 树墙espalier2.0444 庭荫树shade tree2.0445 园景树specimen tree2.0446 风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest 2.0447 行道树avenue tree, street tree2.0448 纪念林memorial forest2.0449 整型树topiary tree2.0450 花篱flower hedge’2.0451 刺篱thorny plants hedge2.0452 常绿绿篱evergreen hedge2.0453 落叶绿篱deciduous hedge2.0454 高篱high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge2.0460 边篱boundary fence2.0461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge2.0462 纯林pure forest2.0463 混交林mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland2.0465 杂木林spinney2.0466 树冠覆盖面tree canopy2.0467 草坪lawn2.0468 整形草坪formal lawn2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn2.0470 牧场草坪meadowy land2.0471 花坛flower bed2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed2.0474 时钟花坛flower clock2.0475 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed 2.0476 高设花台raised flower bed2.0477 毛毡花坛carpet bed2.0478 镶嵌花坛mosaic bed2.0479 铺石花坛paved bed2.0480 灌木花坛shrub bed2.0481 图案花坛群parterre2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed2.0483 花结花坛knot bed2.0484 整形花坛formal flower bed2.0485 花境flower border2.0486 花桶flower tub2.0487 植树箱planting box2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed2.0489 瓶饰garden vase2.0490 灌木花境shrub border2.0491 混合花境mixed border2.0492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design2.0493 漫步路trail, footway2.0494 小径alley, path2.0495 川草坪岛lawn island2.0496 安全岛traffic island, refuge island2.0497 转弯曲度turning curvature2.0498 转弯半径turning radius2.0499 踏面landing pitch2.0500 步石stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步wading step2.0502 错铺路crazy paving path2.0503 随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random 2.0504 花纹路pattern path2.0505 林荫路mall2.0506 林荫大道boulevard2.0507 花园路parkway2.0508 林间小道path in woodland2.0509 种植池planting bed2.0510 树池保护格栅tree grate2.0511 树干保护套栏tree guard2.0512 树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting2.0513 路面线纹score line2.0514 传统园林建筑traditional garden building2.0515 凉亭summer shelter2.0516 活树亭arbor, tent arbor2.0517 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion2.0518 茅亭thatched pavilion2.0519 竹亭bamboo pavilion2.0520 茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk2.0521 回廊cloister2.0522 水廊corridor on water2.0523 曲廊zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery2.0525 楼廊two-storied gallery2.0526 画舫painted pleasure boat2.0527 石舫stone boat2.0528 不击舟immovable pleasure boat 2.0529 诗条石poem-engraved stone slab 2.0530 月洞门moon gate2.0531 扶手栏杆handrail2.0532 坐凳栏杆seat rail。
园艺英语 词汇
bark n.树皮biennial n.二年生植物adj.亦二年生的.二年一次的bloom n.花队v.开花bud n.芽bush n.矮树丛callous n.愈伤组织.结痂cambium n.形成层cane n.细长的茎.蔓.藤条canopy n.树冠cherry n.樱桃.樱桃树compatible adj.亲和的cordon n.单干形cultivar n.品种cultivation n.培养.栽培currant n.黑醋栗decorative adj.装饰的die- back v.回枯dormant adj.休眠状态的.静止的dry spells n.干旱期dwarfing stocks n.矮化砧espalier n.篱形fan n.扇形fertilize n.施肥.使受精fungal adj.真菌的germinate v.发芽gooseberry n.醋栗树.醋栗graft n.嫁接.v.嫁接hard pruning n.重剪hybrid n.杂种.adj.杂种的infection n.传染.感染inhibitor n.抑制剂inward adj.向内的.内在的jagged adj.参差不齐的July fall n.7月落果lateral n.侧枝leader n.主枝main leader n.主干maturity n.成熟nurseryman n.种苗商orchard n.果园planting n.栽植.定植plum n.李.洋李pollen n.花粉pollination n.授粉pollinator n.授粉树promoter n.促进者.助长者propagate v.繁殖prurung n.修枝.剪枝.修剪pyramid n圆锥形root pruning n.根系修剪rootstock n.砧木sap n.树液saw n.锯.v./锯scion n.接穗sealant n.密封剂secateurs n.修枝剪self-fertilize v.自花受精shoot n.新梢.枝条soft fruits n.浆果.浆果类果树spade n.铲.铁锹.v.铲spur n.短果枝staking n.支柱stem n.茎.干.茎干stemming n.起源.发生stimulate v.刺激strawberry n.草莓sucker n.根蘗.v.除萌summer pruning n.夏季修剪supple adj.柔软的.ffiinning n.疏果tip n.顶.尖端trunk n.树干tulip n.郁金香abaxial adj.远轴的adaxial adj.近轴的amino adj.氨基的amorphous adj.无定形的.无组织的anticlinal adj.垂周的apoplast非原质体apncot n.杏.杏树ascorbic adj.维生素C的astomatous adj.无口的.无气孔的carboxyl n.羧基cation n.阳离子cellulose n.纤维素cellulosic adj.有纤维质的chloramphenicol n.氯霉素chloride n.氯化物cuticle n.表皮.角质层cutin n.角质cytoplasm n.细胞质dewax vt.使脱蜡discrepancy n.相差.差异.矛盾divalent adj.二价的ectodesmata外壁胞质连丝encrust vt.在……上包(或涂)硬的外层.使在表面形成硬壳vi.结壳enzymatic adj.酶的epicuticular上表皮epidermal adj.表皮的.外皮的ethylene n.乙烯.乙烯基euonymus n.卫矛.卫矛属foliar adj.叶的.叶状的fractionate vt.使分馏gradient adj.倾斜的n.梯度.倾斜度.坡度hydration n.水合.水合作用hydrocarbon n.烃.碳氢化合物hydrophilic adj.亲水的.硫水的hydrophobic adj.憎水的bydroxy adj.氢氧根的.羟基的impermeable adj.不能渗透的.不渗透性的infiltration n.渗透inhibitor n.抑制剂.抑制者invagination n.内陷.人鞘.套人ion n.离子isoelectric adj.等电位的.零电位差的membrane n.膜.隔膜mercury n.水银.汞metabolic adj.代谢作用的.新陈代谢的morphological adj.形态学(上)的nonesterified adj.未酯化的oxidative adj.氧化的.具有氧化特性的pectic adj.果胶的.黏胶质的pectinaceous adj.果胶的.含果胶的pedclinal adj.平周的phenylacetate n.乙酸苯酯phloem n.韧皮部phosphorous adj.磷的phosphorylation n.磷酸化(作用) photophosphorylation n.光(合)磷酸化(作用) plasma n.原生质plasmalemma n.原生质膜.质膜plasmatic adj.原生质的polyestenfied hydroxy fatty acids不饱和脂肪酸polyesterify v.聚酯化polymer n.聚合体polysaccharide n.多醣.聚糖.多聚糖precipitate n.沉淀物vt.使沉淀protoplast n.原生质体russet adj.黄褐色的.赤褐色的n.赤褐色物.果锈.锈斑solute n.溶解物.溶质stomatous adj.有孔的.有气孔的succinate n.琥珀酸盐(或酯)sugarcane n.甘蔗.糖蔗sulphur n.硫磺superimposed adj.成阶层的.有层理的threadlike adj.线状的trichome n.毛状体triterpenoid n.三萜系化合物urea n.尿素vascular adj.脉管的.有脉管的.血管的vein n.叶脉wax n.蜡.蜡状物wettability n.可湿性aphid n.蚜虫arsenate n.砷酸盐arsenic n.砷bear v.结果beetle n.甲虫beneficial insect益虫breeze n.微风bug n.小虫caranogen n.致癌物质contaminate v.污染cycle n.周期.循环debris n.碎片.枯枝落叶decay v.腐烂n.腐朽.腐烂degrade v.(使)降解devastating adj.破坏性的disease- and insect-resistant varieties抗病虫害品种eradication n.根除habit n.习惯.习性hatch n.孵化vi.孵化hive n.蜂房.蜂箱honeybee n.蜜蜂immune adj.免疫的insect n.昆虫label n.标签lacewjing n.草蛉ladybug n.瓢虫lead n.铅leafhopper n.叶蝉lethal adj.致命的mantid n.螳螂mealy bugs粉蚜.粉蚧menace n.威胁.危险物v.恐吓.危及.威胁rrute n.螨.螨类moth n.蛾.蛀虫mulch n.覆盖vt..覆盖树根naturalist n.环保主义者.自然主义者nonselective非选择(性)的noxious adj.有害的nmsance n.麻烦.损害objection n.缺陷.异议.反对overwinter v.越冬parasite n.寄生虫.食客pest n.害虫predator n.食肉动物prey vi.捕食race n.种族re-establish v.重建rodent n.啮齿动物sanitation n.卫生.卫生设施spore n.孢子squeamish adj.易呕吐的symptom n.症状.征兆tame adj.驯化的till vt耕种.耕地toxic adj.有毒的.中毒的wasp n.黄蜂weed n.野草.杂草windfallen风吹落的yield n.产量.收益acetyl n.乙酰基.醋酸基ageratum n.藿香agronomic adj.农艺学的alfalfa n.紫花苜蓿Alternaria longipes n.交链孢霉菌amino acids氨基酸antifungal adj.抗真菌的.杀真菌的antigen n.抗原aromatic adj.芬芳的Aspergillus曲霉菌属Azotobacter n.固氮菌属Bacillus polymyxa多黏芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(苏云金芽孢杆菌) bacterium n.细菌biofertilisers生物肥料biopesticdies生物杀虫剂Brassica napus n.芸苔burgeon n.嫩芽v..萌芽carboxylic adj.羧基的carboxylic acid羧酸chitinase n.几丁质酶.甲壳质酶.壳多糖酶coleopteran n.甲虫类之昆虫.鞘翅类之昆虫cytoplasmic adj.细胞质的deaminase n.脱氨(基)酶detoxify vt.使解毒diagnostics n.诊断学dipteran n.双翅昆虫adj.双翅类的emasculation n.阉割.去雄embryo n.胚胎.胚芽adj.胚胎的.初期的endotoxin n.内毒素enzyme n.酶epitope n.抗原决定部位.抗原决定基esterase n.酯酶ethylene n.乙烯.乙烯基flavour n.滋味.香味fungal adj.真菌的genome n.基因组.染色体组germplasm种质.胚质glycerol n.甘油.丙三醇glyphosate草甘膦groundnut n.花生haploid n.单倍体.仅有一组染色体的细胞adj.单一的Heliothis棉铃虫herbicide n.除草剂heterozygous畸杂合的homozygosity n.纯质性.纯合性hybrid seed n.杂交种子hybridoma n.(细胞融合后形成的)杂种细胞.杂种瘤immunochemical adj.免疫化学的impatiens n.凤仙花属植物in vitro离体indiscriminate adj.不加选择的inherited adj.遗传的injudicious adj.判断不当的.浅薄的inoculant n.接种体.接种菌insect n.昆虫introgression n.基因渗入.渐渗现象isozyme n.同工酶lepidopteran adj.鳞翅类的n.鳞翅类lettuce n.莴苣mannitol n.甘露醇meristem n.分裂组织methyl n.甲基.木精microbe n.微生物.细菌microbial adj.微生物的.由细菌引起的Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) n.单克隆抗体mitochondrial n.线粒体mosaic n.镶嵌畸嵌花式的.拼成的mycorrhiza 菌根nematode n.线虫类adj.线虫类的nontoxic adj.无毒的nucleocapsid n.核衣壳nuclear polyhedrosis virus ( NPV)核型多体病毒nucleic acid核酸oilseed n.含油种子(如花生仁、棉籽等)ovary n.卵巢.子房papaya n.番木瓜树.番木瓜果parasitic寄生的pathogen n.病菌.病原体pectin n.胶质perennial adj.多年生的petiole n.叶柄.柄部petunia n.矮牵牛花phenotype n.表现型phenotypic表型的phenylalanine n.苯基丙氨酸phosphate n.磷酸盐phosphinothricin acetyl transferase(PAT)草丁膦乙酰转移酶phosphorus n.磷phytohormone n.植物激素phytopathology植物病理学pollen n.花粉vt.传授花粉给pollination n.授粉polymorphism n.多形性.多态现象polyol n.多羟基化合物propagule能发育成植物体的芽.繁殖体protoplast n.原生质体pseudomonas n.假单胞菌属pseudomonas syringea n.荧光假单胞菌quarantine n.检疫.隔离vt.检疫.reagent n.反应物recalcitrant adj.反抗的.顽固的.难对付的recombinant重组重组细胞重组体regenerate vt.重建vi.新生.再生adj.新生的residue n.残余.渣滓.滤渣Rhizobium n.根瘤菌属Rhizoctonia solani立枯丝核菌ribonuclease n.核糖核酸酶Serratia marcescens沙雷氏菌属solubilise v.(使)溶解(使)增溶somaclonal体细胞克隆sorbitol n山梨(糖)醇soybean n.大豆sporulation n.孢抱子形成starch n.淀粉sterility n.不毛.不育.中性submicroscopic adj.亚微观的sucrose n.蔗糖sugarbeet n.甜菜symbiotic adj.共箕生的synthase：se n.合成酶toxin n.毒素transferase n.转移酶transgenic adj.转基因的tyrosine n.酪氨酸vegetatively adv.生长地.营养地.无性地vitality n.活力.生命力wilt v.(使)枯萎.(使)憔悴.(使)畏缩n.枯萎.憔悴.畏缩zygotic畸受精卵的.合子的pomology n.果树学hor[iculture n.园艺学.园艺horticulturist n.园艺家bearing n.结实orchard n.果园orchardist n.果园主.果园管理人.果树培养人stone n.果核.石头∥stoney(= stony) a.石质的.多石的.多核的stone fruits核果类果树atrus n.柑橘citrus fruits柑果类果树nut n.坚果nut fruits坚果类果树berry n.浆果(如草莓、葡萄)berry fruits浆果类果树miscellarlaneous a.混杂的.名.各种各样杂在一起的.有各种特点的temperate a.有节制的.适度的.(气候等)温和的tropical a.热热带的.炎热的.酷热的subtropiopical a.亚热带的propagation n.繁殖.增殖vt.繁殖.增殖cultivar n.栽培品种planting n.栽培.种植.栽機植spacing n.(留)间隔.空隙.株距.间距training n.整枝.整形prumng n.修剪(树枝等)∥prune vt.修剪.删除fertilization n.施肥受精∥fertilize vt.使肥沃.使受精.施肥于pollination n.授粉∥pollinate vt.传花粉给fruit thinning疏果postharvest采后succulent a.多汁的.肉质的.n.肉质植物∥succulence n.肉质植物category n.种类.类型annual a.每年的.年度的.年生的.n.年生的植物biennial a.两年一次的.二年生的.n.二年生植物perennial a.多年生的.终年的.长期的.n.多年生植物herbaceous a.草本的.草质的∥herb n.草本植物.药草woody a.木本的.木质的arbor n.树木.乔木vine n.藤.蔓litchi n.荔枝.荔枝树∥又作“leechee”和“lychee”longan n.龙眼loquat n.枇杷.枇杷树mango n.杧果.杧果树deciduous a.脱落的.每年落叶的dormant a.休眠的.暂停活动的plum n.李apncot n.杏.杏树jujube n.枣.枣树gooseberry n.醋栗.鹅莓.茶蔗子blueberry n.越橘.蓝浆果hawthom n.山楂carpel n.心皮pistil n.雌蕊stigma n.柱头style n.花柱ovary n.子房.卵巢multiple a.聚花的.复合的.多样的.多倍的aggregate a.聚生的.聚集的fleshy a.肉的.肉质的.多肉的drupe n.核果(= stone fruit)endocarp n.内果皮pulp n.果肉.肉质部分pit n.果核(桃、杏、梅等的核)guava n.番石榴kiwi fruit中华猕猴桃perslmmon n.柿.柿树pome n.仁果.梨果pome fruits仁果类果树receptacle n.花托quince n.榲桲.榲桲树girtgko n.银杏strawberry n.草莓raspberry n.树莓blackberry n.黑莓.黑刺莓inflorescence n.花序.花簇.花朵fig n.无花果pineapple n.菠萝.凤梨crown n.树冠.根颈reproductive a.生殖的.再生产的hormone n.激素cytokinin n.细胞激动素gibberellin n.赤霉素symbiotic a.共生的mycorrhiza n.菌根∥[复数]mycorrhizaegemunate vt.使发芽.使发生∥germination n.萌芽.发生radicle n.胚根.小根lateral a.侧面的.横的dominate a.统治的.占优势的.支配的taproot主根.直根fibrous a.含纤维的.纤维状的fibrous root纤维根.须根adventitious a.外来的.偶发的.不定的cuttings扦插.插条asexual a.无性的.无性生殖的diameter n.直径bud n.芽embryonic a.开始的.初期的.胚胎的axiLlary a.腋的.腋生的axil n.腋photosynthesis n.光合作用photosynthetic a.光合的consplcuous a.显著的.引人注意的.显眼的inconspicuous a.不显著的.不引人注意的.不显眼的evaporation n.蒸发(作用)blade n.叶片.草片.刀片petiole n.叶柄layer n.层epidermis n.表皮(层)pore n.气孔stomata n.气孔stomatal a.有气孔的.有气门的receptacle n.花托.容器.贮存器sepal n.萼片petal n.花瓣stamen n.雄蕊staminate a.有雄蕊的.只有雄蕊的pistil n.雌蕊pistillate a.有雌蕊的.仅有雌蕊的vestigial a.发育不全的.退化器官的vestige n.退化器官.痕迹floral a.花的.像花的.植物群的bisexual a.两性的monoecious a.雌雄同株的monoecia n.雌雄同株植物dioecious a.雌雄异株的productivity n.生产率.生产能力parthenocarpic a.单性结实的parthenocarpy n.单性结实fertilization n.受精navel n.脐.肚脐embryo n.胚.胚胎.萌芽状态cotyledon n.子叶epicotyl n.上胚轴hypocotyl祝.下胚轴endosperm n.胚乳reproduction n.增殖.生殖.复制duplication n.重复.复制.成倍duplicate a.复制的parent亲代.亲本genetic a.遗传学的sexual a.有性的.性别的clone n.无性系.克隆clonal a.无性系的.克隆的cutting n.扦插.插条layering n.压条.压条法∥layer n.压条,层次graft n.Vt.vi.嫁接grafting n.嫁接法budding n.芽接micropropagation n.微繁fungal = fungous a.真菌的fungi(复数)viral a.病毒的rootstock砧木.根源.来源genotype n.基因型.遗传型fungIcide n.杀真菌剂transplant vt.移植.移栽medium n.环境.生活条件.媒介.培养基(单数)media培养基(复数)anatomy n.解剖学.解剖.解剖模型nursery n.苗圃graft union嫁接愈合部scion n.接穗tolerance n.耐受性.耐性.容忍.忍受tolerant a.忍受的.容忍的vigor n.活力.健壮.茁壮dwarf n.矮小的植物.a.矮小的.矮生的.vt.使矮小.vi.变矮小cleft a.劈开的.裂开的.半裂的cleft grafting劈接bark n.树皮.枝皮bark grafting皮下嫁接side grafting腹接approach grafting靠接compatible a.亲和的.可和谐共存的compatibility n.亲和性intermediate a.中间的.居间的.n.中间体.媒介物stock n.苗木.大.砧木incompatibility a.不亲和.不相容.不能共存的incompatible a.不相容的T-budding丁字形芽接patch budding补片芽接.贴皮芽接chip budding嵌芽接explant vt.移植.n.外植体explantation n.外植体callus n.愈伤组织pollen n.花粉pollen grains花粉粒thaw vi.融化.融解.解冻germplasm n.种质molecular a.分分子的molecule n.分子biotechnologjogical a.生物技术的incorporate vt.结合.体现.使具体化.体现slope n.坡度.斜坡.斜率typhoon n.台风windbreak防风林topography n.地形.地形学sustainable a.可持续的.能支撑的drainage n.排水.放水.排水系统.下水道∥drainvt.排去…...的水. vi.流掉infiltration n.渗入.渗透∥infiltrate vt.使渗人.渗透erosion n.侵蚀.侵害rainfall n.降雨量terrace n.梯田.阶地.台地hillside n.山腰.山坡ditch n.沟.沟渠.vt.在……上开沟.在……上筑渠.vi.开沟.筑渠ridge n.脊.岭.山脉.垄.埂fertile a.肥沃的.丰产的∥fertility n.肥力.肥沃度subsoil n.心土.底土hardpan n.硬磐topsoil n.表土stump n.残桩.根桩.残干lime n.石灰.vt.用石灰处理phosphorus n.磷∥phosphorous a.磷的.含磷的∥phosphate n.磷酸盐oxygen n.氧.氧气respiration n.呼吸(作用)marketing n.销售(学)perishable a.容易腐烂的manure n.(人.畜的)粪肥compost n.堆肥.混合肥料tillage n.耕种.耕作∥till vt.耕种.耕作planting distance栽植距离moisture n.湿度.水分.含水量crown n.树冠.根颈overlap n.重叠；vt.与……交搭；VI.交搭.叠盖spacing n.间隔hectare n.公顷(略作ha.)intercrop n.间作作物；vt.vi.实行间作prune vt.修剪(树枝等)sun scald日灼病(= sun burn.sunscorch)ooze n.渗出.分泌maturity n.成熟.壮年(期)drought n.旱灾.干旱季节weed n.杂草planting layout栽植规划acidity n.酸度.酸性∥acidic a酸的.酸性的alkalinity n.碱度，碱性∥alkali n，碱，强碱∥alkaline a.碱的，碱性的cation n.阳离子，正离子magnesium n.镁calcium n.钙sod n.草皮，生草土，草地legume n.豆科植物rutrogen n.氮potassium n.钾ingredient n.组成部分，配料，成分foliar a.叶的，叶状的application n.施用，应用fertilizer n.肥料，化肥micronutrient微量营养物质(= trace element)。
农学专业英语前四周重点整理
一、术语翻译（1*20=20分）前四周TextA课文及课后练习题中出现的术语二、问答题（3*5=15分）15 个问答题出5个三、选词填空（1*10=10分）涉及到前四周所学词汇，每单元课后题及TextA词汇考察。
四、翻译（3*5=15分）英译汉3个汉译英2个Unit1Words（TextA）Tax on omist分类学者chlorophyll 叶绿素fun gi 真菌herbivore 草食动物carnivore 肉食动物omnivore 杂食动物photosynthesis 光合作用glucose 葡萄糖cellulose 纤维素pigment 色素carotene 胡萝卜素xanthophyll 叶黄素thallophyta 原生植物embryophyta 胚生植物phylum 门protista 原生生物gymn osperm裸子植物an giosperm 被子植物prehistoric 史前的；陈腐的vascular plant 导管植物monocotyledon 单子叶植物dicotyledon 双子叶植物cotyledon 子叶parasitic 寄生的stomata 孑L;气孑L deciduous 每年落叶的petal 花瓣stamen 雄蕊pollen 花粉pistil 雌蕊fertilization 受精ovary 子房Words （TextB）adequate适当的；足够的advocator 拥护者；提倡者aeration 通风aeroponic 太空的alteration 变更alternative 二者可选其一的（事物）appropriate 适当的bark 树皮challe nge 挑战cucumber黄瓜compost混合肥料；堆肥con duct 进行drain 排水，引流conventionally 按照惯例地deficiency 缺乏ecological 生态学的fertility 肥沃，丰产economical节约的，经济的horticulturalist 园艺家hydroponics 水耕法；水栽培insecticide 杀虫剂inert media 惰性的媒介infancy 有你那innovative 创新的lettuce 萬苣；生菜malfunction 运转不正常maximize 最佳化；最大化optimum 最适宜的orchid 兰花pebble小圆石；小鹅卵石practice 习惯做法predict 预知；预言principal 主要的，首要的remarkable 杰出的；非凡的reservoir 蓄水池restrict 限制sample样本shavings 刨花significantly 显著地suspend 吊，悬挂switch 转换；转变territory 领土，地域tulip 有B金香vary 改变initial capital --------------------- 创办资本，启动资金graverl substrate ------ 砂砾培养基wich system ---- 毛细传送系统_NTF 养分膜技术_processed—clay_加工过的黏土_Ebb and flow ----- 潮差无土栽培法—EC: Electrical Conductivity ------------ 电导率Fill the bla nk1）S omeof those carb on products tran sfer from the roots to symbiotic fungi and soil microbes, which store the carb on in the soil as humus.这些含碳化合物有部分从根部被共生真菌和土壤中的微生物摄取，最后变成腐殖质储存在土壤里。
园林专业外语词汇大全[五篇范文]
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园林专业外语词汇大全[五篇范文]第一篇：园林专业外语词汇大全园林专业外语词汇大全主入口大门/岗亭main entrance gate/guard 每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit house (for vehicle & pedestrian) 篮球场basketball court 次入口/岗亭2nd entrance gate/guard house 网球场tennis court (for vehicle & pedestrian) 阶梯坐台 terracing seatwall 商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr. 广场 main plaza 水景water feature森林forest garden 小型露天剧场 mini amphi-theatre 迎宾景观welcoming feature观景木台timber deck (viewing) 竹园bamboo garden漫步广场walkway plaza 露天咖啡廊out door café巨大迎宾水景-2 grand welcoming feature -2 木桥timber bridge洞穴grotto 吊桥hanging bridge休憩台地(低处) lounging terrace(lower) 休憩台地(高处) lounging terrace(upper) 特色踏步 feature stepping stone 野趣小溪 river wild 儿童乐园 children's playground 旱冰道slide 羽毛球场 badminton court 旱景dry landscape 日艺园 Japanese garden 旱喷泉 dry fountain 观景台viewing deck 游泳池swimming pool 极可意Jacuzzi 嬉水池wading pool 儿童泳池 children's pool 蜿蜒水墙 winding wall 石景雕塑 rock sculpture 中心广场 central plaza 健身广场 exercise plaza 交流广场 meditating plaza 趣味树阵 tree battle formation 停车场parking area 特色花架trellis 雕塑小道 sculpture trail (高尔夫)轻击区 putting green 高尔夫球会所 golf clubhouse 石景园 rockery garden 旱溪 dry stream 凉亭Pavilion 户外淋浴outdoor shower 拉膜结构 tensile structure 台阶stair高尔夫球车停车场 parking(golf car) 健身站exercise station 晨跑小路jogging footpath 车道/人行道driveway/sidewalk 人行漫步道 promenade 瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) water fall anddancing fountain (entry plaza) 特色入口entry feature石景广场 rockery plaza 园林学Landscape architecture gardenarchitecture 造园学 Garden making, landscape gardening 环境园艺学Environmental horticulture 观赏园艺学Ornamental horticulture 园林艺术 garden art 园林美学 Garden aesthetics 园林建筑学Garden architecture 园林建筑Garden building 园林工程Garden engineering 园林植物Landscape plant 观赏植物Ornamental plant 盆景 Miniature landscape,penjing 园林 Garden and park 园林学史History Of garden architecture 园林规划Garden planning,landscapingplanning 园林设计Garden design 园林机具设备Gardening machine 园林管理Garden management 园林生态Landscape ecology绿化 greening,planting 环境绿化 Environmental greening 绿地面积Green area 绿地率Ratio Of green space 城市绿化覆盖率Urban Green coverage 工厂绿化Factory greening,factory gardening 街道绿化Street greening,street planting 车行道绿化Driveway greening 分车带绿化 Dividing Stripe greening 人行道绿化 Sidewalk greening 群众绿化 Mass Planting movement 郊区绿化Suburban greening 公路绿化Highway greening 铁路绿化Railway greening,railway planting 堤岸种植 Bank planting 阳台绿化 Balcony greening 窗台绿化 window-sill greening 屋顶绿化 Roof greening 垂直绿化 Vertical greening 攀缘绿化 Climber greening 桥头绿化 Bridgehead greening 花园garden 专类花园Specified flower garden 花园村Garden village 园林城市 Landscape garden city 蔷薇园Rose garden 松柏园 Conifer garden 球根园 Bulb garden 宿根园 Perennial garden 假山园 Rock garden,Chinese rockery 狩猎场Hunting ground 街心花园Street crossing center garden 小游园Petty Street garden 水景园 Water garden 铺地园 Paved garden 野趣园 Wild plants botanical garden 野生植物园 Wild plants garden 乡趣园 Rustic garden 盆景园 Penjing garden,miniature land-scape 动物园 zoo,zoological garden 墓园 Cemetery garden 沼泽园 Bog and marsh garden 水生植物园Aquatic plants garden 学校园School garden 室内花园 Indoor garden 芳香花园 Fragrant garden 盲人花园 Garden for the blind 公园park,Public park城市公园 City park,urban park 区公园 Regional park 儿童公园Children park 体育公园 Sports park 森林公园 Forest park 纪念公园Memorial park烈士纪念公园 Martyr memorial park 综合公园 Comprehensive park 文化公园 Cultural park文化休憩公园Cultural and recreation park 中央公园Central park 天然公园 Natural park海滨公园Seaside park,seabeach park 古迹公园Historic sitepark 河滨公园 Riverside park 湖滨公园 Lakeside park路边公园Roadside park,street park 娱乐公园Amusement park 雕塑公园 Sculpture park 休憩公园 Recreation park 疗养公园Sanatorium park 国家公园 National park邻里公园Neighborhood park 特种公园Special park 植物园Botanical garden 植物公园 abeled plants park 高山植物园 alpine garden热带植物园 tropical plants garden药用植物园 medical plants garden,herb garden绿地 green space公共绿地 Public green space 单位绿地 Unit green area 城市绿地 Urban green space街道广场绿地Street and square green area 居住区绿地Residential quarter green area 防护绿地Green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地 Suburban green space 街坊绿地 Residential block green belt 附属绿地 Attached green space 生产绿地Productive plantation area 苗圃nursery 风景landscape,scenery 自然景观Natural landscape 人文景观Human landscape,scenery of humanities 草原景观 Prairie landscape 山岳景观Mountain landscape,alpine landscape 地理景观Geographical landscape 湖泊景观Lake view 郊区景观Suburban landscape 地质景观Geological landscape 喀斯特景观Karst landscape 植物景观 Plants landscape,flora landscape 中国古典园林Classical Chinese garden 中国传统园林Traditional Chinese garden 中国古代园林 Ancient Chinese garden 中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑 Imperial palace garden 皇家园林 Royal garden 私家园林 Private garden 江南园林 Garden on the Yangtze Delta 西方古典园林 Western classical garden 英国式园林English style garden 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden 意大利式园林Italian style garden 西班牙式园林Spanishstyle garden 法兰西式园林 French style garden 勒诺特尔式园林 Le-Notre's style garden 文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden 园林专业词汇2 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden 庄园 manor,villa garden 廊柱园 Peristyle garden,patio 绿廊 xystus 迷阵 maze,labyrinth 灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden 灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden 阿房宫E-Pang Palace 上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan 未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace 洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace 华清官 Hua-Qing Palace艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden 悬园 Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden 景view,scenery,feature 远景 Distant view 近景 Nearby view 障景Obstructive scenery,blocking view 借景Borrowed scenery,view borrowing 对景 Opposite scenery,view in opposite place 缩景Miniature scenery,abbreviated scenery 漏景Leaking through scenery 框景 Enframed scenery 尾景 Terminal feature 主景 Main feature副景Secondary feature 配景Objective view 夹景Vista line,vista 前景 Front view 背景 background景序 Order of sceneries 景点 Feature spot,view spot 仰视景观Upward landscape 俯视景观Downward landscape 季相景观Seasonal phenomena气象景观 Meteorological diversity scenery 视野 Visual field 秋色 Fall color,autumn color 园林空间 Garden space 开敞空间Wide open space, wide space 封闭空间Enclosure space 意境artistic conception,poetic imagery 苍古antiquity 空灵spaciousness,airiness 动观in-motion viewing 静观in-position viewing 视错觉Visual illusion 园林艺术布局 Artistic layout of garden 对称平衡Symmetrical balance 不对称平衡 Asymmetrical balance 左右对称Bilateral symmetry 辐射对称 Radial symmetry 透景线 Perspective line 轴线axis,axial line 主轴Main axis 副轴Auxiliary axis 暗轴Hidden axis,invisible axis 树冠线skyline 园林色彩艺术Art of garden colors 单色谐调Monochromatic harmony 复色谐调Compound chromatic harmony 对比色突出Contrast colors accent 近似色谐调 Approximate colors harmony 暖色 Warm color 冷色 Cool color 色感 Color sense 城市绿地系统规划 Urban green space system planning 绿地系统 Green space system 公共绿地定额Public green space quota 公共绿地指标Public green space norm 绿地布局 Green space layout 吸引圈Attractive circle 吸引距离Attractive distance 有效半径Effective radius 绿地资源Green space resource 绿地效果Green space effect 绿地规划程序 Planning procedure of the green space 空间规划Space planning 形象规划Image plan 实施规划Implementary plan 必要生活空间 Necessary living space 余暇生活空间 Leisure time living space 利用频度 Usage frequency 树种规划 Planning of trees and shrubs 绿地类型 Typeof green space 环状绿型 Annular green space 块状绿地 Green plot 点状绿地 Green spot放射状绿地 Radiate green space楔状绿地 wedge-shaped green space 缓冲绿地 Buffer green space 防音绿地Noiseproof green space 科学景观论Scientific landscape theory 园林保留地Reserve garden 公园规划park planning园林总体规划Garden master planning 总平面规划Siteplanning 园林分区 Garden zoning 安静休息区 Tranquil rest area 儿童活动区 Children playing space儿童游戏场Children playground, playlot 体育运动区Sports activities area 野餐区 Picnic place散步区 Pedestrian space群众集会区Mass meeting square 观赏植物区Ornamental plants area观赏温室区Display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 草坪区 Lawn space绿荫区 Shade tree section历史古迹区 Historical relics area青少年活动区 Youngsters activities area 诱鸟区 Bird sanctuary area 钓鱼区 Fishing center 野营区 Camp site游人中心 Visitors center 服务中心 Service center探险游乐场Adventure ground 文化活动区Cultural activities area道路系统 Approach system, road system 环形道路系统 Circular road system 方格形道路系统 Latticed road system 放射形道路系统Radiate road system 自然式道路系统 Informal road system 规整式道路系统Formal road system 混合式道路系统Mixed style road system 园林规划图 Garden planning map 园林规划说明书 Garden planning direction 城市公园系统Urban park system 公园分布Distribution of parks 公园类型 Park type, park category 公园间距Distance between parks 公园形式Park styles 游览区Excursion area, open-to-public area 非游览区 no-admittance area 办公区Administrative area 服务区Service center 动休息区Dynamic rest space 静休息区Static rest space 娱乐演出区Entertaining performance place 主要入口Main entrance 次要入口Secondary entrance 人流量Visitors flowrate 车流量 Vehicle flowrate 公园道路 parkroad 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio 游人容纳量Visitors capacity 风景资源调查Landscape resource evaluation 风景学scenicology 风景规划Landscape plan 风景设计Landscape design 游览路线Touring route 旅游资源 Tourism resource 旅游地理 Tourism geography 旅游地质 Tourism geology 历史名城 Famous historical city 文化名城Famous cultural city 文化遗址Ancient cultural relic 天然博物馆Natural open museum 风景地貌 naturalgeomorphology 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration 风景区Scenic spot, scenic area风景名胜 Famous scenery, famous scenic site特异景观风景区 Specific natural scenes area民族风俗风景区 Scenic spot of minority customs高山风景区Alpine scenic spot 海滨风景区Seabeach scenic spot 森林风景区 Forest scenic spot高山草甸风景区 Alpine tundra landscape spot峡谷风景区 Valley scenic spot江河风景区River landscape district 湖泊风景区Lake round scenic spot 温泉风景区Hot spring scenic spot 瀑布风景区Waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区 Region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting封山育林区 Region closed for afforestation天池风景区Crater lake scenic spot 自然保护区Nature protection area科学保护区 Protection area for scientific research天然纪念物 Natural monument生物圈保护区Biosphere protection area 园林设计师Landscape architect, garden designer园址测量图 Garden site survey map 地形图 Topographic map, contour map 种植设计 Planting design地形改造设计 Topographical reform design种植大样图 detailplanting design 造价分析 Cost analysis 园林形式 Garden style规整式园林 Formal garden style 非规整园林 Informal garden style 几何式园林 Geometric garden style园林专业(高等学校专业英语系列教材)目录：Part Ⅰ Landscape Architecture Interpretation（第一部分：园林的概述）LESSON 1 THE PRACTICE AND PROFESSION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTUREReading Material The Three Stakes LESSON 2 LANDSCAPE MEANINGSReading Material Landscape InterpretationPart Ⅱ History of Landscape Architecture（第二部分：园林历史）LESSON 3 PARADISE ON EARTH: THE ISLAMIC GARDEN Reading Material Islamic Gardens of Spain LESSON 4 GARDENS OF SIXTEENTHSTRUCTURE UNITYReading Material Is Sustainable Attainable? LESSON 13 PARK AND BOUNDLESS SPACEReading Material Spatial Development LESSON 14 LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT Reading Material Eco - City Plans LESSON 15 LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENTReading Material Axioms for Reading the Landscape Some Guides to the American Scene (Part one) LESSON 16 LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE PRIMEVAL ENVIRONMENTReading Material Axioms for Reading the Landscape Some Guides to the American Scene (Part two) Part Ⅴ 20th Century Landscape Architecture Practice第五部分：20世纪园林实践LESSON 17 AN ECOLOGY OF DESIGN Reading MaterialForstering Living Landscape LESSON 18 TOWARDS A NEW LANDSCAPE PRACTICE Reading Material A Parks, Botanical gardens, Festival gardens: Germany Reading Material B Barcelona and the Resurgence of Spain APPENDIX A PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNET SITES APPENDIX B PROFESSIONAL INTERNET SITES第二篇：园林专业英语词汇中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方园林史西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor, villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden, patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze, labyrinth典型中西园林灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden阿房宫E-Pang Palace上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫Luoyang Palace华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden园林设计园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer园址测量图garden site survey map地形图topographic map, contour map种植设计planting design地形改造设计topographical reform design种植大样图detail planting design造价分析cost analysis园林形式garden style规整式园林formal garden style非规整园林informal garden style几何式园林geometric garden style自然式园林natural garden style混合式园林mixed garden style近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden园林区划garden area division园林分区规划garden block planning庭院花园courtyard garden前庭front yard, forecourt后庭back yard, rear yard中庭patio厨园kitchen yard沉[床]园sunken garden窗园window garden墙园wall garden宅园home garden台地园terrace garden冬园winter garden切花园cut flower garden屋顶花园roof garden后花园back yard garden园林地形改造topographical reform of garden土山earth piled hill, artificial mound假山rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone黄石yellowish brown stone人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone孤赏石monolith, standing stone掇山piled stone hill, hill making叠石stones laying板石flag stone散点石scattered stone抱角石corner stone屋基石foundation stone排衙石guard stone屏石screen stone石岸rock bank石阶stone steps汀步stepping stone on water surface 附壁石stone appended to wall石花台stone flower bed石凳stone bench假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall干砌石dry stone wall假山石楼梯rock stairway石亭stone pavilion石洞stone cavern石窟grotto置石stone arrangement, stone layout 拱石arch stone拱顶石key stone园林水景water scenes of garden水体water body水面water surface水池pool水塘pond喷泉fountain喷水池fountain pool涉水池wading pool倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool睡莲池water-lily pool喷水管布置piping schema钓鱼塘fishing pond高水位池塘high water table pond池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool隐头喷泉secret fountain岛园island garden半岛园peninsula garden小岛isle瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade湖lake矶rock projecting over water水帘洞water curtain cave园桥garden bridge拱桥arch bridge石板桥stone slab bridge木板桥plank bridge圆木桥log bridge亭桥pavilion bridge曲桥zigzag bridge壁泉wall fountain饮水喷头drinking fountain植物配植plant arrangement树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs群植group planting, mass planting孤植specimen planting, isolated planting丛植clump planting组植group planting林植forest planting列植linear planting对植opposite planting, coupled planting环植circular planting带植belt planting散植scattered planting, loose planting 边界种植boundary planting整形种植architectural planting角隅种植corner planting景框种植planting as enframent门卫种植guard planting篱恒种植fence planting障景种植screen planting背景种植background planting林下种植underwood planting路边种植roadside planting绿篱hedge树墙espalier庭荫树shade tree园景树specimen tree风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest 行道树avenue tree,street tree纪念林memorial forest整型树topiary tree花篱flower hedge’刺篱thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱evergreen hedge落叶绿篱deciduous hedge高篱high hedge沟中边篱hah-hah fence图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge整剪绿篱clipped hedge自然式花篱natural flowering hedge边篱boundary fence园篱garden fence, garden hedge纯林pure forest混交林mixed forest林间隙地open space in woodland杂木林spinney树冠覆盖面tree canopy草坪lawn整形草坪formal lawn开花草坪flowering lawn牧场草坪meadowy land花坛flower bed路边花坛roadside flower bed带状花坛ribbon flower bed时钟花坛flower clock盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed高设花台raised flower bed毛毡花坛carpet bed镶嵌花坛mosaic bed铺石花坛paved bed灌木花坛shrub bed图案花坛群parterre草药花坛herbaceous flower bed花结花坛knot bed整形花坛formal flower bed花境flower border花桶flower tub植树箱planting box活动花坛movable flower bed瓶饰garden vase灌木花境shrub border混合花境mixed border园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design漫步路trail, footway小径alley, path川草坪岛lawn island安全岛traffic island, refuge island转弯曲度turning curvature转弯半径turning radius踏面landing pitch步石stepping stone涉水踏步wading step错铺路crazy paving path随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random花纹路pattern path林荫路mall林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway林间小道path in woodland种植池planting bed树干保护套栏tree guard树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting路面线纹score line第三篇：会计专业外语账目词汇帐目名词一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents 现金Cash银行存款Cash in bank其他货币资金Other cash and cashequivalents外埠存款Other city Cash in bank 银行本票Cashier”s cheque 银行汇票Bank draft 信用卡Credit card信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits存出投资款Refundable deposits 短期投资Short-term investments 股票Short-term investmentscorporatebonds基金Short-term investmentsother短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves应收款Account receivable 应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance 应收股利Dividend receivable 应收利息Interest receivable 应收账款Account receivable其他应收款Other notes receivable 坏账准备Bad debt reserves 预付账款Advance money应收补贴款Cover deficit by statesubsidies of receivable 库存资产Inventories物资采购Supplies purchasing 原材料Raw materials 包装物Wrappage低值易耗品Low-value consumptiongoods材料成本差异Materials cost variance 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods 库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on acommission basis存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资Long-term investment长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks股票投资Investment on stocks其他股权投资Other investment on stocks 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds债券投资Investment on bonds其他债权投资Other investment on bonds 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor”s rights investment depreciation reserves委托贷款Entrust loans 本金Principal 利息Interest减值准备Depreciation reserves 固定资产Fixed assets 房屋Building 建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment 运输设备Transportation facilities 工具器具Instruments and implement累计折旧Accumulated depreciation 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves工程物资Project goods and material 专用材料Special-purpose material 专用设备Special-purpose equipment 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 在建工程Construction-in-process 安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process 技术改造工程Technical innovation project 大修理工程General overhaul project 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves 固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets无形资产Intangible assets 专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names 著作权Copyrights 土地使用权Tenure 商誉Goodwill无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income 待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or incomeaccountant genaral会计主任account balancde结平的帐户account bill帐单account books帐account classification帐户分类account current往来帐account form of balance sheet帐户式资产负债表account form of profit and loss statement帐户式损益表account payable应付帐款account receivable应收帐款account of payments支出表account of receipts收入表account title帐户名称，会计科目accounting year或financial year会计accounts payable ledger应付款分类帐Accounting period（会计期间）are related to specifictime periods ,typically one year（通常是一年）资产负债表：balance sheet可以不大写b 利润表：income statements (or statements of income)利润分配表：retained earnings 现金流量表：cash flows二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability短期借款Short-term borrowing 应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance 应付账款Account payable 预收账款Deposit received代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue 应付工资Accrued wages 应付福利费Accrued welfarism 应付股利Dividends payable 应交税金Tax payable应交增值税value added tax payable 进项税额Withholdings on VAT 已交税金Paying tax转出未交增值税Unpaid VATchangeover减免税款Tax deduction销项税额Substituted money on VAT 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover未交增值税Unpaid VAT 应交营业税Business tax payable应交消费税Consumption tax payable 应交资源税Resources tax payable 应交所得税Income tax payable应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable应交房产税Housing property tax payable 应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable 应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license platetax(VVULPT) payable应交个人所得税Personal income taxpayable其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying其他应付款Other payables预提费用Drawing expense in advance 其他负债Other liabilities待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value预计负债Anticipation liabilities 长期负债Long-term Liabilities 长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year 一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year应付债券Bonds payable债券面值Face value, Par value 债券溢价Premium on bonds 债券折价Discount on bonds 应计利息Accrued interest长期应付款Long-term account payable 应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year 专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year 递延税款Deferral taxes所有者权益类OWNERS” EQUITY资本Capita实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital 实收股本Paid-up stock已归还投资Investment Returned 公积资本公积Capital reserve资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock) premium接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in 外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital其他资本公积Other capital reserve 盈余公积Surplus reserves 法定盈余公积Legal surplus任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund 储备基金Reserve fund企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利润Profits本年利润Current year profits 利润分配Profit distribution其他转入Other chengeover in提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund 提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers” bonus andwelfare fund利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change toassets(or stock)未分配利润Undistributed profit四、成本类Cost生产成本Cost of manufacture 基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture 辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture 制造费用Manufacturing overhead 材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries 奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance 补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare 会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling 通讯费Correspondence 电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam 税费Taxes and dues 租赁费Rent 管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance 油料费Vehicles maintenance 培训费Education and training 接待费Entertainment 图书、印刷费Books and printing 运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium 支付手续费Commission 杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption 劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation劳务成本Service costs五、损益类Profit and loss收入Income业务收入OPERATING INCOME 主营业务收入Prime operating revenue 产品销售收入Sales revenue 服务收入Service revenue 其他业务收入Other operating revenue 材料销售Sales materials 代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax 其他收入Other revenue 投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income 长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 补贴收入Subsidize revenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue 营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME 非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income 现金溢余Cash overage处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit 罚款净收入Net amercement income 支出Outlay业务支出Revenue charges 主营业务成本Operating costs 产品销售成本Cost of goods sold 服务成本Cost of service主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge营业税Sales tax消费税Consumption tax城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities资源税Resources tax土地增值税Increment tax on land value 5405其他业务支出Other businessexpense销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale其他劳务成本Other cost of service 其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge 费用Expenses营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium 展览费Exhibition fees 广告费Advertising fees管理费用Adminisstrative expenses 职工工资Staff Salaries 修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance 差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense福利费Employee benefits/welfare 职工教育经费Personnel education 待业保险费Unemployment insurance 劳动保险费Labour insurance 医疗保险费Medical insurance 会议费Coferemce 聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs 咨询费Consult fees 诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment 技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees 房产税Housing property tax 车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税T enure tax 印花税Stamp tax财务费用Finance charge 利息支出Interest exchange 汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss 各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost 营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure 捐赠支出Donation outlay 减值准备金Depreciation reserves 非常损失Extraordinary loss处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss 债务重组损失Loss on arrangement罚款支出Amercement outlay 所得税Income tax第四篇：社会工作专业外语词汇individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. （个人，家庭，团体，组织和社区）discrimination（歧视）poverty（贫困）social problems.（社会问题）• socialjustice（社会正义）• dignity and worth of the person（人的尊严和价值）importance ofhumanrelationships（人际关系的重要性）integrity（诚信）• competence.（能力）Socialassistance社会救助the core of social work（社会工作的核心）address social problems. （解决社会问题）social problems.（社会问题）promote, restore, maintain, and enhance （..促进,恢复,保持和加强...） professional expertise. （专业经验）specific legal obligations （具体的法律义务）Self—Determination（自决）identify and clarify（确定和澄清）professional relationship （专业关系）professional experience.（专业经验）Social Diversity（社会多样性）political belief（政治信仰）ConflictsofInterest（利益冲突）Privacy and Confidentiality（隐私与保密）legally authorized body（法律授权机构）social work licensure.（社会工作执照）Termination of Services（终止服务）Referral （转介）social work practice. （社会工作实务）professional functions（专业职能）professional credentials（专业认证）Evaluation and Research（评估和研究）social policies（社会政策）Valuesystem价值体系thepurposeoftheservice服务的目的professionalcredential专业认证publicrelation公共关系theobjectivefact客观事实subjectivefeeling主观感受politicalorientation政治取向publicareas 公共区域socialsystems 社会制度socialsupport 社会支持socialstatus社会地位Socialorganization 社会组织accesstorecords 访问记录theethicalstandardsoftheprofession 行业道德标准第五篇：外语经贸类词汇外语经贸类词汇澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction 备件spare parts部长级会议ministerial meeting采取积极财政政策 proactive fiscal policy。
农业大学 专业英语园艺方面 复习资料
Chapte 1Moving to SustainabilityOVERVIEWHorticulture is old , tracing its beginnings back some 10,000 years ago to the dawn of agriculture . Horticulture was reasonably sustainable until the American Civil War . Pesticides and fertilizers were natural products and little energy other than human and horse or mule sweat was used . Sustainability decreased after the Civil War with the advent of chemical fertilizers and even more in the 1940s with the advent of synthetic pesticides and the introduction of ever more diesel-and gasoline-dependent machinery to replace human and animal labor . Monocultures and less replacement of organic matter dealt sustainability was not out , in that it survived on the fringe as organic sustainability , driven in part by the loss of environmental quality and diminishing resources resulting from unsustainable practicesChapter 2Plant NamesOVERVIEWPlant nomenclature , or the naming of plants , has two approaches : common names are useful in everyday conversation . Fellowgardeners can talk about the merits of their tomatoes or the beauty of their roses . Homeowners can talk about their grass problems or decide between a rhododendron and a mountain laurel at the local nurserv . The apartment dweller might wax eloquently about his or her African violets . At the supermarket , we try to decide which lettuce is best for our salad : leaf , romaine , or iceberg.However , common names have their limitations in that they are not always ideal terms for purposes of identification or serious communication . Scientific names convey exact identification when used correctly , but are not likely to be part of a normal conversation involving plants . Both types of names serve useful roles in horticulture.Horticulturists also like to group or classify plants based on their use . Growth habits , or even how plants are related in the evolutionary sense . The functional approach based on use and from is called Horticultural classification . Such terminology is very useful when the Horticulturists or consumer selects plants for landscape and garden uses . Relationship based on evolution are central to plant(scientific)classification . As with common versus scientific names , horticultureal classification is the “working language”and plant classification is the “intellectual language .”The landscaper , gardener , and homeowner are more interested in the former , whilethe horticultural scientist or the botanist needs the latter . Both types of classification have their applications in horticulture.Chapter 3Plant Parts and FunctionsOVERVIEWAt first glance there would appear to be few essential similarities among the plants that horticulturists favor . Variety and diversity would seem to be the obvious descriptive factor . But however diverse they may look , all of these plants carry out the same basic internal processes and possess great similarity in the construction of their seemingly diverse structures .Generally , the plant body has two basic parts . The part below the ground is called the root and the aboveground part , the shoot . Roots anchor the plant . Absorb minerals and water from the soil , and conduct the absorbed materials to the stem base . Some roots also serve as food storage structures .The shoot functions include support , food manufacture , reproduction , conduction , and sometimes food storage . Stems , leaves , buds , and sometimes reproductive structures collectively form the shoot . The joint where a leaf may be borne or is borne on the stem is called a node . The space between the nodes is known asthe internode . Lateral buds are usually located at the leaf base between the leaf and stem angle . A terminal but is present at the stem apex(tip) . Buds are capable of growing into either branches that duplicate the existing shoot structures , or flowers , or both . Reproductive structures include flowers , fruits , and seeds on flowering plants and seeds on conifersThe whole plant can be broken down into smaller and smaller units , as we go from observing with the human eye to using a light microscope and finally to using an electron microscope . In order of decreasing size , these morphological structures and anatomical features are organs , tissue systems , tissues , and the cell with its cellular components . Roots , shoots , buds , leaves , flowers , fruits ,cones , and seeds can be broken down into tissue systems , then tissues , and finally cells .Chapter 4Plant ProcessesThe life of a plant from sexual or asexual propagation through maturity is a complex process . Growth occurs by cell division and enlargement that increases plant size . Simultaneously with growth , the plant develops its mature from using cellular differentiation to produce organs such as stems , leaves , roots , flowers , fruits , andseeds . Both of these steps are dependent on genes that direct a series of complex and well-intergrated biochemical changes . These metabolic and other biochemical processes are reasonably understood through the conyinuing efforts of plant physiologists and biochemists . A basic understanding of essential plant processes—photosynthesis , respiration , photorespiration , transpiration ,and other metabolic processes-will heighten the horticulturist’s knowledge of crops and provide a better understanding of the basis for specific horticultural practices .Chapter 5Plant DevelopmentOVERVIEWThe collective processes of growth ahd differentiation over time form the mature plant.Growth is defined as an irreversible increase in size,caused by a combination of cell division and enlargement. Growth alone cannot lead to the formation of an organized plant body.Differentiation denotes the procrsses involved in the establishment of distinctive differences in the structures and functions of various cells and tissues and organs.The combined,integrated activities of cellular plant growth and differentiation are defined as plant development.Genes control development by regulating a complex array ofbiochemical events that are mediated by hormones.Understanding the functions of genes in development is critical to improving plants through genetic engineering.The focus here is to understand development on the macro level and the influence of genes and hormones.Chapter 6Plants and Their EnvironmentalOVERVIEWPlants,like living organisms,have environmental needs.These requirements must be satisfied if plants are to thrive and be productive.Environmental parameters influencing plants include climate,water,temperature,light,and soil.All play a major role in the development and productivity of plants.A thorough understanding of these relationships is needed before we can appreciate horticultural practices designed for,at best,management of these environmental parameters,In some cases we must be satisfied with practices that help us make the best of what are sometimes less than perfect or unconyrollable environments.Knowledge of environmental parameters also helps us with our attempts to sustain soil and water resources and to minimize pollution of on-farm environmentsChapter 7Plant PropagationOVERVIEWThe propagation of plants and ultimately their improvement are fundamental to the horticulturist.Success in both areas requires a basic knowledge of the science behind plant propagation.This science includes plant structure,development,and metabolism,all of which were covered in Section One.Knowledge of technical propagation skills is even more essential.These techniques,once mastered,must be matched with the appropriate plant materials.Issues of sustainability with propagation are concerned witn environmental and inputs and resources.Basic resources include the materials in propagation media,such as vermiculite and peat moss,and inputs include fertilizers,pesticides,and fungicides.Environmental management of propagation resources and inputs is coeverd here.Propogation resources and inputs in the greenhouse and field are covered later in chapter 13 and 11,respectively.Chapter 8Conventional Horticultural Crop BreedingOVERVIEWHorticultural productivity and quality have continuously improved ever since the cultivation of horticultural crops by humans began.Much of this improvement was a result of deliberate,artificial selection overmany years,essentially saving seeds from the best field plants for use next season.The genotypes of our current food crops owe their heritage to farmers seed-saving choices over thousands of years.With the advent of plant genetics in the early 1900s,a scientific basis for plant improvement was estsblished(see Chapter 5).The resulting technology allowed the plant breeder to manipulate plants.Knowledge about genetics brought about the more rapid production of plants with a directed selection for better characteristics.Crop improvement was no longer dependent on the random appearance of different individuals with desirable features.The only drawback to conventional plant breeding was the limitation of sexual compatility and the slowness of the process.Some 10 to 20 years of work are needed to bring new cultivars into production and market availability.The advent of molecular biology techniques,especially tissue culture and recombinant DNA technology,ushered in a new era of plant improvement possibilities.Neither sexual compatibility nor growouts and selection limited choices of traits any longer.Production times were reduced to aboult 5 years.These more advanced techniques for plant improvement.Chapter 9BiotechnoligyOVERVIEWAdvancing technology has the potential to play a major role in sustainable agriculture.Its ultimate value depends from these advances.Biotechnoligy offers considerable promise,especially in its ability to transfer genes into plants (transgenic plants).Sustainable agriculture can benefit if transgenic and fertilizers.This scenario is possible through the incorporation of insect and disease resistance and the addition of nitrogen fixation grnes,respectively.If the plant is instead made herbicide resistant such that broad-spectrum herbicodes can not the grower,thus contributing little to sustainable agriculture.The overuse of Bt transgenic plants might also bring about increased pest resistance to Bt applications and reduce Bt’s usefulness to organic farmers and home gardeners.Still,many exciting possibilities exist for the future.Chapter 10Energy and the Food SystemOVERVIEWThe horticultural industry provides a large and varied array of fresh and processed vegetables,fruits.and nuts for our enjoyment.A similar situation exists for ornamentals.This abundance comes at a price--a considerable usage of energy to reduce labor—to provide chemical inputs for production and to provide processed food in markets andrestaurants,and ornamentals at florists and nurseries.Of the total energy utilized in the United States,the food industry consumes about 17%.When we look at a per capita basis,we use three times as much energr for food production in the United States than is used for all energy-consuming activities in developing countries.This usage is a major factor in our consumption of 25% of the world’s resources,even though we have only 5% of its population.A number of reasons exist as to why we should be concerned aboult energy consumption in sustainable horticulture.One is clearly a moral issue that is beyond the scope of this book.Other reasons have to do with resources and sustainability.Much of the energy consumed in horticulture production and subsequent processing and distribution of products derives from fossil fuel energy,such as oil,natural gas,and given the geological conditions and periods of time needed to produce them in nature.Based on current consumption,we will run out of economically accessible oil and natural gas at some future point(see later discussion about oil depemdency).Coal will last for another 100 years or more bryond that time.Granted,any projected dates are educated guesses and new technology or discoveries might extend the lifetimes of fossil fuels. new technology bring about much more efficient usage of fossil fuels .It might also lead to new ways to discover unknown reserves or economicalmethods to extract fuels from oil shales and sands or from the deep ocean floors.Unknown variables also cloud the picture.Energy demands from rising Second and Third World nations might exhaust energy supplies faster than predicted.Still,an end to these fuels is inevitable.Two approaches toward energy sustainability exist.One is to buy time with ing more energy-efficient farm machinery,switching to conservation tillage,and using fewer inputs can postpone the day of reckoning.Energy conservation in horticulture has been ter in this chapter we look at conservation and examine how it worked with Florida vegetable production.Another,longer range effort is to switch to renewable and alternative sources,such as solar energy,wind power,geothermal power,hydroelectric power,and biomass fuels.Chapter 11Sustaining Soil,Water,and the EnvironmentQVERVIEWSustaining soil,water,and the environment lies at the heart of sustainable horticulture.No nation will endure for long without proper maintenance of these critical farming and societal resources.The industrialization of horticuiture has moved us away from this goal.Returning to resource sustainability need not mean the end of theproductivity achieved with our highly mechanized systems.These changes need not affect profitability anic farming has already made these changes and is profitable.These changes need not totally convert conventional horticulture to organic horticulture.Systems in between can be reached in gradual increments.For example,a farmer could elect to increase soil organic matter,but decide to rely on IPM methods for pest control.These changes involve practices from the past.but also newer ones,such as precision farmingChapter12Home Horticulture BasicsOVERVIEWThe homeowner has more latitude than the commercial horticulturist does in that business success is not the homeowner's wns and home landscapes arre creatived and maintained for esthetic reasons ang to privide pleasurable areas for outdoor activities. The only monetary profit derived from these horticultural activities is an enhanced sales price when the home is sold.Gardening is a hobby done for joy,recreation,and health.The rewards are frresh vegetables,fruits,cut flowers,or herbs,not necessarily profits.The gardener can grow crops in marginal locations and focus on improving soil in areas.He or she can try new cultivarsshrug off the vagaries of weather or the unexpected insects anddiseases,take horticultural chances,experiment with techniques,and speng as much or little as desired in gardening activities.Even within this context,the gardener is wisely advised to refer back to Chapter 11 and the discussion about climate, microclkimate,site selection,and soil tests.Much of the information of importance to commercial producers is useful to homeowner involved with landscsping,lawns,and gardens,and complements the discussion of similar topics in this chapter.Basic information for your local area can be gleaned from established gardeners in your neighborhood.Local extension offices in your state,your state university,and your state agricultural experiment station are alsi good sources of information for the homeowner and gardener.Their locations and telephone numbers are found in the goverment listings in your telephone book.Some states have a Master Gardener progrram available through extension offices.Master Gardeners are volunteer,trained gardeners who can answer most gardening,landscsping,or lawn care questions and concerns and are a source of considerable information.Much information is also available from books,Web chat rooms for gardeners,and certain Web sites(see listing at end of chapter).Garden clubs are also a good information source and offer the chance to enjoy the company of other gardeners.Don't forget your local nursery or garden center;these vendors often provide usefulinformation to their customers.Finally,a number of good horticultural magazines offer information and creative ideas.A few basics are all you need to enjoy a lifetime of gardening activity.Chapter 13Managing Enclosed Plant EnvironmentsOVERVIEWHorticulturists use several enclosed plant environments , mostly for conventional propagation and , to a lesser extent , for frost protection , growth enhancement , hardening of plants , and plant display . Some depend totally to partially on natural conditions , while others are entirely dependent on controlled environments . All involve enclosed structures requiring energy inputs . Sometimes solar energy suffices , but fossil fuel inputs are usually needed . Alternative environments are an important part of horticulture and will be considered here . Examples include cloches , cold frames , greenhouses , hotbeds , lathhouses , row covers , sun-heated pits , and tunnels . Facilities for micropropagation , high-technology laboratories ,were covered in Chapter 10Chapter 14Controlling Growth by Physical , Biological , and Chemical Means OVERVIEWThe horticulturist uses indirect practices to control plant developmentthrough the manipulation of the plant’s outdoor environment . However , more direct control of plane development through physical ,biological , and chemical means is both feasible and highly satisfactory . Physical and biological techniques are among the oldest forms of control , and are still indispensable today , especially from a sustainability perspective . Chemical controls are relatively newer and will become increasingly sophisticated as our understanding of the molecular biology and biochemistry behind plant development expands . The control of plant development is an important tool of the horticulturist , which , if properly mastered , will pay worth-while dividends .The importance of the relationship of basic horticultural practices to the success of physical , chemical , and biological control cannot be stressed enough . Plants must have good vigor for best results . Vigor depends on proper identification of all environment conditions in a site(site analysis) . Once these conditions are known , the horticulturist can better select plants suited to that environment , whether the site is to be left natural or modified where possible to maximize plant development . After the planting are established , cultural practices are directed toward maintaining sound plant development . With good cultural conditions , the physical , biological , and chemical practices of controlling plant development can be expected to yield their best results .Chapter 15Plant ProtectionOVERVIEWHorticulturists are faced with a number of plant pests that coexist in the horticultural ecosystem . Failure to control these pests can result in consequences that vary in severity . These consequences might only be minor plant damage and some distress for the horticulturist or ,worse , loss of plants . A horticulturist responsible for a vegetable crop or a landscape planting that suffers from pest damage because of failure to control pests could quickly lose his or her professional standing . Control of plant pests , or plant protection , involves a number of steps . First , the horticulturist must recognize the possibility or existence of a problem . In this regard it is important to be knowledgeable with redpect to plant susceptibility to attacks by plant pests and under what environmental conditions and during which time window a plant is most susceptible . The horticulturist must also be capable of recognizing the presence of a plant pest at its initial appearance ,Or after it causes a plant response or symptom , and be able to identify the pest once it is discovered . Some pests can only the identified when they are considered in conjunction with the symptoms . Identification is followed by an assessment to determine if control is needed , the control required to eliminate the pest , the method ofapplication , timing of application(s) , how much is needed , phytotoxicity and off-site environmental impact(with chemical controls) , and effects of control on population balance between beneficial organisms and pests .Chapter 16Ornamental HorticultureOVERVIEWThe ornamental horticultural industry (crop production , not services) had gross sales of ＄9.3billion in 1998 . Commercial production activities involve the propagation , production , and marketing of floricultural , garden , nursery , turf , and miscellaneous crops . The service is involved with landscape design and the selection , installation , and maintenance of ornamental plant in the landscape . Although outdoor landscaping services dominate the market , considerable maintenance of interiorscapes in offices , malls , and businesses occurs . The ornamental horticultural industry can be broken down into several specialized sectors . Some are involved with crop production : floriculture , nursery , unfinished plants and propagation materials , seeds , bulbs , Christmas trees , and turf crops . Others are involved with service aspects : landscape design industry , landscape maintenance industry , and interior plantscaping industryEach area is considered here on its own merit as a viable , working concept , but the blurred distinction sometimes introduced by commercial consolidation should be kept in mind . For example , bedding plant producers often produce both flowering annuals and vegetables , such as tomatoes and peppers . Production nurseries can sell fruit and nut trees in addition to woody landscape plants . The underlying concept is still the plants propagated , grown , and sold . Data for ornamental crop sales and rank are shown in Table 16-1Chapter 17Vegetables and HerbsOVERVIEWOlericulture is the branch of horticulture that deals with the production , storage , processing , and marketing of vegetables . What amount of vegetables and herbs are grown in a sustainable manner is unknown , because current statistics from the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service do not differentiate among differing systems of vegetable and herb production . Part of the problem is that the exact limits of what constitutes sustainable horticulture have not been clearly defined . Only one part of sustainable horticulture , organic farming , has been clearly defined such that a certification process exists . Individual states and recent federal government standards allow for thetracking of organic crops and products . According to the latest data released in 2000 by the Economic Research Service of the USDA ,certified organic cropland doubled in the 1992-1997 period .The number of certified organic farmers in the United States jumped to 7,800 for an increase of 18% over 1999 . The organic market(all aspects and crops) is now at ＄7.7 billion . The aver age U.S certified organic vegetable farm is roughly 12 acres as opposed to 70 acres for the conventional vegetable farm . Trends in Agriculture 2000 indicates that roughly one-fourth of U.S farmers believe that they are operating as sustainable farmers . About 10% of vegetable farmers thought their practices were sustainable .Chapter 18Fruits and NutsOVERVIEWPomology is the branch of horticulture that deals with the production , storage , processing , and marketing of fruit . What percentage of fruits is grown in a sustainable manner is unknown . Current statistics from the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service do not differentiate among differing systems of fruit production . Part of the problem is that the exact limits of what constitutes sustainable horticulture have not been clearly defined . Only one part of sustainable horticulture , organic farming , has been clearly described such that a certification processexists . Individual states and federal government standards allow for the tracking of organic crops and products .The acreage devoted to the organic production of fruits and nuts in the United States totaled 40,000 acres in 1997 . Trends in Agriculture 2000 , a survey conducted by the Gallup Organization , indicates that roughly one-fourth of U.S. farmers believe that are operating as sustainable farmers . About 33% of tree crop producers(tree fruits and nuts) though their practices were sustainable .。
园林专业英语词汇大全
主入口大门/岗亭main entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle & pedestrian) 次入口/岗亭2nd entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle & pedestrian)商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr.水景water feature小型露天剧场mini amphi-theatre迎宾景观welcoming feature观景木台timber deck (viewing)竹园bamboo garden漫步广场walkway plaza露天咖啡廊out door café巨大迎宾水景-2 grand welcoming feature -2木桥timber bridge洞穴grotto吊桥hanging bridge休憩台地(低处) lounging terrace(lower)休憩台地(高处) lounging terrace(upper)特色踏步feature stepping stone野趣小溪river wild儿童乐园children's playground旱冰道slide羽毛球场badminton court旱景dry landscape日艺园Japanese garden旱喷泉dry fountain观景台viewing deck游泳池swimming pool极可意Jacuzzi嬉水池wading pool儿童泳池children's pool蜿蜒水墙winding wall石景雕塑rock sculpture中心广场central plaza健身广场exercise plaza桥bridge交流广场meditating plaza趣味树阵tree battle formation停车场parking area特色花架trellis雕塑小道sculpture trail(高尔夫)轻击区putting green高尔夫球会所golf clubhouse每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit篮球场basketball court网球场tennis court阶梯坐台terracing seatwall广场main plaza森林forest garden石景园rockery garden旱溪dry stream凉亭Pavilion户外淋浴outdoor shower拉膜结构tensile structure台阶stair高尔夫球车停车场parking(golf car)健身站exercise station晨跑小路jogging footpath车道/人行道driveway/sidewalk人行漫步道promenade瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) water fall and dancing fountain (entry plaza)特色入口entry feature石景广场rockery plaza园林学Landscape architecture gardenarchitecture造园学Garden making, landscape gardening环境园艺学Environmental horticulture观赏园艺学Ornamental horticulture园林艺术garden art园林美学Garden aesthetics园林建筑学Garden architecture园林建筑Garden building园林工程Garden engineering园林植物Landscape plant观赏植物Ornamental plant盆景Miniature landscape,penjing园林Garden and park园林学史History Of garden architecture园林规划Garden planning,landscaping planning园林设计Garden design园林机具设备Gardening machine园林管理Garden management园林生态Landscape ecology绿化greening,planting环境绿化Environmental greening绿地面积Green area绿地率Ratio Of green space城市绿化覆盖率Urban Green coverage工厂绿化Factory greening,factory garden-ing 街道绿化Street greening,street planting车行道绿化Driveway greening分车带绿化Dividing Stripe greening人行道绿化Sidewalk greening群众绿化Mass Planting movement郊区绿化Suburban greening公路绿化Highway greening铁路绿化Railway greening,railway planting堤岸种植Bank planting阳台绿化Balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening屋顶绿化Roof greening垂直绿化Vertical greening攀缘绿化Climber greening桥头绿化Bridgehead greening花园garden专类花园Specified flower garden花园村Garden village园林城市Landscape garden city蔷薇园Rose garden松柏园Conifer garden球根园Bulb garden宿根园Perennial garden假山园Rock garden,Chinese rockery狩猎场Hunting ground街心花园Street crossing center garden小游园Petty Street garden水景园Water garden铺地园Paved garden野趣园Wild plants botanical garden野生植物园Wild plants garden乡趣园Rustic garden盆景园Penjing garden,miniature land-scape 动物园zoo,zoological garden墓园Cemetery garden沼泽园Bog and marsh garden水生植物园Aquatic plants garden学校园School garden室内花园Indoor garden芳香花园Fragrant garden盲人花园Garden for the blind公园park,Public park城市公园City park,urban park区公园Regional park儿童公园Children park体育公园Sports park森林公园Forest park纪念公园Memorial park烈士纪念公园Martyr memorial park综合公园Comprehensive park文化公园Cultural park文化休憩公园Cultural and recreation park中央公园Central park天然公园Natural park海滨公园Seaside park,seabeach park古迹公园Historic site park河滨公园Riverside park湖滨公园Lakeside park路边公园Roadside park,street park娱乐公园Amusement park雕塑公园Sculpture park休憩公园Recreation park疗养公园Sanatorium park国家公园National park邻里公园Neighborhood park特种公园Special park植物园Botanical garden植物公园abeled plants park高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园medical plants garden,herb garden 绿地green space公共绿地Public green space单位绿地Unit green area城市绿地Urban green space街道广场绿地Street and square green area居住区绿地Residential quarter green area防护绿地Green area for environmental protectio n郊区绿地Suburban green space街坊绿地Residential block green belt附属绿地Attached green space生产绿地Productive plantation area苗圃nursery风景landscape,scenery自然景观Natural landscape人文景观Human landscape,scenery of humanities 草原景观Prairie landscape山岳景观Mountain landscape,alpine landscape地理景观Geographical landscape湖泊景观Lake view郊区景观Suburban landscape地质景观Geological landscape喀斯特景观Karst landscape植物景观Plants landscape,flora landscape中国古典园林Classical Chinese garden中国传统园林Traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林Ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑Imperial palace garden皇家园林Royal garden私家园林Private garden江南园林Garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林Western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le-Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园Peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden阿房宫E-Pang Palace上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫Luoyang Palace华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden 景view,scenery,feature 远景Distant view近景Nearby view障景Obstructive scenery,blocking view借景Borrowed scenery,view borrowing对景Opposite scenery,view in opposite place缩景Miniature scenery,abbreviated scenery漏景Leaking through scenery框景Enframed scenery尾景Terminal feature主景Main feature副景Secondary feature配景Objective view夹景Vista line,vista前景Front view背景background景序Order of sceneries景点Feature spot,view spot仰视景观Upward landscape俯视景观Downward landscape季相景观Seasonal phenomena气象景观Meteorological diversity scenery视野Visual field秋色Fall color,autumn color园林空间Garden space开敞空间Wide open space, wide space封闭空间Enclosure space意境artistic conception,poetic imagery苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness,airiness动观in-motion viewing静观in-position viewing视错觉Visual illusion园林艺术布局Artistic layout of garden对称平衡Symmetrical balance不对称平衡Asymmetrical balance左右对称Bilateral symmetry辐射对称Radial symmetry透景线Perspective line轴线axis,axial line主轴Main axis副轴Auxiliary axis暗轴Hidden axis,invisible axis树冠线skyline园林色彩艺术Art of garden colors单色谐调Monochromatic harmony复色谐调Compound chromatic harmony对比色突出Contrast colors accent近似色谐调Approximate colors harmony暖色Warm color冷色Cool color色感Color sense城市绿地系统规划Urban green space system planning 绿地系统Green space system公共绿地定额Public green space quota公共绿地指标Public green space norm绿地布局Green space layout吸引圈Attractive circle吸引距离Attractive distance有效半径Effective radius绿地资源Green space resource绿地效果Green space effect绿地规划程序Planning procedure of the green space空间规划Space planning形象规划Image plan实施规划Implementary plan必要生活空间Necessary living space余暇生活空间Leisure time living space利用频度Usage frequency树种规划Planning of trees and shrubs绿地类型Typeof green space环状绿型Annular green space块状绿地Green plot点状绿地Green spot放射状绿地Radiate green space楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space缓冲绿地Buffer green space防音绿地Noiseproof green space科学景观论Scientific landscape theory园林保留地Reserve garden公园规划park planning园林总体规划Garden master planning总平面规划Site planning园林分区Garden zoning安静休息区Tranquil rest area儿童活动区Children playing space儿童游戏场Children playground, playlot体育运动区Sports activities area野餐区Picnic place散步区Pedestrian space群众集会区Mass meeting square观赏植物区Ornamental plants area观赏温室区Display greenhouse area, display conservator y area草坪区Lawn space绿荫区Shade tree section历史古迹区Historical relics area青少年活动区Youngsters activities area诱鸟区Bird sanctuary area钓鱼区Fishing center野营区Camp site游人中心Visitors center服务中心Service center探险游乐场Adventure ground文化活动区Cultural activities area道路系统Approach system, road system环形道路系统Circular road system方格形道路系统Latticed road system放射形道路系统Radiate road system自然式道路系统Informal road system规整式道路系统Formal road system混合式道路系统Mixed style road system园林规划图Garden planning map园林规划说明书Garden planning direction城市公园系统Urban park system公园分布Distribution of parks公园类型Park type, park category公园间距Distance between parks公园形式Park styles游览区Excursion area, open-to-public area非游览区no-admittance area办公区Administrative area服务区Service center动休息区Dynamic rest space静休息区Static rest space娱乐演出区Entertaining performance place主要入口Main entrance次要入口Secondary entrance人流量Visitors flowrate车流量Vehicle flowrate公园道路parkroad公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio游人容纳量Visitors capacity风景资源调查Landscape resource evaluation风景学scenicology风景规划Landscape plan风景设计Landscape design游览路线Touring route旅游资源Tourism resource旅游地理Tourism geography旅游地质Tourism geology历史名城Famous historical city文化名城Famous cultural city文化遗址Ancient cultural relic天然博物馆Natural open museum风景地貌naturalgeomorphology造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration风景区Scenic spot, scenic area风景名胜Famous scenery, famous scenic site特异景观风景区Specific natural scenes area民族风俗风景区Scenic spot of minority customs高山风景区Alpine scenic spot海滨风景区Seabeach scenic spot森林风景区Forest scenic spot高山草甸风景区Alpine tundra landscape spot峡谷风景区Valley scenic spot江河风景区River landscape district湖泊风景区Lake round scenic spot温泉风景区Hot spring scenic spot瀑布风景区Waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区Region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 封山育林区Region closed for afforestation天池风景区Crater lake scenic spot自然保护区Nature protection area科学保护区Protection area for scientific research天然纪念物Natural monument生物圈保护区Biosphere protection area园林设计师Landscape architect, garden designer园址测量图Garden site survey map地形图 Topographic map, contour map种植设计Planting design地形改造设计Topographical reform design种植大样图detailplanting design造价分析Cost analysis园林形式Garden style规整式园林Formal garden style非规整园林Informal garden style几何式园林Geometric garden style中国古典园林classical Chinese gardens苏州园林Suzhou Gardens拙政园The Humble Administrator’s Garden塔影亭the tower shadow Pavilion留听阁the Stay and Listen Pavilion浮翠阁the Floating Green Pavilion笠亭the Li Pavilion与谁同坐轩the “With Whom Shall I Sit?”Pavilion 宜两亭Both Families Pavilion三十六鸳鸯馆the 36 Pairs of Mandarin Ducks’ Hall 十八曼陀罗花馆the 18 Stramonium Flowers’ Hall枇杷园Loquat Garden海棠春坞Malus spring castle听雨轩the “Listen to the rain” Pavilion玲珑馆Exquisite Hall小飞虹the Small Flying Rainbow得真亭the Get Reality Pavilion小沧浪The small Pavilion of Quiet Meditation 听松风处the place for listening to the pine wind 香洲the Boat-like Structure玉兰堂the Magnolia远香堂Drifting Fragrance Hall荷风四面亭the Pavilion in the Lotus Breezes倚玉轩the Listening on Jade Pavilion待霜亭the Orange Pavilion雪香云蔚亭the Prunus Mume Pavilion柳阴路曲the zigzag pathway with willow shade 绣绮亭the Peony Pavilion见山楼the Mountain in View Tower别有洞天the Moon Gate留园The Lingering Garden华步小筑 A Scene in the Lingering Garden绿荫the Green Shade Pavilion小蓬莱the Samll Fairy Isle舒啸亭the Shuxiao Pavilion浣云沼the Huanyun Billabong明瑟搂the Pellucid Tower涵碧山房Hanbi Mountain Villa可亭Ke Ting Pavilion五峰仙馆the Celestial Hall of Five Peaks林泉耆硕之馆the Old Hermit Scholars’ House闻木樨香轩the Osmanthus Fragrance Pavilion揖峰轩the Yifeng Pavilion又一村“another village”冠云峰the Cloud Capped Peak冠云台the Cloud Capped Terrace冠云亭the Cloud Capped Pavilion曲溪楼the Zigzag Stream Tower濠濮亭the Haopu Pavilion曲廊the Zigzag Walkway清风池馆the Refreshing Breeze Pavilion by the Lake活泼泼地the Place of Liveliness网师园The Master-of-Nets Garden小山丛桂轩the Small Hill and Osmanthus Fragance Pavilion云窟月洞门the Yunku Moon Gate看松读画轩the Watching Pines and Appreciating Paitings Studio 射鸭廊the Duck Shooting Corridor月到风来亭the Moon Come with Breeze Pavilion冷泉亭the Cold Spring Pavilion殿春簃the Peony Study万卷堂the Hall of Scrolls撷绣楼the Bueaty Within Reach Tower五峰书屋the Five Peaks Library真意门the True Feeling Gate环秀山庄The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty问泉亭the Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion飞雪泉the Spring of Flying Snow水涧the Gully边楼the Side Tower补秋山房the Make-up Autumn Gallery狮子林The Lion Forest Garden燕誉堂the Yan Yu Hall海棠门洞the Chinese Flowering Crabapple Gate指柏轩the Zhi Bai Pavilion九狮峰the Nine Lions Peak古五松园the Ancient Five Pines Garden花篮厅the Flower Basket Hall真趣亭the True Delight Pavilion石舫the Stone Boat-Like Structure湖心亭the Mid-Lake Pavilion问梅阁the Putting a Question to the Wintersweet Pavilion 文天祥碑亭Wen Tianxiang Stele Pavilion扇面亭the Fan-Shaped Pavilion修竹阁the Practising Buddhism Pavilion立雪堂the Li Xue Hall艺圃The Garden of Cultivation博雅堂the Bo Ya Hall乳鱼亭the Fry Pavilion香草居the Sweetgrass House响月廊the Sound of Moon Verandah耦园The Couple’s Garden Retreat吾爱亭the Wu Ai Pavilion听橹楼the Ting Lu Tower城曲草堂the Cheng Qu Thatched Cottage载酒堂the Carrying Wine Hall还砚斋the Giving Back Inkstone Studio沧浪亭Surging Waves Pavilion明道堂the Ming Dao Hall看山楼the Looking at Mountains Tower翠玲珑the Jade and Exquisite Study清香馆the Prue Fragance Hall康熙御碑亭the Kangxi Imperial Stele Pavilion退思园The Garden of Quiet Meditation揽胜阁the Viewing Landscape Pavilion水香榭the Water Fragance Pavilion退思草堂the Thatched Cottag of Quiet Meditation 闹红一轲the Boat-Like Structure with Goldfish菰雨生凉 A Tower View by the Water眠云亭the Sleeping Cloud Pavilion畹香楼the Wan Xiang Tower怡园The Garden of Pleasant岁寒草庐the Sui Han Thatched Cottage四时潇洒亭the Four Seasons Fine Pavilion石轩the Bai Shi Pavilion石听琴the Shi Ting Qin Music Studio小沧浪亭the Small Surging Waves Pavilion锁绿轩the Locking Green Pavilion云墙the Cloud Wall画舫斋the Painted Boat Studio螺髻亭the Luo Ji Pavilion碧梧？风the Bi-Wu-Qi-Feng Pavilion北京故宫former imperial palace北海beihai lake濠濮涧Pavilion for quiet meditation画舫斋painted boat studio五龙亭five-dragon Pavilion琼华岛qionghua isle九龙墙nine-dragon wall静心斋tranquil heart studio圆明园the yuanmingyuan(garden of gardens)玉泉山jade spring(yuquan hill)方壶胜境Wonderland on Fanghu Ishand三潭印月Three Pools Mirroring the Moon西洋楼景区European Palaces黄花阵The Labyrinth谐奇趣Harmonious Wonder养雀笼Aviary方外观Belvedere龙凤水法the Dragon-Phoenix Fountain五竹亭Five Bamboo Pavilions海晏堂Hall of National peace线法山Hill of Perspective方河Square Lake线法画Perspective Landscapes蓬岛瑶台Pengdao Yaotai (Immortal Abode on Penglai Island)正觉寺Zhengjue (Enlightenment) Temple绮春园宫门Palace Gates of Qichunyuan鉴碧亭Jianbi Pavilion(Pavilion in a Blue Mirror)绮春园石残桥Remnants of a Stone Bridge涵秋馆Three-Arch Bridge of the Hanqiu(Embracing Autumn)Study仙人承露台Xianren Chenglu (Platform of Immortal Receiving Heavenly Dew) 浩然亭Haoran (Noble Spirit) Pavilion会心桥Huixin Bridge (Bridge of Understanding)别有洞天Bieyou Dongtian(Place of Unique Beauty)含经堂Hanjingtang(Tripataka Hall)颐和园the summer palace苏州街Suzhou Street仁寿殿the Hall of benevolence and longevity德和园the Garden of harmonious delights排云殿cloud dispelling hall佛香阁the tower of the fragrant buddha万寿山the Longevity Hill昆明湖kunming lake长廊the long corridor十七孔桥 a 17-span bridge听莺阁Pavilion for listening to orioles恭王府花园the mansion of the prince of gong景山公园Jingshan Park观妙亭the Guanmiao Pavilion南京瞻园the zhanyuan garden in nanjing花竺厅Hall of flower and bamboo静妙堂jingmiao hall南京煦园the xiyuan garden in nanjing夕佳楼Xijia Pavilion不系舟anchor less boat承德避暑山庄the summer mountain resort at chengde 上帝阁Pavilion of God芳洲亭the Fangzhou Pavilion水心榭shuixin chamber淡泊敬诚厅the Danbojingcheng Hall烟雨楼Pavilion of mist and rain园林专业外语词汇6金山寺jinshan temple上海豫园yuyuan garden in shanghai玉玲珑yulinglong rock殿春堂the dianchun Pavilion龙墙the dragon wall万花厅the ten thousand flower Pavilion香山公园xiangshan park古漪园guyi garden艺圃yipu garden虎丘tiger hill瘦西湖slim west lake个园geyuan garden鹤园heyuan garden天坛the temple of heaven西湖west lake沈园shenyuan garden杜甫草堂du fu’s thatched hut中国风景名胜区 scenic resort and historic site in China 五岳Five Famous Mountains佛教四大名山Four Buddhist Holy Mountains岩洞风景karst landescape石林风景forest of rock太湖风景区Taihu Lake scenic resort杭州西湖West Lake,Hangzhou雁荡山风景区Yandangshan Mountain scenic spot 黄山风景区Huangshan Mountain scenic spot武夷山风景区Wuyishan Mountain scenic spot庐山Lushan Mountain武当山风景区Wudangshan Mountain scenic spot 桂林山水landscape of Guilin日月潭Riyue Pool国家公园national park休养胜地place for resort意大利传统园林Traditional Italian garden法尔奈斯庄园Villa Palazzina Farnese埃斯特庄园Villa Deste兰特庄园Villa Lante波波里花园Boboli Garden加尔佐尼庄园Villa Garzoni冈贝里亚庄园Villa Gamberaia阿尔多布兰迪尼庄园Villa Aldoblandini伊索拉"贝拉庄园Villa Isola Bella玛达玛庄园Villa Madama西赛罗Marcus Cicero小普林尼 C. Caecilius Plinius Secundus科西莫"德"美第奇Cosimo de Medici罗伦佐"德"美第奇Lorenzo de Medici阿尔贝蒂Leon Battista Alberti多纳托"布拉曼特Donato Bramante拉斐尔Raphael吉阿柯莫"达"维涅奥拉Giacomo da Vignola利戈里奥Pirro Ligorio法国传统园林Traditional French garden谢农索庄园Chenonceaux Castle维兰德利庄园Villandry Castle卢森堡花园Luxembourg Garden沃-勒-维贡特庄园Vaux-Le-Vicomte Castle枫丹白露宫苑Fontainebleau Palace凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace丢勒里宫苑Tuileries Palace商蒂伊庄园Chantilly Castle索园Sceaux Park蒙梭公园Moceau Park肖蒙山丘公园Buttes-Chaumont Park皮埃尔"德"迈柯利阿诺Pasello da Mercogliano弗朗索瓦一世Francois ler杜塞尔索家族Les Du Cerceau莫莱家族Les Mollet雅克"布瓦索Jacques Boyceau de la Baraudi路易十四Louis Xiv安德烈"勒"诺特尔Andre Le Notre让"雅克"卢梭Jean Jacques Rousseaux吉拉丹侯爵Louis-Rene,le marquis de Girardin阿尔方Jean Charles Adolphe Alphand爱德华"安德烈Edourd Andre英国传统园林Traditional English garden查兹沃斯风景园Chatsworth布伦海姆风景园Blenheim Palace斯陀园Stowe斯托海德风景园Stourhead霍华德庄园Castle Howard皇家植物园邱园Royal Botanic Gardens Kew尼曼斯花园Nymans汉普顿宫苑Hampton Court约翰"罗斯John Rose乔治"卢顿和亨利"怀斯Gorge Loudon and Henri Wise威廉"坦普尔Willian Temple约瑟夫"艾迪生Joseph Addison亚历山大"蒲柏Alexander Pope斯梯芬"斯威特则Stephen Switzer凡布高和查理"布里奇曼John Vanbrugh and Charles Bridgeman 威廉"肯特William Kent朗塞洛特"布朗Lancelot Brown威廉"钱伯斯William Chambers胡弗莱"雷普顿Humphry Repton德国传统园林Traditional Germany garden慕尼黑宫廷花园Hofgarten Muenchen赫恩豪森Herrenhausen威廉山Wilhelmshoehe沃尔利兹园林群Woerlitz魏玛Weimar什未钦根Schwetzingen顺恩布什Schoenbusch英国园Englischer Garten纽芬堡Nymphenburg卡尔斯奥Karlsaue无忧宫Sanssouci孔雀岛和蒂尔加腾Pfaueninsel and Tiergarten慕斯考Muskau勃兰尼茨Branitz慕尼黑奥林匹克公园Olympiapark Muenchen波恩莱茵公司Rheinpark Bonn慕尼黑西园Westpark Muenchen苏尔泽J.G.Sulzer斯开尔Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell莱内Peter Josef Lenne平克勒Ludwig Heinrich Fuerst von Pueckler Muskau西雅图自由大道公园Freeway Park,Seattle意大利广场Plazzad Italia威尔榭广场Wilshire Plaza派利公园Paley Park佩讯广场Pershing Square圣琼斯市广场公园San Jose Plaza Work墨西哥城新遗址公园New Mexico City New Park喷泉广场Fountain PlazaRIO购物中心RIO Shoppong Center太平洋贝尔公司行政中心Pacific Bell Administration Center 油库公园Gas Works Park蟾蜍楼花园Toad Hall沃特里奇公司工业广场Wateridge Corporate Business Park 罗宾逊广场Robinson Square哈乐昆广场Harlequin plaza冬园—尼亚加拉瀑布Winter Garden-Niagara Fall弗雷德里克奥姆斯特德Fredrick Law Olmsted罗伯托伯利马克斯Roberto Burle Marx路易斯巴拉干Luis Barragan丹基利Dan Kiley佐佐木英夫Hideo Sasaki彼特沃克Peter Walker乔治哈格里夫斯George Hargreaves人类生态环境human ecological environment自然系统natural system自然资源natural resource自然保护conservation of nature自然保存natural preservation环境保护environmental protection环境容量environment capacity环境适宜性environment fitness环境空气质量标准ambient air quality共生symbiosis互惠共生mutualism公害public nuisance生态绝灭ecological extinction生态系统ecosystem生态圈ecosphere生态灾难ecological disaster环境质量environmental quality环境压力environment stress生命维持系统life-support system反馈系统feedback system自养生物autotroph异养生物heterotroph食物链foodchain生物圈biosphere濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant 主体群落major community人工群落artificial community绿色革命green revolution户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource原始环境系统wilderness environment system 近代环境系统modern environment system乡村生活模式country life-pattern烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution雾害fog pollution霜害frost injury水污染water pollution土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination园林小气候garden microclimate环境保护植物environmental conservation plant 引气候调节climatic regulation自动调节机能homeostasis生态平衡ecological homeostasis森林生态系统forest ecosystem草原生态系统prairie ecosystem滞尘植物dust holding plant自然式园林Natural garden style混合式园林Mixed garden style近代巴洛克式园林Modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden园林区划Garden area division园林分区规划Garden block planning庭院花园Courtyard garden前庭Front yard, forecourt后庭Back yard, rear yard中庭patio厨园Kitchen yard沉[床]园Sunken garden窗园Window garden墙园Wall garden宅园Home garden台地园Terrace garden冬园Winter garden切花园Cut flower garden屋顶花园Roof garden后花园Back yard garden园林地形改造Topographical reform of garden 土山Earth piled hill, mound artificial假山rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 黄石Yellowish brown stone人造假山石Artificial stone, man-made stone 孤赏石monolith, standing stone掇山Piled stone hill, hill making叠石Stones laying板石Flag stone散点石Scattered stone抱角石Corner stone屋基石Foundation stone排衙石Guard stone屏石Screen stone石岸Rock bank石阶Stone steps汀步Stepping stone on water surface附壁石Stone appended to wall石花台Stone flower bed石凳Stone bench假山石挡土墙Rock retaining wall干砌石Dry stone wall假山石楼梯Rock Stairway石亭Stone Pavilion石洞Stone cavern石窟grotto置石Stone arrangement, stone layout拱石Arch stone拱顶石Key stone园林水景Water scenes of garden水体Water body水面Water surface水池pool水塘pond喷泉fountain喷水池Fountain pool涉水池Wading pool倒影池Mirror pool, reflecting pool睡莲池water-lily pool喷水管布置Piping schema钓鱼塘Fishing pond高水位池塘High water table pond池边坐人矮墙Seat wall surrounded pool隐头喷泉Secret fountain岛园Island garden半岛园Peninsula garden小岛isle瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade湖lake矶Rock projecting over water水帘洞Water curtain cave园桥Garden bridge拱桥Arch bridge石板桥Stone slab bridge木板桥Plank bridge圆木桥Log bridge亭桥Pavilion bridge曲桥Zigzag bridge壁泉Wall fountain饮水喷头Drinking fountain植物配植Plant arrangement树木配植Arrangement of trees and shrubs 群植Group planting, mass planting孤植Specimen planting, isolated planting 丛植Clump planting组植Group planting林植Forest planting列植Linear planting对植Opposite planting, coupled planting 环植Circular planting带植Belt planting散植Scattered planting, loose planting边缘种植Edge planting边界种植Boundary planting整形种植Architectural planting基础种植Foundation planting角隅种植Corner planting景框种植Planting as enframent门卫种植Guard planting篱恒种植Fence planting障景种植Screen planting背景种植Background planting林下种植Underwood planting路边种植Roadside planting绿篱hedge树墙espalier庭荫树Shade tree园景树Specimen tree风景林Amenity forest,ornamental forest行道树Avenue tree, street tree纪念林Memorial forest整型树Topiary tree花篱Flower hedge'刺篱Thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱Evergreen hedge落叶绿篱Deciduous hedge高篱High hedge沟中边篱hah-hah fence图案矮篱Pattern dwarf hedge迷宫绿篱Labyrinth hedge整剪绿篱Clipped hedge自然式花篱Natural flowering hedge边篱Boundary fence园篱Garden fence, garden hedge纯林Pure forest混交林mixed forest林间隙地open space in woodland杂木林spinney树冠覆盖面tree canopy草坪lawn整形草坪formal lawn开花草坪flowering lawn牧场草坪meadowy land花坛flower bed路边花坛roadside flower bed带状花坛ribbon flower bed时钟花坛flower clock盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed高设花台Raised flower bed毛毡花坛carpet bed镶嵌花坛mosaic bed铺石花坛paved bed灌木花坛shrub bed图案花坛群parterre草药花坛herbaceous flower bed花结花坛knot bed整形花坛formal flower bed花境flower border花桶Flower tub植树箱Planting box活动花坛Movable flower bed瓶饰Garden vase灌木花境Shrub border混合花境Mixed border园林道路设计Garden road design, garden path design 漫步路trail, footway小径alley, path川草坪岛Lawn island安全岛Traffic island, refuge island转弯曲度Turning curvature转弯半径Turning radius踏面Landing pitch步石Stepping stone涉水踏步Wading step错铺路Crazy paving path随意组合方石板路Flag stone path paved at random 花纹路Pattern path林荫路mall林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway林间小道Path in woodland种植池Planting bed树池保护格栅Tree grate树干保护套栏Tree guard树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting 路面线纹Score line传统园林建筑traditional garden building 凉亭summer shelter活树亭arbor, tent arbor蘑菇亭mushroom Pavilion茅亭thatched Pavilion竹亭bamboo Pavilion茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk回廊cloister水廊corridor on water曲廊zigzag veranda扒山廊sloping gallery楼廊two-storied gallery画舫painted pleasure boat石舫stone boat不击舟immovable pleasure boat诗条石poem-engraved stone slab月洞门moon gate扶手栏杆handrail坐凳栏杆seat rail石碑stone tablet, stele园林露天剧场open garden theater园林露天舞池open garden dancing place露天音乐台outdoor music stand眺望台prospect deck繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse 展览温室public conservatory月池new-moon pool园林小品small garden ornaments磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet园椅garden chair, garden seat园凳garden bench园桌garden table园灯garden lamp日规sundial鸟浴bird bath鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box鸟笼bird cage, bird coop悬篮hanging basket野鸟喂食器bird feeder额匾horizontal inscribed board楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar引露天烤炉open barbecue树棚living-tree pergola花架pergola花格架trellis, treillage点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway园林施工garden layout, garden construction种植工程planting engineering大树移植big tree transplanting裸根移植bare root transplanting土球移植ball transplanting沟植trench planting假植heeling in, temporary planting播种草坪seeding lawn铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn假山工程rockery engineering掇山五法five methods” of rock piling等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part上轻下重法method of lowering the center ofgravity of rocks纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub观叶植物foliage plant观果植物fruit-effect plant观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches指示植物indicating plant主景植物accent plant耐湿植物damp tolerant plant抗风植物wind-resistant plant耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plant市花city flower市树city tree国花national flower国树national tree芳香植物fragrant plant抗污染植物pollution resistant plant环保植物environment protecting plant高山植物alpine plant岩生植物rock plant攀缘植物climbing plant, climber地被植物ground cover plant阴生植物shade plant装饰植物decorative plant装缘植物edging plant绿蓠植物hedge plant草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass花坛植物bedding plant球根植物bulbous plant宿根植物perennial plant, perennial水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte旱生植物xerophyte沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant 切花cut flower垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant针叶植物needle-leaved plant阔叶植物broad-leaved plant斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant松柏植物conifer常绿植物evergreen plant半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant不耐寒植物tender plant半耐寒植物half-hardy plant耐寒植物hardy plant耐旱植物drought enduring plant山石材料stone material昆山石Kunshan stone钟乳石stalactite灵壁石Lingbi stone英德石Yingde stone青石Qing stone宣石Xuan stone房山石Fangshan stone观赏动物ornamental animal观赏鸟类ornamental bird观赏兽类ornamental beast观赏昆虫类ornamental insect园林机械Garden machine园林工具Garden instrument,garden implement 园林设备Garden equipment花坛分界隔板Plastic bed divider种植容器Planting container。
(2021年整理)园艺专业英语
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萼片sepal花瓣 petal雄蕊 stamen心皮 carpel转化 transform突变体 mutant花的 floral繁殖的reproductive草坪dormant 休眠turfgrass 草坪草lawn 草坪草mower 割草机mulch覆盖，覆盖物（n）;覆盖树根(vt）mulch applicator 覆膜机Lolium 黑麦草属tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) 高羊茅perennial 多年生的annual 一年生植物（n)；一年生的（adj)ryegrass （Lolium perenne）黑麦草productive高产的productivity 生产力cultivate栽培，耕作cultivar 品种cultivation under cover保护地栽培cultural practice栽培措施,栽培技术，栽培实践culture system栽培系统forage 草料翻译Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb。
） is widely planted in many regions of the world and is closely related to a lot of Lolium species including perennial r yegrass （Lolium perenne）and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). The Festuca-Lolium complex possesses well—adapted, highly productive grass species。
【英语】园林专业英语词汇
【关键字】英语园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture园林garden and park绿化greening, planting城市绿化urban green, urban planting城市绿地urban green space公园绿地public park公园park儿童公园children park动物园zoo植物园botanical garden墓园cemetery garden盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape盲人公园park for the blind花园garden历史名园historical garden and park风景名胜公园famous scenic park纪念公园memorial park街旁绿地roadside green space带状公园linear park专类公园theme park岩石园rock garden社区公园community park生产绿地productive plantation area防护绿地green buffer, green area for environmental protection附属绿地attached green space居住绿地green space attachéd to housing estate, residential green space 道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square屋顶花园roof garden立体绿化vertical planting风景林地scenic forest land城市绿地系统urban green space system城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning绿地覆盖面积green coverage绿地覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage绿地率greening rate, ratio of green space绿带green belt楔形绿地green wedge城市绿地boundary line of urban green space园林史landscape history, garden history古典园林classical garden囿hunting park苑imperial park皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden寺庙园林monastery garden园林艺术garden art相地site investigation造景landscaping借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing园林意境poetic imagery of garden透景线perspective line插花flower arrangement季相seasonal appearance of plant园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 园林布局garden layout园林设计garden design公园最大游人量maximum visitors capacity in park 地形设计topographical design园路设计garden path design种植设计planning design孤植specimen planning对植opposite planning, coupled planting列植linear planting群植group planting, mass planting园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant古树名木historical tree and famous wood species 地被植物ground cover plant攀缘植物climbing plant, climber温室植物greenhouse plant花卉flowering plant行道树avenue tree, street tree草坪lawn绿篱hedge花篱flower hedge花境flower border人工植物群落man-made planting habitat园林建筑garden building园林小品small garden ornaments园廊veranda, gallery, colonnade水榭waterside pavilion舫boat house园亭garden pavilion, pavilion圆台platform月洞门moon gate花架pergola, trellis园林楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar园林匾额bian’e in garden园林工程garden engineering绿化工程plant engineering大树移植big tree transplanting假植heeling in, temporary planting基础种植foundation planting种植成活率ratio of living tree适地适树planting according to the environment造型修剪topiary园艺horticulture假山rockwork, artificial hill置石stone arrangement, stone layout掇山piled stone hill, hill making塑山man-made rockwork园林理水water system layout in garden驳岸revetment in garden喷泉fountain风景名胜区landscape and famous scenery国家重点风景名胜区national park of China风景名胜区规划landscape and famous scenery planning 风景名胜famous scenery,famous scenic site风景资源scenery resource景物view, feature景点feature spot, view spot景区scenic zone景观landscape, scenery游览线touring route环境容量environmental capacity国家公园national park造园术Garden Craft造园Garden Making园林设计Garden Design造园艺术Garden Art果园fruit Garden厨园Kitchen Garden药草园Herb Garden绿色雕塑园Topiary Garden迷园Maze、Labyrinth结纹园Knot Garden花坛园Parterre毛毡花坛Carpet bed阶地露坛式园林Terrace Garden平地几何式园林Flate Geometric Garden英国自然风景式园林(The English Landscape School)园林学标准英语大全园林学总论园林学landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 造园学garden making, landscape garden-ing环境园艺学environmental horticulture观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture园林艺术garden art园林美学garden aesthetics园林建筑学garden architecture园林建筑garden building园林工程garden engineering园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant盆景miniature landscape, penjing园林garden and park园林学史history of garden architecture园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning园林设计garden design园林机具设备gardening machine园林管理garden management园林生态landscape ecology绿化greening, planting环境绿化environmental greening绿地面积green area绿地率ratio of green space城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing街道绿化street greening, street planting车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening人行道绿化sidewalk greening群众绿化mass planting movement郊区绿化suburban greening公路绿化highway greening铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting 堤岸种植bank planting阳台绿化balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening屋顶绿化roof greening垂直绿化vertical greening攀缘绿化climber greening桥头绿化bridgehead greening花园garden专类花园specified flower garden花园村garden village园林城市landscape garden city蔷薇园rose garden松柏园conifer garden球根园bulb garden宿根园perennial garden假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery狩猎场hunting ground街心花园street crossing center garden小游园petty street garden水景园water garden铺地园paved garden野趣园wild plants botanical garden野生植物园wild plants garden乡趣园rustic garden盆景园penjing garden, miniature land-scape 动物园zoo, zoological garden墓园cemetery garden沼泽园bog and marsh garden水生植物园aquatic plants garden学校园school garden室内花园indoor garden芳香花园fragrant garden盲人花园garden for the blind公园park, public park城市公园city park, urban park社区公园regional park儿童公园children park体育公园sports park森林公园forest park纪念公园memorial park烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park综合公园comprehensive park文化公园cultural park文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park中央公园central park天然公园natural park海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park古迹公园historic site park河滨公园riverside park湖滨公园lakeside park路边公园roadside park, street park娱乐公园amusement park雕塑公园sculpture park休憩公园recreation park疗养公园sanatorium park国家公园national park邻里公园neighborhood park特种公园special park植物园botanical garden植物公园abeled plants park高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 绿地green space公共绿地public green space单位绿地unit green area城市绿地urban green space街道广场绿地street and square green area居住区绿地residential quarter green area防护绿地green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地suburban green space街坊绿地residential block green belt附属绿地attached green space生产绿地productive plantation area苗圃nursery风景landscape, scenery自然景观natural landscape人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 草原景观prairie landscape山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape 地理景观geographical landscape湖泊景观lake view郊区景观suburban landscape地质景观geological landscape喀斯特景观karst landscape植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape园林史中国园林史中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方园林史西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor, villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden, patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze, labyrinth典型中西园林灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden阿房宫E-Pang Palace上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫Luoyang Palace华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden园林艺术景view, scenery, feature远景distant view近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景leaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature主景main feature副景secondary feature配景objective view夹景vista line, vista前景front view背景background景序order of sceneries景点feature spot, view spot仰视景观upward landscape俯视景观downward landscape季相景观seasonal phenomena气象景观meteorological diversity scenery视野visual field秋色fall color, autumn color园林空间garden space开敞空间wide open space, wide space封闭空间enclosure space意境artistic conception, poetic imagery苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness, airiness动观in-motion viewing静观in-position viewing视错觉visual illusion园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden对称平衡symmetrical balance不对称平衡asymmetrical balance左右对称bilateral symmetry辐射对称radial symmetry透景线perspective line轴线axis, axial line主轴main axis 副轴auxiliary axis暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis树冠线skyline园林色彩艺术art of garden colors单色谐调monochromatic harmony复色谐调compound chromatic harmony对比色突出contrast colors accent近似色谐调approximate colors harmony暖色warm color冷色cool color色感color sense城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 绿地系统green space system公共绿地定额public green space quota公共绿地指标public green space norm绿地布局green space layout吸引圈attractive circle吸引距离attractive distance有效半径effective radius绿地资源green space resource绿地效果green space effect绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space空间规划space planning形象规划image plan实施规划implementary plan必要生活空间necessary living space余暇生活空间leisure time living space利用频度usage frequency树种规划planning of trees and shrubs绿地类型type of green space环状绿型annular green space块状绿地green plot点状绿地green spot放射状绿地radiate green space楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space缓冲绿地buffer green space防音绿地noiseproof green space科学景观论scientific landscape theory园林保留地reserve garden公园规划park planning园林总体规划garden master planning总平面规划site planning园林分区garden zoning安静休息区tranquil rest area儿童活动区children playing space儿童游戏场children playground, playlot体育运动区sports activities area野餐区picnic place散步区pedestrian space群众集会区mass meeting square观赏植物区ornamental plants area观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area草坪区lawn space绿荫区shade tree section历史古迹区historical relics area青少年活动区youngsters activities area诱鸟区bird sanctuary area钓鱼区fishing center野营区camp site游人中心visitors center服务中心service center探险游乐场adventure ground文化活动区cultural activities area道路系统approach system, road system环形道路系统circular road system方格形道路系统latticed road system放射形道路系统radiate road system自然式道路系统informal road system规整式道路系统formal road system混合式道路系统mixed style road system园林规划图garden planning map园林规划说明书garden planning direction 城市公园系统urban park system公园分布distribution of parks公园类型park type, park category公园间距distance between parks公园形式park styles游览区excursion area, open-to-public area 非游览区no-admittance area办公区administrative area服务区service center动休息区dynamic rest space静休息区static rest space娱乐演出区entertaining performance place 主要入口main entrance次要入口secondary entrance人流量visitors flowrate车流量vehicle flowrate公园道路park road公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio游人容纳量visitors capacity风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation风景学scenicology风景规划landscape plan风景设计landscape design游览路线touring route旅游资源tourism resource旅游地理tourism geography旅游地质tourism geology历史名城famous historical city文化名城famous cultural city文化遗址ancient cultural relic天然博物馆natural open museum风景地貌natural geomorphology造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration风景区scenic spot, scenic area风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs高山风景区alpine scenic spot海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot森林风景区forest scenic spot高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot峡谷风景区valley scenic spot江河风景区river landscape district湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 封山育林区region closed for afforestation天池风景区crater lake scenic spot自然保护区nature protection area科学保护区protection area for scientific research天然纪念物natural monument生物圈保护区biosphere protection area园林设计园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer园址测量图garden site survey map地形图topographic map, contour map种植设计planting design地形改造设计topographical reform design种植大样图detail planting design造价分析cost analysis园林形式garden style规整式园林formal garden style非规整园林informal garden style几何式园林geometric garden style自然式园林natural garden style混合式园林mixed garden style近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林RB Marx abstract garden园林区划garden area division园林分区规划garden block planning庭院花园courtyard garden前庭front yard, forecourt后庭back yard, rear yard中庭patio厨园kitchen yard沉[床]园sunken garden窗园window garden墙园wall garden宅园home garden台地园terrace garden冬园winter garden切花园cut flower garden屋顶花园roof garden后花园back yard garden园林地形改造topographical reform of garden 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound假山rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 黄石yellowish brown stone人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone孤赏石monolith, standing stone掇山piled stone hill, hill making叠石stones laying板石flag stone散点石scattered stone抱角石corner stone屋基石foundation stone排衙石guard stone屏石screen stone石岸rock bank石阶stone steps汀步stepping stone on water surface 附壁石stone appended to wall石花台stone flower bed石凳stone bench假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall干砌石dry stone wall假山石楼梯rock stairway石亭stone pavilion石洞stone cavern石窟grotto置石stone arrangement, stone layout 拱石arch stone拱顶石key stone园林水景water scenes of garden水体water body水面water surface水池pool水塘pond喷泉fountain喷水池fountain pool涉水池wading pool倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool睡莲池water-lily pool喷水管布置piping schema钓鱼塘fishing pond高水位池塘high water table pond池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool 隐头喷泉secret fountain岛园island garden半岛园peninsula garden小岛isle瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade湖lake矶rock projecting over water水帘洞water curtain cave园桥garden bridge拱桥arch bridge石板桥stone slab bridge木板桥plank bridge圆木桥log bridge亭桥pavilion bridge曲桥zigzag bridge壁泉wall fountain饮水喷头drinking fountain植物配植plant arrangement树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs 群植group planting, mass planting孤植specimen planting, isolated planting 丛植clump planting组植group planting林植forest planting列植linear planting对植opposite planting, coupled planting 环植circular planting带植belt planting散植scattered planting, loose planting边缘种植edge planting边界种植boundary planting整形种植architectural planting基础种植foundation planting角隅种植corner planting景框种植planting as enframent门卫种植guard planting篱恒种植fence planting障景种植screen planting背景种植background planting林下种植underwood planting路边种植roadside planting绿篱hedge树墙espalier庭荫树shade tree园景树specimen tree风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest行道树avenue tree, street tree纪念林memorial forest整型树topiary tree花篱flower hedge’刺篱thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱evergreen hedge落叶绿篱deciduous hedge高篱high hedge沟中边篱hah-hah fence图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge整剪绿篱clipped hedge自然式花篱natural flowering hedge边篱boundary fence园篱garden fence, garden hedge纯林pure forest混交林mixed forest林间隙地open space in woodland杂木林spinney树冠覆盖面tree canopy草坪lawn整形草坪formal lawn开花草坪flowering lawn牧场草坪meadowy land花坛flower bed路边花坛roadside flower bed带状花坛ribbon flower bed时钟花坛flower clock盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed 高设花台raised flower bed毛毡花坛carpet bed镶嵌花坛mosaic bed铺石花坛paved bed灌木花坛shrub bed图案花坛群parterre草药花坛herbaceous flower bed花结花坛knot bed整形花坛formal flower bed花境flower border花桶flower tub植树箱planting box活动花坛movable flower bed瓶饰garden vase灌木花境shrub border混合花境mixed border园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design 漫步路trail, footway小径alley, path川草坪岛lawn island安全岛traffic island, refuge island转弯曲度turning curvature转弯半径turning radius踏面landing pitch步石stepping stone涉水踏步wading step错铺路crazy paving path随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random花纹路pattern path林荫路mall林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway林间小道path in woodland种植池planting bed树池保护格栅tree grate树干保护套栏tree guard树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting路面线纹score line传统园林建筑traditional garden building凉亭summer shelter活树亭arbor, tent arbor蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion茅亭thatched pavilion竹亭bamboo pavilion茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk回廊cloister水廊corridor on water曲廊zigzag veranda扒山廊sloping gallery楼廊two-storied gallery画舫painted pleasure boat石舫stone boat不击舟immovable pleasure boat诗条石poem-engraved stone slab月洞门moon gate扶手栏杆handrail坐凳栏杆seat rail石碑stone tablet, stele园林露天剧场open garden theater园林露天舞池open garden dancing place 露天音乐台outdoor music stand眺望台prospect deck繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse 展览温室public conservatory月池new-moon pool园林小品small garden ornaments磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet园椅garden chair, garden seat园凳garden bench园桌garden table园灯garden lamp日规sundial鸟浴bird bath鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box鸟笼bird cage, bird coop悬篮hanging basket野鸟喂食器bird feeder额匾horizontal inscribed board楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar引露天烤炉open barbecue树棚living-tree pergola花架pergola花格架trellis, treillage点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway园林施工garden layout, garden construction种植工程planting engineering大树移植big tree transplanting裸根移植bare root transplanting土球移植ball transplanting沟植trench planting假植heeling in, temporary planting播种草坪seeding lawn铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn假山工程rockery engineering掇山五法five methods" of rock piling等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 上轻下重法method of lowering the center ofgravity of rocks纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub观叶植物foliage plant观果植物fruit-effect plant观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches指示植物indicating plant主景植物accent plant耐湿植物damp tolerant plant抗风植物wind-resistant plant耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plant市花city flower市树city tree国花national flower国树national tree芳香植物fragrant plant抗污染植物pollution resistant plant环保植物environment protecting plant高山植物alpine plant岩生植物rock plant攀缘植物climbing plant, climber地被植物ground cover plant阴生植物shade plant装饰植物decorative plant装缘植物edging plant绿蓠植物hedge plant草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass花坛植物bedding plant球根植物bulbous plant宿根植物perennial plant, perennial水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte旱生植物xerophyte沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant 切花cut flower垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant针叶植物needle-leaved plant阔叶植物broad-leaved plant斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant松柏植物conifer常绿植物evergreen plant半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant不耐寒植物tender plant半耐寒植物half-hardy plant耐寒植物hardy plant耐旱植物drought enduring plant山石材料stone material昆山石Kunshan stone钟乳石stalactite灵壁石Lingbi stone英德石Yingde stone青石Qing stone宣石Xuan stone房山石Fangshan stone观赏动物ornamental animal观赏鸟类ornamental bird观赏兽类ornamental beast观赏昆虫类ornamental insect园林机具设备园林机械garden machine园林工具garden instrument, garden implement 园林设备garden equipment花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider种植容器planting container圆木桩log peg喷射装置jet bubbler滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator环动喷灌器circle sprinkler圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler自控器automatic controller管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage草坪加肥器lawn feeder施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner 滴水喷头emitter, dripper水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net苗木包装材料nursery stock package material麻布袋burlap bag铁丝篮wire basket篮状种植器basket container塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican播种盘seed tray网孔盆mesh pot含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot盆栽机potting machine换盆机repotting machine再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter 松土除草机cultivator旋转锄rotary hoe切叶机foliage cutter翻地犁uncovering plough盖土机mounted spreader前悬装土机front mounted loader后缀装土机rear mounted loader旋轴剪草机spindle mower栽植机planting machine植物覆盖plant mulching覆盖物分散机mulch spreader种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder修枝剪pruning shear播种器garden seeder球根种植器bulb planter土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer嫁接刀grafting knife温室设备greenhouse equipment盆栽灌水系统pot watering system温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller温室覆盖greenhouse covering喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system二氧化碳发生器C generator温度报警钟temperature alarm游览车park sightseeing bus引剪草机lawn mower动力剪草机power lawnmower畜力剪草机horse lawnmower手推剪草机hand lawnmower游人调查visitors investigation游人统计visitors statistics游人分析garden visitors analysis游人管理visitors management导游图tourist map导游解说tour descri ption and direction劳动管理labour management物资管理material handling, goods handling设备管理equipment management, facility management财务管理financial management安全管理safety management环境监测environmental monitor植物养护管理plant maintenance and management园林技术管理garden technical management质量管理quality management园貌维修garden feature maintenance植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning植物病虫防治disease and insect control园林管理规划management plan游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions游人规则visitors regulation园内交通管理traffic control in park园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance汽车停车规则parking rules自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules开放时间opening time日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management 人类生态环境human ecological environment自然系统natural system自然资源natural resource自然保护conservation of nature自然保存natural preservation环境保护environmental protection环境容量environment capacity环境适宜性environment fitness环境空气质量标准ambient air quality共生symbiosis互惠共生mutualism公害public nuisance生态绝灭ecological extinction生态系统ecosystem生态圈ecosphere生态灾难ecological disaster环境质量environmental quality环境压力environment stress生命维持系统life-support system反馈系统feedback system自养生物autotroph异养生物heterotroph食物链foodchain生物圈biosphere濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant主体群落major community人工群落artificial community绿色革命green revolution户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource原始环境系统wilderness environment system近代环境系统modern environment system乡村生活模式country life-pattern烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution雾害fog pollution霜害frost injury水污染water pollution土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination园林小气候garden microclimate环境保护植物environmental conservation plant引气候调节climatic regulation自动调节机能homeostasis生态平衡ecological homeostasis森林生态系统forest ecosystem草原生态系统prairie ecosystem滞尘植物dust holding plant此文档是由网络收集并进行重新排版整理.word可编辑版本！。
园艺专业词汇
园艺专业英语（a－k）园艺专业英语（a－k） A alternate bearing 大小年结果amendment 调理剂ample 充足的anatomical 解剖的aneuploid 非整倍性（的）anion 阴离子annual 一年生植物，一季生植物anther 花粉囊，花药anthocyanin [植]炭疽病antibiotic 抗生素anti-drop film 无滴膜antiviral 抗过滤性病原体的，抗病毒的apex 尖，顶端aphid 蚜虫apomixis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖apendix n. 附录，附属品，[解]阑尾apricot 杏aquifer 含水土层，蓄水层aroma 芳香，香气，香味arsenate n.[化]砷酸盐arsenic n.[化]砷，砒霜artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能asphalt-coated wood 涂上一层沥青的木头assimilate 合成代谢产物assimilation 同化，同化作用，吸收associated yield 相关的产量aster 紫菀astringency 涩味astringent 收敛性的，严酷的，涩的asymmetrical 不对称的at normal atmospheric pressure 在标准大气压下atomize 使雾化attached in-line emitter 在制作过程中胶合或焊接在滴灌带（或软管）上的内置式喷头（滴头）attainable yield 可得到的产量attendant 伴随的auxin 生长素avenue 林荫道avocado 油梨axil 叶腋axillary 腋窝的，叶腋的，腋生的园艺专业英语2（L-Z）Llabour-intensive production process 劳动密集型生产过程laid （lay的过去式）产（卵）landfill 垃圾掩埋法，垃圾landscape designer 园林设计师large plastic house 塑料大棚larva [复] larvae 幼虫latent heat 潜热lateral branch 侧枝lattice girder 支撑桁架lay-flat bag 平放的种植袋lay-flat duct 平铺管layout n. 规划，设计，（书刊等）编排，版面设计，（工厂等）布局图leaf area ratio 叶面积比leaf cutting 叶插leaf epidermis 叶表皮，叶上皮leaf mold 腐殖土；叶霉病leaf variegation 叶杂色性，叶色变异leaf : fruit ratio 叶果比leaf-miner 潜叶蝇leak 渗漏lean-to house 一面坡温室，单屋面温室legend 图例lepidopterous 鳞翅目的light intensity 光强light transmission 光的透射light transmissivity 透光率lightweight medium 质地较轻的基质likelihood n. 可能，可能性lily 百合，百合花limb 枝limestone 石灰石line graph 直线图，折线图，曲线图linoleic acid 亚油酸lipid 类脂，脂类，类脂化合物liquid plastic mulch 液体塑料膜load 负荷lobe 圆片locule [生物]小腔，小室，心室，室（指子房，花药等）longitudinal angel 纵向角度looper 尺蠖Loosduinen 荷兰的一个地名low tunnel 小拱棚lycopene [生物]番茄红素。
园林专业常用单词
2.0038 垂直绿化 vertical greening
2.0039 攀缘绿化 climber greening
2.0040 桥头绿化 bridgehead greening
2.0041 花园 garden
2.0042 专类花园 specified flower garden
2.0102 居住区绿地 residential quarter green area
2.0103 防护绿地 green area for environmental protection
2.0104 郊区绿地 suburban green space
2.0105 街坊绿地 residential block green belt
2.0052 小游园 petty street garden
2.0053 水景园 water garden
2.0054 铺地园 paved garden
2.0055 野趣园 wild plants botanical garden
2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden
2.0106 附属绿地 attached green space
2.0107 生产绿地 productive plantation area
2.0108 苗圃 nursery
2.0109 风景 landscape, scenery
2.0110 自然景观 natural landscape
02.2.3 典型中西园林
2.0142 灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden
2.0137 巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden
山东农业大学农业专业英语三篇论文专业术语及部分翻译
山东农业大学农业专业英语三篇论文专业术语及部分翻译论文一Optimum crop density 最优栽种密度Grain amaranth 籽粒苋Combine yield 联合收割机产量Adapted genotype 采用的基因型Morphological characters 形态特征Shoot biomass 地上生物量root biomass 地下、根生物量Split plot design 裂区设计Stem diameter 茎粗Plant height 株高Harvest index 收获指数Plant population 植物种群Population pressure 种群压力Hand thinning 人工疏果Amino acid 氨基酸Grain yield 粮食产量Seed loss 种子损失Grain water content 粮食水分含量Unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸Inflorescence head 花序头Field study 田间试验Analysis of variance=ANOVA 方差分析Stationary ear thresher 固定脱粒机error term 误差项Non-linear regressions非线性相关关系Significant effect 显著差异、效应Multiple comparisons of means 均数多重比较Soil level 土壤水平Emergence rate 出苗率Interspecific competition 种间竞争Intraspecific competition 种内竞争Uniform distribution 均匀分配Optimum crop densities for potential yield and harvestable yield of grain amaranth are conflicting 最佳密度对苋科植物的潜在产量和最佳产量是否有影响仍有争议AbstractGrain amaranth is a C4 crop with potentially increasing cultivation area. Yet, no standards exist for optimum plant density. The aim of the study was to determine howcrop density affects amaranth morphology, biological grain production and combine yield.A field experiment was conducted under semiarid conditions(9.8 °C, 546 mm) in Eastern Austria during 2002, 2004 and 2005. Two adapted genotypes (Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus) were established at five densities (8, 17, 35, 70, 140 plants m?2) by hand thinning at a row spacing of 37.5 cm. The obtained densities at harvest averaged across years and genotypes were 8, 15, 32, 54, 89 plants m?2. Plant samples were hand-harvested for the determination of morphological characters, grain and total shoot biomass. Subsequently a plot combine was used for harvesting the plots. Rising plant population reduced the number of branches and the stem diameter from 11 plant?1 and 19 mm for the lowest density to 2 plant?1 and 8 mm for the highest density, respectively. Overall plant height decreased with rising density except for 2004 when plant height was highest at medium densities. Grain production and seed number decreased in parallel from 35 g and 48,000 seeds plant?1 to 3 g and 4800 seeds plant?1, respectively.Thousand seed weight was not affected. Grain yield slightly decreased from 270 g m?2 at densities of 8 or 17 plants m?2 to 240 g m?2 at densities of more than 70 plants m?2. Total shoot biomass did not respond to crop density, thus the harvest inde x decreased from 0.36 for 8 plants m?2 to 0.29 for 140 plants m?2. Rising density reduced seed losses during combine harvesting from 62 to 16 g m?2. Consequently, combined grain yield was similar among plant populations and ranged between 220 and 240 g m?2. Grain water content at harvest decreased from 31% for the lowest density to 27% for the highest density. In conclusion, amaranth stands produce highest grain yields at low plant populations. However, for combine harvesting, a plant density of more than 50 plantsm?2 is most suitable. Small plants with thinner stems, reduced branch number and low grain moisture facilitate mechanical harvest and reduce seed losses.籽粒苋是一种种植面积潜在增加的C4作物。
农学专业英语单词整理
Aa series of 一系列的a set of 一组abnormalities 异常acidic 酸的acre 英亩acreage 农场，面积actual 有效的adapt 适合adaptability 适应性address 解决adequate 充足的adequate 足够的adhere 粘着adopted 采用advance 提升advent 生效adversely 负面的aerated 通气良好的affected 感病aggravate 加剧agronomic college 农学院agronomic 农作物agronomy 农学alfalfa 苜蓿algebra 代数alkalinity 碱性alleles 等位基因alleviate 消除alternative 可选择的amended 修正案amino acid 氨基酸ammonia 铵ammonium citrate柠檬酸铵ammonium nitrate二氧化氮ammonium 胺amplify 扩增anaemia 贫血anaerobic 无氧analyze 分析，分解angiosperm 被子植物animal manures 动物厩肥anticipate 预计anticipate 预见到application 接种application 应用apply 施用appropriate 适宜的arrange 安排，排布artificial mutation人工诱变asexual 无性的assist 帮助associate 联合associated with伴随…发生assurance 保证atmospheric 大气authority 授权availability 有效性available p 有效磷available soil moisture 土壤有效水分avoid 避免Bbarley大麦basic slag 托马斯磷肥basis 基础b-globin 球蛋白binary fissi二分裂binary 分裂biology 生物学biomass 生物量bionic仿生学bioplasm 原生质biosphere 生物圈biotechnology 生物技术blasting 萎蔫blend 混合blight 枯萎blood group 血型blotting 杂交技术breeder 育种学家breeding basis 育种基础breeding 育种bruising 挫伤b-thalassemia 地中海贫血buckwheat荞麦bulletin 公告bushel 蒲式耳（量词）Ccalculate 计算出canola 加拿大油菜canopy 冠层capacity 能力carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbonates 碳酸盐cash 兑现certified合格的，经过认证的chain 链条chance 漂变channel 渠，引导chemical 化学chromosome 染色体circumstances 区域citrate-soluble 柠檬酸溶解性磷civil 国内的civilian 平民的civility 礼貌的civilizable 可文明化的clay 粘质，粘土climate 气候climatic 气候上的clone 克隆close 缩短co-dominance 共显性codon 密码子colloidal phosphate 焦庄磷酸盐combination 合作，排列combination 混合物，综合combine 联合commercial 商用的commercially 商业上commit 趋近于compaction 压实，紧实competitive 竞争力concentrated 集中的concentration 含量concentration 浓度condition 处理conditions 情况，条件conduct 执行confuse…with 和…混淆conservation 保水consistently 持续contaminate 污染content 含量controversial 受争议的conventional 传统的converted 变成copy 复制corn 玉米correct amounts 适量correct 改正，修正corresponding 符合，一致cost 成本costly 贵cover crops 绿肥作物criteria 标准critical 关键的cropping pattern 种植方式cross 杂交组合crossingover 交换crust 板结cultivation 耕作cultural practices 栽培措施culture 培养物currently 最近cyst nematode 孢囊线虫cyst 孢囊cytoplasm 细胞质遗传Ddam 坝damping off 腐烂date资料decline 下降decompositio分解deduction 推论defect 缺陷deficiency 缺乏deficient 缺乏defoliation 落叶degradation 降解delay 推迟deletion 缺失demand 需求denitrification 反硝化denove 重新开始，从头合成dent corn 马齿形department 系，专业deposit 储存deposited 沉积depression 凹陷处derived 起源descendent 子代（个体）designate 特指的desire 渴望desired harvest moisture 适宜的收获含水量destruction确定detect 确定detection 检测determine 决定determining 确定detrimental 致命的develop 培育development 发育diagnosis 诊断diagnostic methods诊断方法diagnostic method诊断方法diameter 直径dideoxy 双脱氧differentiation分化dip to 下降disease intection 感病disease resistance 抗病性disorders 紊乱disprove 证明…是虚假的dissolve 溶解diverse 各种division 分裂domestication 驯化dominance 显性性状优势dominant 显性的double cross 双交double-haploid 双单倍体dhdraft 草图drain 沟drainage 排水drift 漂变drill 播种机dry down rate 干燥速率dry plant tissue 干物质duplication 重复Eear 穗economically 经济有效地effective 生效efficiency 效率，效果efficient 有效的element 元素elevator 传送带eliminate 消除emerge 伸出emmigation 淘汰劣质基因employ 聘请entries 列，项equilibrium 进化论equilibrium 平衡era 时代erosion 侵蚀erroneous 错误的establish 建立eukaryotes 真核细胞european corn borer 玉米螟evaluate 评价evaluation 评价evaporation 蒸发evaporative 蒸腾evenly 平坦地，均匀地evolution 进化examine 验证exceed 超过excess 过多的，多余的excessive 延长exchangeable 可交换态的ex-changeable 可中和的exclude 排除experiment station 实验站explanation 解释extension 推广extensive 广泛的extra 额外的Ffacilitate 为…提供便利facilities 设备factor 因素favorable microbial 有益微生物favorable 令人满意的fertility 肥力fertility可育性fertilizer 肥料filial 子代first era 早期时代fission 融合fixation 固定flax麻flow 水流foliar n“burn”氮肥灼伤foot 英尺forages 牧草foreign material 杂质forethought 事先计划formation 孕穗期formulation 剂型four popular 广泛应用的fraction 部分frequency 频率frequency-dependent频率依赖性frost 霜冻fructose 果糖function 功能fungicide 杀菌剂fuse 融合Ggametes 配子（体）gametogenesis 配子体形成过程garden 狩猎gene mapping 基因定位generate 产生，生殖genetics 遗传学genome 基因组genotype frequency 基因型频率genotype 基因型genotyping platform 基因型gently 轻轻地germ cell 生殖细胞germination 发芽率germplasm 种质get by 应付glucose 葡萄糖grade 筑坡/筑平grain drill 谷物播种机grain fill 灌浆期，鼓粒期grain 籽粒，谷粒，谷物gymnosperm 裸子植物Hhabitat 栖息地hail 冰雹halve 减半haploid 单倍体haploit单倍体hardy-weinberg equilibrium达尔文进化论harvest 收获harvestability 收获性herbicide damage 除草剂，药害herbicide-resistant抗除草剂herbicides 除草剂heredity 遗传（侧重理论）heterozygous 杂合的higher plant 高等植物high-magnesium高镁high-value crops 经济作物high-yielding 高产的home-grown 自产的homozygote 纯合子homozygous 纯和的horizontal leaf method水平叶host cell 寄生细胞humidity 空气湿度hunter采集hybrid vigor 杂种优势hybrid 混合物hybrid 杂交种，杂交hydroxides 氢氧化物Iimbalance 失衡immigation 添加优良基因impermeable 不可渗透的implies 暗示improper application 不当施用in essence 实际上inadequate 不足的inbred line 自交系inch 英寸incomplete dominance 不完全显性independent assortment 独立分配indicate 表明industrial 工业的infiltration 渗透性inherit 继承inheritance 遗产，遗传（侧重先天的）inherited 可以遗传的initiate 采用inoculant 接种剂inoculation 接种inoculum 施用inorganic 无机的insect feeding 虫食insecticide 杀虫剂insert 插入insoluble 非溶解性install 构建insufficient 不足的intake 吸收inter matter 无生命的物质interception 截获interest 目的基因interested 相关的intermediate 中间型introduce 提出，引进introduce 引进introduction 引种inversion 倒位investment 投资irregular 不规则的isoenzyme 同工酶isogamy 同形配对isoguafe 同形移植isolate 分离，使隔离Jjustify 证明…是正确的Kkernel row 粒行kernel 谷粒Llabel 标签，标注labeled标注，标签labeler 标注者land plain 土地平整机larvae 幼虫lateral drain 支渠layer 层layout 排布layout布局设计leaching淋失leaf blights 叶枯病legume 豆科植物lime-stone 石灰石liming material石灰性物质liming 石灰linkage 连续livestock 牲畜locus 位点（loci的复数）lodged 倒伏的lodging 倒伏率loss of stand 缺苗lower case 小写字母Mmaintain 保证maintenance 维护，维持mammals 哺乳动物management 管理manipulation 操作map 定位mark 纪念mass selection 大量（混合）选择materials 原料，材料maturity 熟期meadow 牧草means 方法mechanical cultivation 机械化耕作mechanisms 机制medium 中等的meet 满足meiosis 减数分裂metering 间距microbial 微生物micronutrients 微量元素microorganisms 微生物midseason 中期生长季migration 迁移，移民mild 中度的mineral 矿质元素mixture 混合物mo 钼modification 改变modified 改进的moist 湿润的moistened 湿润的moisture 含水量moisture 水分molecular markers 分子标记molecular 分子monocotyledon 单子叶植物monohybrid cross 单因子杂交育种monoploid 单倍体motion 概念multifactorial 多因子的multimedia 多媒体multiple alleles 复等位基因multiple cross 复交multiplying 扩繁mutation （诱导）突变mutation 突变NN-containing 含氮化合物nematode worm 线虫net profits 纯利润neutral 中性的nitrate硝酸盐nitrogen 氮nodules 瘤，根瘤nomadic 游牧的note that 注意no-tillage 免耕noxious 有毒害的nucleioc 细胞核遗传nucleotide 核苷酸nursery 实验圃nutrient deficiencies 缺素症状nutrient 营养Ooats 燕麦objective 目的observation 观察obtain 获得offset 补充offspring 子代（群体）oligogene 寡基因open-pollinated 自花授粉open-structured profiles 开放式结构土层operation 管理措施optimal 适宜的order 预定organic matter 有机质organic 有机的origin 起源original 最初的ounce 盎司outlet 出口over time 随时间的推移Pparallel 平行particular 指定的pass on to 传递给patch 斑点pattern 方式，模式PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链式反应pea 豌豆pedigree 纯种的pedigree 家系percent base saturation 演技饱和度percent germination 发芽率perennial forages 多年生杂草perennial 多年生的performance tests 产量鉴别实验permeability 渗透性persist 保持，维持pest problem 病虫害问题pestcide 农药，杀虫剂pesticide 杀虫剂pests 病害petal 花瓣phenotype 表现型phenotypic information 表型数据采集phenotypic 表型的phosphate 磷phosphorus 磷photosynthesis光合作物physical condition理化性质phytophthora 腐酶根腐病pistil 雌蕊plane平面plow 犁，耕地pollen 花粉pollination 授粉，授粉期polymeranse聚合酶polymerase chain聚合酶polyploid 多倍体ponding 积水pone to 倾向于population genetics 群体遗传学population 密度porous 孔隙portion 部分possess 具有potassium 钾potassium—supplyingfertilizer 钾肥potential 潜力pound 磅pounding积水practical 可行的precipitation 降水量predict 预测predominant 占优势地位的pre-existing已存在premature 未成熟prevent 防止previous 前年primary 主要的principle 主要的prior 在…之前privately私人地probe 探测器procedure 过程，方式processing use 工业用途processing 处理produce 形成，产生production 生产professionally 专业的profile 土层，剖面progeny 子代progeny后代prohibited 禁止prolificacy 多穗性promote 促进prone to 易于propagation 繁殖，扩繁proper 最适宜的，正常的properly 适当地proprietary 品种权protection 保护法proteins 蛋白质public developed 公共培育的purchase 购买pure limes variety 纯系品种pure 纯度pure-breeding lines 纯系品种purify纯化purpose 目的Qquality 质量quantity 数量Rrace 亚种，小种radiative heat 辐射热radiative辐射random mating 随机交配rank order 顺序排列rapid 速度rariation 变异rariefy 品种ratio 比率real 最恰当的rearrange 重新排列recede 退却recession 衰退recessive 隐性的recessiveness 隐性recombinant gametes 重组形配子recombinant vector 重组载体recombinant 重组recommend 建议recovered 重获，回收recurrent parent 轮回亲本recurrent 轮回选择reduce 降低refer…as 定义成reflect反映regenerate 再生region 区域regularly 定期地relative maturity 相对成熟期relatively 相对地release 释放remove 排出/吸收repeat 重复represent 占，表现reproduce 繁殖reproduction 繁殖，生殖reproduction 授粉期，繁殖reproductive stages 生殖生长阶段requirement 需水量residual soil 原积土壤，残积土residual soils 冲积土residual 残留residue cover 残株覆盖residue 残渣respond…to 对…产生反应restrict 胁迫，限制return 收益rhizobium inoculation 根瘤菌接种rhizobium nodules 根瘤菌ridge 垄作ril recombinant inbred line 重组自交系rind 外皮rock phosphate 磷矿石rock 矿石rocombinant vector 重组载体root 根系rot 腐烂rotation 轮作rotation循环，轮作row application 条施row spacing 行距runoff 径流RZL重组自交系Ssaturated （水）饱和saturation 饱和度secure 确保sedentary 固定的seed coat 种皮seed vigor 种子活力seed 种子seeding rate 播种量seeding stage 苗期select 选择self-fertilize 自花授粉sensitive 敏感的sequence 序列sequencing 测序severity 严重程度sexual 有性的shallow depth 浅层shed 散，散布shell 壳shelled grain 脱壳粒shovel 土铲significant 明显的，严重的silage 青贮饲料silicates 硅酸盐single cross 单交site 地点skip-row 空行snapdragons 金鱼草snapshot 瞬间somewhat 一点儿sound 合理的soybean 大豆spacing 间距species 种类spores 孢子spread 延长stability 稳定性stage of development 生长阶段stait 特性stalk rots 茎腐病stalk 茎stand uniformity 群体整齐度stand 株丛（群体）standing 积水status 状态stay green 持绿性steadily 稳定地storage 储存store 储存stover 秸秆strain 小种，品系stress胁迫，压力strip rests 条状，小区试验stunted 发育迟缓的subject 使服从于submersion 淹没subsample 小铲substitute 代替sufficient 充足sulfur-free 无硫supersede 替代supplements 补充surface drainage 地表排水susceptible 敏感suspected 疑似symdrome 病症symptoms 症状Ttag 标签tassel blasting 雄穗萎蔫tasseling 抽穗tasseling-silking雄穗吐丝template 模板term 术语termination 终止testcross variety 测交种tester 测验种thalassemia 地中海贫血thawing 解冻the amount to apply 施用量the elevator 传送带therapy 治疗thermal time热量时间tile drains 瓦管tile 瓦管排水tillage 耕作tilth 耕地，耕性timely 及时地tip 小窍门tire 轮胎tissue analysis 组织分析tissue 组织tolerance 耐病性tolerant 耐，耐受tolerate 耐受total p 全磷toxic 有毒的track 痕迹traffic 机械trait 特点translocation 易位transpiration 蒸腾trials实验trillion 万亿two-way 双向的typically 通常地Uunbiased无偏差的，公正的unicellular 单细胞的uniform 均匀地uniformity 整齐度unpredictable 不可预测的upper case 大写字母upright 直立uptake 吸收urea 尿素V 1value 数据variance 方差variant 变异体variants （自然）变异体variation 变异varies widely 差异显著variety performance trials 品种产量鉴定试验variety 品种，多样性vary with 随…变化vector 载体vegetative growth 营养生长期vegetative propagation 营养体繁殖vegetative 植被vein叶脉vigor 活力vigorous 生长旺盛的violet 紫色virtually eliminate 从根本上杜绝vulnerable容易Wwater soluble 水溶性磷weed 杂草wet spot 水坑widespread 广泛地wilt 枯萎，萎蔫Yyeast 酵母yield 产量Zzigzag pattern 之字形zone 区域zygote 合子。
园林专业外语考试词汇
专业英语词汇1. horticultural landscape: 园林2. medieval：[,medi'i:vəl, ,mi:-]中世纪的；3. garden crops:园艺作物；4. agronomy：[ə'ɡrɔnəmi]农艺学；5. grain：[ɡrein]谷物；6. forage：['fɔridʒ]饲料；草料；搜索7. forestry：['fɔristri]林学；林业8. ornamental：[,ɔ:nə'mentəl]观赏植物9. spice：[spais]香料10. medicinal：[me'disinəl]药用的，有治疗力的；11. in the living state：活体状态；鲜活状态12. tobacco：烟草13. intensively cultivated：集约耕作；集约栽植14. pine tree：松树15. timber：木材；木料16. pulp：果肉17. extensive agriculture：粗放农业18. acre：['eikə] 英亩19. grove：小树丛20. nursery stock：苗木。
定植苗，幼苗21. fertilisation:施肥；受精22. pruning：修剪23. suburban real estate：郊区楼盘24. sugary：含糖的，甜的25. maize：玉米26. seed-single-cross：种子单交27. hybrid：杂种28. spray：喷雾29. sweet corn：甜玉米30. aesthetic gratification：审美的满足[i:s'θetik]31. pomology: [pəu'mǤlədȢi, pǤ-]：果树栽培学32. olericulture: ['ɔləri,kʌltʃə]蔬菜栽培学33. floriculture: ['flɔ:ri,kʌltʃə]花卉学34. landscape horticulture：园林园艺35. mutually exclusive：['mju:tʃuəli, -tjuəli]相互排斥的36. oriental poppy：东方罂粟37. pyrethrum: [paiə'ri:θrəm, -'re-] n. [农药] 除虫菊；除虫菊杀虫剂38. pharmacological: [,fɑ:məkə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 药理学的39. refinement:[ri'fainmənt] n. 精制；提纯；文雅40. botany: ['bɔtəni] n. 植物学；地区植物总称41. phase:局面；状态42. woody perennial：[pə'reniəl] 多年生木本植物43. planting：n. 栽培，种植；花圃v.播种；安置；移植（plant的ing形式）44. severe weather：恶劣天气；风雨交加的天气；剧烈天气45. encroachment: [in'krəutʃmənt] n. 侵蚀；侵入，侵犯46. concrete: vt. 用混凝土修筑；使凝固n. 凝结物；具体物47. steel:钢筋48. trees and shrubs：乔木和灌木49. machinery：[mə'ʃi:nəri] n. 机械；机器；机构；机械装置50. inherent：固有的，天生的51. fertilizer: n. 肥料；受精媒介物；促进发展52. agriculture：n. 农业；农艺，农学= agronomy [ə'ɡrɔnəmi] n. 农学；农艺学；农业经济学53. nutrition：n. 营养，营养学；营养品54. expanding industry：扩展中产业部门55. annual farm receipt：每年农场收入56. annual：一年生植物57. attributable [ə'tribjutəbl] adj. 可归于…的；可归属的58. retail value：['ri:teil]零售额59. process：['prəuses, 'prɔ-]处理；加工60. market：在市场上出售61. fortune：['fɔ:tʃən, -tʃu:n] n. 运气；财富；命运vt. 给予财富vi. 偶然发生62. individual crop：个别作物63. fresh vegetable：新鲜蔬菜64. per capita consumption：人均消费65. lettuce：['letis] n. 莴苣；生菜；（美）纸币66. celery：n. 芹菜67. starch root crop：淀粉作物根68. citrus fruit：['sitrəs] n. 柑橘属果树；柑橘类的植物adj. 柑橘属植物的69. fresh-equivalent：[i'kwivələnt]同等新鲜的70. historical perspective：历史展望71. primitive society：原始社会72. sustenance：['sʌstenəns] n. 生计；食物；支持73. era：['iərə, 'εərə] n. 时代；年代；纪元74. gene synthesis：['sinθisis]基因合成75. genetic code deciphered:遗传密码破译76. isolation of phytochrome: ['faitəu,krəum]( n. [植][生化] 光敏色素；植物色素)色素的分离77. mechanical harvesting：机械收割78. plastic films：塑料薄膜79. radiation preservation：辐射保鲜80. polyploid and mutation breeding:多倍体和诱变育种81. organic phosphate pesticide: [ɔ:'ɡænik] adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的；根本的['fɔsfeit] n. [化]磷酸盐；[地]皮膜化成['pestisaid]n. 杀虫剂有机磷酸盐农药有机磷酸盐农药有机磷酸盐农药有机磷酸盐农药82. weed：vt. 除草；铲除n. 杂草，野草；菸草vi. 除草83. tissue culture：组织培养；体素培养84. culture ['kʌltʃə] n. 文化，文明；修养；栽培vt. 培养（等于cultivate）85. auxin: ['ɔ:ksin] n. [生化]植物生长素；植物激素86. respiration cycle：[,respə'reiʃən] n. 呼吸；呼吸作用呼吸循环呼吸循环呼吸循环呼吸循环？？？？87. hybrid corn：[美国英语]杂交种玉米88. photoperiodism: [,fəutə'piəriədizəm] n. [农学] 光周期现象（=photoperiodicity）；[生物] 光周期性（=photoperiodicity）89. gasoline powered tractor：烧汽油的拖拉机['ɡæsəli:n]90. essential element ：基本元素必需元素91. cyclopedia：百科全书92. laws of heredity: [hi'rediti]遗传律93. plant pathology：植物病理学[亦作phytopathology] [pə'θɔlədʒi] [,faitəupə'θɔlədʒi] 94. modern plow：[plau] 现代耕作95. reaper：['ri:pə] n. 收割者；收割机；收获者96. canning：n. 罐头制造；装罐v.把食物等装罐（can的ing形式）adj. 罐头加工的；装罐头的97. gardens of Versailles：[vεə'sai] n. 凡尔赛（法国城市）凡尔赛花园98. microscope：显微镜99. importation：进口100. species ['spi:ʃi:z; -si:z] n. 物种；种类adj. [生物]物种上的101. monastery garden：['mɔnəstəri] n. 修道院；僧侣；寺庙102. herb【植物学】草本植物；草103. legume rotation: ['leɡju:m] n. 豆类；豆科植物；豆荚[rəu'teiʃən]【农业】轮种,轮作104. Theophrastus: [,θi:ə'fræstəs; ,θiə-] 泰奥弗拉斯托斯(约公元前372～约前287，古希腊哲学家、自然科学家105. hanging garden of Babylon：古巴比伦的空中花园106. cultivar: ['kʌltivɑ:] n. 培育植物；栽培变种107. grafting: 【园艺学】嫁接108. irrigation: [,iri'ɡeiʃən] 灌溉109. crop plant:作物；农作物110. domestication: [dəu,mestikeiʃən] n. 驯养；教化;培育111. Neolithic age [,ni:əu'liθik] 新石器时代112. accumulation：[ə,kju:mju'leiʃən] n. 积聚，累积；堆积物113. surplus：n. 过剩；盈余；剩余；顺差adj.剩余的；过剩的114. specialist：专家artisan：[,ɑ:ti'zæn, 'ɑ:tizən] n. 工匠，技工115. clerk：[klɑ:k, klə:k]职员116. priest：[pri:st] n. 牧师；神父；教士vt. 使成为神职人员；任命…为祭117. plant body：：：：植物体flowering plant：有花植物，显花植物118. extreme diversity：极端多样性119. size and structure：大小和结构120. essential similarities：基本相似121. air-borne root：气生根122. orchid：['ɔ:kid]兰花；淡紫色；兰科植物123. swollen root：['swəulən]膨胀根124. sweet potato：红薯125. superficial：[,sju:pə'fiʃəl] adj. 表面的；肤浅的126. functionally：功能地127. morphological：[,mɔ:fə'lɔdʒikəl] adj.形态的;形态学的[亦作morphologic] 128. underground：地下的；秘密的；先锋派的129. shoot：芽；苞；苗；嫩枝嫩枝嫩枝嫩枝130. stem：1. (植物的)茎2. (树木的)干3. (叶、花、果的)柄4. 叶柄；花梗131. enlarged portion：膨大部分132. node：[nəud] n. 节点；瘤；叉点133. significant modification：显著变异134. miniature leafy：微型叶135. bud：芽，萌芽；蓓蕾136. microscopic：[,maikrə'skɔpik] adj. 用显微镜可见的；微观的137. component: [kəm'pəunənt] adj. 组成的，构成的n. 成分；元件；组件138. cell：【植物学】子房室；花粉囊；孢子囊【生物学】细胞139. structure unit：结构单元140. cytology：[sai'tɔlədʒi] n. [生]细胞学141. multicellular organism：[,mʌlti'seljulə] adj. [生物] 多细胞的；多空隙的['ɔ:ɡənizəm] n. 有机体；生物体；微生物多细胞生物142. integrated collection：['intiɡreitid] adj. 综合的；完整的；互相协调的统一体？143. synchronisation: [,siŋkrənai'zeiʃən, sin-, -ni'z-] n. 同步；同一时刻；同时发生144. co-ordination: n. 协调；配合145. entity: ['entəti] n. 实体；存在；本质146. spherical: ['sferikəl, 'sfiə-] adj. 球形的，球面的；天体的147. polyhedral: [,pɔli'hi:drəl, -'he-] adj. [数] 多面的；[数] 多面体的148. ameboidal:149. tubular: ['tju:bjulə] adj. 管状的150. fiber:纤维151. staining：['steiniŋ] 【微生物学】着色，染色152. nucleus：['nju:kliəs] 【植物学】籽仁【生物学】细胞核153. cell wall：[细胞] 细胞壁，胞壁；格式壁154. cytoplasm: ['saitəuplæzəm] n. [细胞] 细胞质155. organelle: [,ɔ:ɡə'nel]n. [细胞] 细胞器；细胞器官156. plastid: ['plæstid] n. 质体；色素体；成形粒157. mitochondria: [,maitəu'kɔndriə] n. 线粒体（mitochondrion的复数）158. vacuole: ['vækjuəul] n. [细胞] 液泡；[地质] 空泡159. crystal: crystal ['kristəl] 水晶；结晶，晶体；水晶饰品160. starch grain:淀粉粒161. oil droplet：['drɔplit]油滴162. substance：n. 物质；实质；主旨；资产163.protoplasm: ['prəutəu,plæzəm] n. 原生质；原浆；细胞质164. fresh weight:鲜重165. organic and inorganic substances:有机和无机物质166. dissolved：adj. 溶解的；溶化的v.使溶解；使溶化（dissolve的过去分词）167. salt：盐168. carbohydrate：[,kɑ:bəu'haidreit] n. 糖类；碳水化合物169. colloidal state：[kə'lɔidəl] adj. 胶体的；胶质的；胶状的胶状胶状胶状胶状170. protein：['prəuti:n, -ti:in] n. 蛋白质；朊171. n. 蛋白质；朊172. physiological activity：[,fiziə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 生理学的，生理的生理行为生理行为生理行为生理行为173. vital process：['vaitəl] adj. 生死攸关的；至关重要的；有活力的['prəuses, 'prɔ-]过程，进行；方法，步骤；作用；程序；推移174. photosynthesis：[,fəutə'sinθəsis] n. [化]光合作用175. plasma membrane：质膜；浆膜（等于cell membrane）['plæzmə] ['membrein] 176. permeable：['pə:miəbl] adj. 能透过的；有渗透性的177. solute and solvent: 溶质和溶剂178.semipermeable：[,semi'pə:miəbl, ,semai-] adj. 半渗透的179. lipoprotein：[,lipəu'prəutin, lai-] n. [生化] 脂蛋白180. elasticity：[,elæs'tisəti] n. 弹性；弹力；灵活性181. permeability: [,pə:miə'biliti] n. 弥漫；渗透性182. fatty substance:脂肪物质183. ultramicroscopic：超倍显微镜的184. thickness：厚度185. plasmolyzed cell: ['plæzməlaiz] 质壁分离的细胞186. electron microscope：电子显微镜187. structural definition：结构的含义188. permeate：['pə:mieit] vt. 弥漫；渗透，透过vi. 透入；弥漫；散布189. internal membrane：【生物学】内膜190.external membrane：外膜191.endoplasmic reticulum: 细胞] 内质网[,endəu'plæzmik] adj. 内质的[ri'tikjuləm] n. [天]网罟座（南天的星座）；网状组织，网状质；蜂巢胃192.affinity: [ə'finəti] 亲和性193. dye: n. 染料；染色vt. 染；把…染上颜色vi. 被染色194. conspicuous feature: [kən'spikjuəs]:显著特征195. stained cell：被染色的细胞196. chromosome：['krəuməsəum] n. 染色体（形容词chromosomal，副词chromosomally）197. deoxyribonucleic acid: [di:'ɔksi,raibəu'nju:kli:ik] adj. 脱氧核糖核的DNA 脱氧核糖脱氧核糖脱氧核糖脱氧核糖核酸核酸核酸核酸198. punch card：穿孔卡片（等于punched card）199.ribonucleic acid:RNA [,raibəunju:'kli:ik, -'klei-] [生化] 核糖核酸200. protein synthesis : [生化] 蛋白质合成['sinθisis]201. particle:: ['pɑ:tikl] n. 颗粒；质点；极小量；小品词202. ribosome: n. 核糖体203. metabolic and morphological feature: [,metə'bɔlik,-kəl] adj. 新陈代谢的；变化的[,mɔ:fə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 形态学的代谢和形态特征代谢和形态特征代谢和形态特征代谢和形态特征204. organism：['ɔ:ɡənizəm] n. 有机体；生物体；微生物205. hereditary bridge：[hi'reditəri]遗传桥梁206. deposit: [di'pɔzit]沉淀物207. secretion：[si'kri:ʃən] 分泌物208. compound：化合物209. polysaccharide material: [,pɔli'sækəraid, -rid]多糖物质210. long-chain unit：长链单位211. simple sugar：【化学】单糖212. glucose: ['ɡlu:kəus] n. 葡萄糖；葡糖（等于dextrose）213. lignin: ['liɡnin] n. [木] 木质素214. pectin: ['pektin] n. [生化] 果胶；胶质215. cellulose: ['seljuləus] n. 纤维素；（植物的）细胞膜质216. unbranched polymer: ['pɔlimə] n. [化]聚合物没有分枝的聚合物没有分枝的聚合物没有分枝的聚合物没有分枝的聚合物？！？！？！？！217. molecule：['mɔlikjul] n. 分子；微小颗粒，微粒218. hemicellulose: [,hemi'seljuləus] n. [林] 半纤维素219. monosaccharide unit: [,mɔnəu'sækəraid; -rid]单糖单元220. derivative：[di'rivətiv] 衍生物，派生物221. combustible：[kəm'bʌstəbl] 易燃的；易激动的；燃烧性的222. indigestible: [,indi'dʒestəbl, in'dai-] adj. 难消化的；难理解的223. enzyme: ['enzaim] n. 酶224. bond: 化学键(= chemical bond) 225. bacteria: [bæk'tiəriə] n. 细菌226. ruminant: ['ru:minənt] adj. 反刍的；沉思的n. 反刍动物227. digestive tract: 消化道228. fermentation: [,fə:men'teiʃən] n. 发酵229. decomposition: [,di:kɔmpə'ziʃən] n. 分解，腐烂；变质230. host animal:寄主动物231. phenolic acid：[有化] 酚酸；酚醛酸[fi'nɔlik]232. lignifications: [,liɡnifi'keiʃən] n. 木质化；[植] 木化；[生化] 木质化作用233. inelastic: [,ini'læstik] adj. 无弹性的；无适应性的；不能适应的234. microbial deposition: [mai'krəubiəl] adj. 微生物的；由细菌引起的[,depə'ziʃən] n. 矿床；沉积物；革职微生物沉淀微生物沉淀微生物沉淀微生物沉淀235. yellowing: 黄化236. wood pulp: [纸] 木浆；木纤维；木质纸浆237. manufacture: 制造；制造业；产品238. acidic polysaccharide:酸性多糖酸性多糖酸性多糖酸性多糖239. water-soluble polymer ['wɔ:tə,sɔlju'bl; 'wɔ-]可溶于水的['pɔlimə] n. [化]聚合物水溶性水溶性水溶性水溶性聚合物聚合物聚合物聚合物240. galacturonic acid【生物化学】半乳糖醛酸241. sols and gels: [dʒel]溶胶和凝胶242. solidifying agent：固化剂243. jam:果酱244. jelly: 果冻；胶状物245. distinct layers:明显的分层246. middle lamella: [lə'melə]【生物学】中胶层，胞间层，中层247. pectinacious material:248. intercellular: [,intə'seljulə] adj. [细胞] 在细胞间的249. slimy nature rotted fruit：['slaimi] 分泌黏液的；覆有黏液的[rɔt] 腐烂；腐败；腐坏腐坏了然后处于分泌黏状物状态的水果？250. fungal organism：fungal ['fʌŋɡəl] adj. 真菌的（等于fungous）真菌生物真菌生物真菌生物真菌生物251. primary cell wall：初生细胞壁252. pectic compound:果胶的化合物253. secondary cell wall：次生细胞壁254. a mechanical function:某种机械（支撑）作用255. pierce：[piəs] 刺穿；洞察；响彻；深深地打动256. cytoplasmic strand [,saitəu'plæzmik] adj. 细胞质的[strænd] n. 海滨；线；串胞间连胞间连胞间连胞间连丝丝丝丝257. plasmodesmata: n. 胞间连丝（plasmodesma的复数形式）258. pit:凹陷259. disk-shaped：叠状的260. pigment：色素261. leucoplast ['lju:kəuplæst] n. [植] 白色体262. chromoplast: ['krəuməplæst] n. 成色素细胞；色素母细胞263. mature cell: [mə'tjuə]成熟细胞264. chlorophyll ['klɔrəfil] n. 叶绿素265. chloroplast: ['klɔ:rəuplæst] n. 叶绿体266. carbon dioxide: [无化] 二氧化碳['k ɑ:bən] [dai'ɔksaid]267. carbon-containing compound:含碳化合物268. spinach: ['spinidʒ, -itʃ] n. 菠菜269. grana: ['ɡrænə, 'ɡreinə] n. 基粒（granum的复数形式）270. thylakoid: ['θailəkɔid] n. [植] 类囊体（植物叶绿体中的蛋白质和脂肪膜皮，光合化学作用在此进行）271. stroma: ['strəumə] 基质272. self-replication: ['self,repli'leiʃən] 【生物化学】自我复制273. pre-existing adj. 先已存在的;原始的274. mitochondria：[,maitəu'kɔndriə] n. 线粒体（mitochondrion的复数）275. dense：稠密的276. granule：['ɡrænju:l] n. 颗粒277. phospholipid: [,fɔsfə'lipid, -'lai-] n. [生化] 磷脂278. enzymatic activity: 酶活性；酶活力279. oxidative metabolism:氧化代谢['ɔksideitiv] adj. [化学] 氧化的[mi'tæbəlizəm, me-] n. 新陈代谢280. adenosine triphosphate: [ə'denəsi:n, -sin] n. 腺苷，腺甘酸[trai'fɔsfeit] n. 三磷酸盐[生化生化生化生化] 三磷酸腺苷三磷酸腺苷三磷酸腺苷三磷酸腺苷=A TP 281. vacuole: ['vækjuəul] n. [细胞] 液泡；[地质] 空泡282. membrane-lined cavity:283. cell sap: 【生物学】细胞液284. organic metabolic constituents:器官代谢要素285. coalesce：[,kəuə'les] 联合；合并；结合286. silica：['silikə] n. 硅土；二氧化硅287. resin：['rezin] n. 树脂；松香288. gum n. 树胶；橡皮；口香糖289. alkaloid: ['ælkəlɔid] n. 生物碱；植物碱基290. tissue system:组织系统291. fertilized egg :[胚] 受精卵，孕卵292. cell division: [细胞] 细胞分裂: 293. cell differentiation [,difərenʃi'eiʃən] 【生物学】细胞分化294. meristematic tissue: [,meristə'mætik]分生组织295. permanent tissue：['pə:mənənt]永久组织296. simple tissue：简单组织297. parenchyma: [pə'reŋkimə] n. [组织] 实质；软细胞组织薄壁组织薄壁组织薄壁组织薄壁组织298. collenchyma: [kə'leŋkimə] n. [植] 厚角组织299. sclerenchyma: [skliə'reŋkimə] 【植物学】厚壁组织300. complex tissue:复合组织301. xylem: ['zailəm, -lem] n. [植] 木质部302. phloem: ['fləuem] n. 筛部，[植] 韧皮部303. perpetuate: vt. 使不朽；保持304. demarcation: [,di:mɑ:'keiʃən] n. 划分；划界；限界305. tip:尖端；末端306. apical meristem: [植] 顶端分生组织['æpikəl] adj. 顶上的；顶点的307. growing point: 【植物学】生长点308. girth: [ɡə:θ] 周长309. woody stem:木本茎310. lateral meristem：【植物学】侧生分生组织['lætərəl] adj. 侧面的，横向的311. cambium: ['kæmbiəm] n. 形成层；新生组织312. intercalary meristem: 【植物学】居间分生组织[in'tə:kələri] adj. （历法）闰的；被夹于中间的；插入中间的313. mowing: ['məuiŋ]. 刈草；牧草地；一次所割之草314. primary tissue:初生组织315. inconspicuous vacuole:不显眼的液泡316. undifferentiated: adj. 无差别的；一致的317. vegetative tissue: ['vedʒitətiv] 促使植物生长的组织318. tuber：['tju:bə] n. [植]块茎；球根319. elongated cell：伸长细胞！？320. stalk：[stɔ:k] n. （植物的）茎，秆；（支持叶子、果实和花的）梗，柄321. taper：['teipə] 锥形；锥体；圆锥322. fibre：['faibə] n. 纤维；纤维制品323. sclereid: ['skliəriid; 'sklεə-]【植物学】硬化细胞，石质细胞324. stone cell: 硬化细胞，石质细胞325. gritty: ['ɡriti] adj. 有砂砾的；坚韧不拔的；多沙的；像砂的326. texture: ['tekstʃə] n. 质地；纹理；结构；本质，实质327. walnut shell:: ['wɔ:lnʌt, -nət] n. 胡桃木；胡桃[ʃel] n. 壳，贝壳；外形；炮弹328. water-conducting tissue:水分运输组织329. herbaceous plant：[hə:'beiʃəs, ə:-] adj. 草本的；叶状的；绿色的草本植物草本植物草本植物草本植物330. tracheid: [trə'ki:id, 'treiki-] n. [植] 管胞331. unevenly thickened:不均匀变厚332. sculpture：造型；雕塑333. longitudinal section：纵切面；纵切片[,lɔndʒi'tju:dinəl] adj. 长度的，纵向的；经线的334. vessel：['vesəl] 【植物学】导管[参较tracheid]335. perennial：[pə'reniəl] n. 多年生植物336. annual ring：[林] 年轮337. springwood，summerwood：春材？夏材？338. sieve element：筛分子；筛管分子339. sieve cell：筛胞340. sieve tube：筛管341. companion cell：【植物学】伴细胞342. hemp：n. 大麻；麻类植物；大麻烟卷343. flax：[flæks] n. [植]亚麻；[植]亚麻纤维；亚麻织品；亚麻布344. disintegrate：[dis'intiɡreit] vt. 使分解；使碎裂；使崩溃；[核]使衰变345. cork cambium: 【植物学】木栓形成层346. parenchymatous tissue: adj. 薄壁组织347. incidental tissue: [,insi'dentəl] adj. 偶然的；容易发生的；附带的348. bark: 【植物学】树皮；茎皮349. anatomical region: [,ænə'tɔmikəl] adj. 解剖的；解剖学的；结构上的['ri:dʒən] n. 地区；范围；部位解剖区域解剖区域解剖区域解剖区域350. vascular: ['væskjulə] 【植物学】维管的351. cortex: ['kɔ:teks] 【植物学】树皮；果皮352. epidermis: [,epi'də:mis] 【植物学】(种子植物和蕨类植物的)表皮(层);上皮353. pith: (植物的)木髓，树心354. pericycle: ['peri,saikl] n. [植] 中柱鞘355. endodermis: [,endəu'də:mis] n. 内皮356. secretory gland: [si'kri:təri] 分泌的；促进分泌的[ɡlænd] 【植物学】腺分泌腺分泌腺分泌腺分泌腺357. circulatory system：：：：[,sə:kju'leitəri, 'sə:kjulətəri] adj. 循环的循环系统循环系统循环系统循环系统358. skeletal system 骨骼系统['skelitəl] 359. buddle：【植物学】维管束[全称vas-cular bundle]360. cross section: 横断面，剖面，截面；横切片361.monocotyledonousplant:[,mɔnəu,kɔti'li:dənəs] 单子叶植物=monocotyledon ['mɔnəu,kɔti'li:dən]362. encircle: [in'sə:kl] vt. 环绕；围绕；包围363.predominantly: adv. 主要地；显著地364. cork: 【植物学】木栓层365. infiltrate: ['infiltreit; in'fil-]渗入366.suberin: ['sju:bərin] 软木脂367.waterproof: 防水的，不透水的使不透水，使防水368.suberization: [,sju:bərai'zeiʃən; -ri'z-]【植物学】栓化作用369.sheath:【植物】叶鞘，茎衣370. periderm: ['peridə:m] 【植物学】周皮371. callus tissue: ['kæləs] 愈伤组织372.corky:木栓化373. oak：橡树374. differentiation portion：分化部分375. rupture：['rʌptʃə] 破裂；决裂376. lenticel: ['lentisel] 【植物学】皮孔“breathing pore:呼吸孔377. root hair：根毛378. absorption：吸收(作用)379. inorganic nutrient：无机营养380. rose petal：玫瑰花瓣381. cuticle：表皮382. cutin: ['kju:tin] 【植物学】角质，蜡状质383. desiccation: [desi'kenʃən] n. 干燥384. nectarine: ['nektərin, ,nektə'ri:n] n. [园艺] 油桃；[园艺] 蜜桃385. gloss: [ɡlɔs] (表面的)光泽，色彩；光彩；光泽面386. screte or excrete:: vt. 分泌或排泄387. viscous: ['viskəs] adj. 粘性的；黏的(树叶等)表面有黏性分泌物的388. rubber: ['rʌbə] n. 橡胶；橡皮；合成橡胶；按摩师389. mucilage: ['mju:silidʒ] (植物分泌的)黏液，黏胶390. epidermal appendage: [ə'pendidʒ] 生物学】附器，附肢，附属物(如植物的枝、叶；狍尾和其他动物的尾、肢、鳍、翼、触角等) 表皮的附属物？391. trichome: ['traikəum; 'tri-]【植物学】(表皮)毛状体392. sub-epidermal:393. fragrance of flower:花的香味394. nectary: ['nektəri] 【植物学】蜜腺395. peel:皮去皮396. rind：[raind, rain] 1. 果皮；树皮硬壳；外壳；外皮397. volatile：：：：['vɔlətail] 挥发性的爆炸性的398. essential oil：香精油，精油；芳香油399. duct：【植物学】管，导管，脉管400. latex: ['leiteks] (植物)乳胶401. anglosperm family:被子植物402. laticifer: [lei'tisifə] 【植物学】乳汁细胞；乳汁管；乳汁器403. rubber tree:橡树404. excretory system：排泄系统405. : initial :最初的初始的406. yield：[ji:ld] 生产，生长出(作物)，结出(果实)407. crude：天然的408. plantation rubber：[plæn'teiʃən] 栽植，种植大面积栽培植物409. spurge family：大戟科410. leaf blight：【植物病理学】叶烧病；叶枯病；叶疫病411. tropical zone：热带地区412. hemisphere：半球413. synthetic rubber：[sin'θetik]人造橡胶414. morphological structure:形态结构415. absolute bulk：绝对体积416. intimate contact：亲密接触417. superstructure：上层结构，超结构418. storage organ：存储器官419. seedling root：幼根420. primary root：初生根421. taproot system: ['tæpru:t; -rut] 【植物学】主根，直根直根系直根系直根系直根系422. beet：甜菜423. turnip：['tə:nip] n. 芜菁甘蓝，大头菜；萝卜424. fibrous root system：【植物学】须根系425. shallow-rooted：浅根的426. fertility treatment：427. modification：【生物学】诱发变异428. dahlia：['deiljə] n. 大丽花，大丽花属429. propagation：[,prɔpə'ɡeiʃən] n. 传播；繁殖；增殖430. palm：[pɑ:m] 【植物】棕榈树431. prostrate branch：['prɔstreit] 【植物学】蔓延的；匍匐的，爬地的匍匐枝匍匐枝匍匐枝匍匐枝432. creeper：【植物】匍匐植物；匍匐枝433. growth pattern：生长模型；生长模式434. main trunk：主干435. central leader：中央领导干？好像就是主干的意思吧哈哈436. erect 竖立的semierect 半竖立的437. vine：植]葡萄树；[植]藤本植物；[植]攀缘植物；[植]藤438. embryonic: stem: [,embri'ɔnik] 胚的；胚胎的439. dormancy bud:休眠种子440. terminal bud：顶芽441. lateral bud：侧芽442. leaf axis：叶脉？？？443. adventitious bud：【植物学】不定芽[,ædven'tiʃəs]444. mixed bud：混合芽？445. accessory bud：【植物学】副芽446. leaf arrangement：叶子的排列447. opposite：【植物学】(叶)对生的448. whirled: 旋转，回旋; (叶)对生的? 449. alternate: 【植物学】互生的；交互的450. spiral parttern:螺旋方式451. phyllotaxy:叶序452. taxonomic significance分类学意义[,tæksəu'nɔmik]453. throughout a genus: 在属[θru:'aut] 自始至终，到处；全部['dʒi:nəs] n. 类，种；属454. stem modification:茎的变态455. cylindrical：[si'lindrikəl] adj. 圆柱形的；圆柱体的456. alteration：改变457. bizarre：[bi'zɑ:] adj. 奇异的（指态度，容貌，款式等）458. crown：[kraun] 【植物学】树冠，树顶；根颈459. stolon: ['stəulɔn, -lən] [植] 匍匐枝;匍匐茎460. spurs: (树的)短枝461. below-ground:地下的462. bulb：【植物学】(洋葱、百合等的)球茎，球根，鳞茎；鳞茎植物；类似鳞茎的根463. corm：n. [植] 球茎464. rhizome: ['raizəum] n. 根茎；[植] 地下茎465. tuber: ['tju:bə] n. [植]块茎466. bald-cypress:光秃秃的柏树467. gibberellic acid: 赤霉酸468. crown division:469. asparagus: [ə'spærəɡəs] n. 芦笋；龙须菜；天冬470. horizontal branch: 水平分支471. fleshy bud: 肉质芽472. leafy rosette: [rəu'zet] 【植物学】莲座(叶)丛473. offsets:短匍匐枝474. slips：嫩枝475. suckers:根出条476. pips：徒长枝477. offshoots:萌蘖枝478. runner：【植物学】长匐茎，纤枝蔓藤植物479. internode: ['intənəud] 【植物学】节间480. shortened internode:节间缩短481. quince：n. [植]温柏；柑橘482. compressed modification 压缩改性483. onion：洋葱；洋葱头484. tulip：['tju:lip] n. 郁金香485. tunicate bulb: ['tju:nikit, -keit] adj. 有被囊的；有被膜的486. Easter lily: 复活节百合花487. scaly bulb: ['skeili] adj. 有鳞的；积垢的；劣等的488. bulbil: ['bʌlbil] n. 球芽489. aerial stem: 地上茎['εəriəl]aerialadj. 空气的；空中的，航空的；空想的490. rudimentary leaf: 基本叶[,ru:di'mentəri] rudimentary adj. 基本的；初步的；退化的；残遗的；未发展的491. gladiolus: n. [植]剑兰492. crocus: ['krəukəs] 【植物】藏红花属(Crocus) 植物493. iris: ['aiəris] 鸢尾属植物494. elongated internode:: 拉长节间495. turf grasses:草坪496. quack grass：匍匐冰草497. Canadian thistle：加拿大蓟498. light energy：光能499. blade：【植物学】(尤指草、谷类植物的)叶片，草叶叶身(区别于叶柄) 500. petiole: ['petiəul] n. [植] 叶柄；柄部501. outgrowth: n. 结果；副产物；自然的发展；分枝502. stipule: ['stipju:l] n. [植] 托叶503. vein: (植物的)叶脉504.dicot: ['daikɔt, dai'kɔtil] n. 双子叶植物505. monocot: ['mɔnəkɔt] n. 单子叶植物506. leaf blade: 叶片507.bilaterally symmetrical: 两侧对称的[bai'lætərəli] [si'metrikəl]508.radically symmetrical: 完全对称['rædikəli] adv. 根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式509. palisade cell: [植] 栅栏细胞；棚状细胞[,pæli'seid]510. spongy mesophyll: [植] 海绵叶肉['spʌndʒi] adj. 海绵状的；轻软的；多孔而有弹性的；有吸水性的['mesəufil] n. [植] 叶肉511. gaseous exchange:气体交换气体对流512. stomata: n. 气孔;口513. water vapour: 水蒸汽，水汽vapour['veipə] n. 蒸气（等于vapor）；水蒸气514. sansevieria: [,sænsi'viəriə] n. 虎尾兰515. tendril: ['tendril] n. 卷须；蔓；卷须状物516. cabbage: ['kæbidʒ] n. 卷心菜，甘蓝菜，（俚）脑袋517. poinsettia: [pɔin'setiə, -'setə] n. 一品红；猩猩木；圣诞红518. sepal: ['si:pəl, 'sep-] n. 萼片；花萼the calyx：['keiliks, 'kæliks] n. 盏，[植] 花萼；杯状结构519. petal：['petəl] n. [植]花瓣the corolla: [kə'rɔlə] n. [植] 花冠520. perfume gland: 香水腺体521. nectar gland: 蜜腺522. viscous sugary substance: 糖物质粘性523. stamens: n. [植]雄蕊524. pollen-bearing anther: ['pɔlin]花粉['ænθə] n. 花药；花粉囊525. filament: ['filəmənt] 【植物学】(雄蕊的)花丝(某些藻类、菌类等的)丝状体；藻丝526. pistil: ['pistil] n. [植] 雌蕊527. ovule-bearing base ['əuvju:l, 'ɔ-] n. 胚珠；幼籽；卵细胞==ovary ['əuvəri] n. [植]子房；[解]卵巢528. style: 【植物学】花柱529. stigma: ['stiɡmə] n. [植] 柱头530. essentially modified:本质上变异531. enlarged portion:: 扩大的部分532. receptacle: [ri'septəkl] 【植物学】花托；花托状组织(如囊托、孢子托等533. complete flower:【植物学】完全花534. incomplete flower: [植] 不完全花，不全花535. pistillate flower [植] 雌花；雌性花；雌蕊花536. staminate flower【植物学】雄(蕊)花537.perfet/bisexual/hermaphroditic flower: 两性花[hə:,mæfrə'ditik]538.monoecious: [mɔ'ni:ʃəs, məu-] adj. [植][动] 雌雄同株的；[动] 雄雌同体的539. dioecious: [dai'i:ʃəs] adj. [植][动] 雌雄异体的540. date palm: 【植物】海枣(树),枣椰树(Phoenix dactylifera)[亦作date]541. papaya: [pə'pɑ:iə] n. 木瓜；番木瓜树542. muskmelon: ['mʌsk,melən] n. 甜瓜543. andromonoecious: [,ændrəumə'ni:ʃəs] adj. [植] 雄花两性花同株的；雄全同株的544. inflorescence: [,inflɔ:'resəns] n. 花；花序；开花545. a flower cluster: 一朵花集群546. withered : ['wiðəd] 枯萎的；憔悴的；雕谢了的；尽是皱纹的547. remnant: ['remnənt] 剩余；残余；残余物548. berry:浆果549. grape：葡萄550. hesperidium: [,hespə'ridiəm] n. [园艺] 柑果；柠檬果551. drupe:核果552. pome:仁果553. pod：荚果554. follicle：['fɔlikl]蓇葖果555. aniseed: ['ænisi:d] n. 八角；洋茴香556. capsules:蒴果557. colchicum: ['kɔltʃikəm] n. 秋水仙；秋水仙制成的麻药；秋水仙种子558. silique: [si'li:k, 'silik] n. [植] 长角果559. crucifer: ['kru:sifə] n. 执十字架的人；十字花科植物560. achene: [ə'ki:n] n. [植] 瘦果561. samara: ['sæmərə, sə'mɑ:rə] n. [植] 翼果，[植] 翅果562. maple: ['meipl] n. 枫树；淡棕色563. nut：核果564. multiple fruit：复果565. aggregate fruit：聚合果566. raspberry：['rɑ:zbəri, 'ræ-]【植物】悬钩子属(Rubus)植物567. caryopsis:颖果568. oat：燕麦569. pepo:瓠果570. cantaloupe: ['kæntəlu:p, -ləup] n. 哈密瓜；香瓜；[园艺] 罗马甜瓜571. almond: ['ɑ:mənd] n. 杏仁，杏树；杏仁状的东西572. ovary wall: 子房壁573. dehiscence: [di'hisəns] n. 裂开【植物学】裂开，开裂574. simple fruit: 单果575. succulent ['sʌkjulənt] n. 多汁植物；肉质植物576. parenchyma: [pə'reŋkimə] n. [组织] 实质；软细胞组织577. fleshy: 【植物学】(如某些果实含有)肉质的，多汁的；(叶子)肥厚鲜嫩的578. dry: 【植物学】(果)干的579. pericarp: ['perikɑ:p] n. 果皮580. exocarp: ['eksəukɑ:p] 【植物学】外果皮(如李皮) (＝epicarp)581. mesocarp:中果皮582. endocarp:内果皮583. plum：n. 李子；洋李；紫红色；梅子584. schizocarp: 【植物学】分果，离果585. fig:无花果586. mulberry：桑树587. seed coat：【植物学】种皮，(尤指)棉籽皮588. miniature plant：['miniətʃə]微型植物589. embryo：['embriəu] 【植物学】胚[亦作embryon]590. union of gamete: ['ɡæmi:t] n. [生物] 配子，配偶子591. sex cell: 性细胞，生殖细胞592. mature: [mə'tjuə] vi. 到期；成熟593. plumule:: ['plu:mju:l] n. [植] 胚芽；绒羽=rudimentary shoot594. radicle: ['rædikl] 植物学】胚根；幼根= rudimentary root595. cotyledon: [,kɔti'li:dən] n. [植] 子叶=seed leaf596. hypocotyl [,haipə'kɔtil] n. 子叶下轴，[植] 下胚轴597. endosperm: ['endəuspə:m] n. [植] 胚乳598. seed germination: [,dʒə:mi'neiʃən] n. 发生；发芽；伟晶作用。
园艺专业词汇
园艺专业英语（a－k）园艺专业英语（a－k） A alternate bearing 大小年结果amendment 调理剂ample 充足的anatomical 解剖的aneuploid 非整倍性（的）anion 阴离子annual 一年生植物，一季生植物anther 花粉囊，花药anthocyanin [植]炭疽病antibiotic 抗生素anti-drop film 无滴膜antiviral 抗过滤性病原体的，抗病毒的apex 尖，顶端aphid 蚜虫apomixis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖apendix n. 附录，附属品，[解]阑尾apricot 杏aquifer 含水土层，蓄水层aroma 芳香，香气，香味arsenate n.[化]砷酸盐arsenic n.[化]砷，砒霜artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能asphalt-coated wood 涂上一层沥青的木头assimilate 合成代谢产物assimilation 同化，同化作用，吸收associated yield 相关的产量aster 紫菀astringency 涩味astringent 收敛性的，严酷的，涩的asymmetrical 不对称的at normal atmospheric pressure 在标准大气压下atomize 使雾化attached in-line emitter 在制作过程中胶合或焊接在滴灌带（或软管）上的内置式喷头（滴头）attainable yield 可得到的产量attendant 伴随的auxin 生长素avenue 林荫道avocado 油梨axil 叶腋axillary 腋窝的，叶腋的，腋生的园艺专业英语2（L-Z）Llabour-intensive production process 劳动密集型生产过程laid （lay的过去式）产（卵）landfill 垃圾掩埋法，垃圾landscape designer 园林设计师large plastic house 塑料大棚larva [复] larvae 幼虫latent heat 潜热lateral branch 侧枝lattice girder 支撑桁架lay-flat bag 平放的种植袋lay-flat duct 平铺管layout n. 规划，设计，（书刊等）编排，版面设计，（工厂等）布局图leaf area ratio 叶面积比leaf cutting 叶插leaf epidermis 叶表皮，叶上皮leaf mold 腐殖土；叶霉病leaf variegation 叶杂色性，叶色变异leaf : fruit ratio 叶果比leaf-miner 潜叶蝇leak 渗漏lean-to house 一面坡温室，单屋面温室legend 图例lepidopterous 鳞翅目的light intensity 光强light transmission 光的透射light transmissivity 透光率lightweight medium 质地较轻的基质likelihood n. 可能，可能性lily 百合，百合花limb 枝limestone 石灰石line graph 直线图，折线图，曲线图linoleic acid 亚油酸lipid 类脂，脂类，类脂化合物liquid plastic mulch 液体塑料膜load 负荷lobe 圆片locule [生物]小腔，小室，心室，室（指子房，花药等）longitudinal angel 纵向角度looper 尺蠖Loosduinen 荷兰的一个地名low tunnel 小拱棚lycopene [生物]番茄红素。
园艺英语词汇
Amphiploid双倍体Amphidiploid双二倍体Autotetraploid同源四倍体Allotetraploid异源四倍体Allohexaploid异源六倍体Allopolyploid异源多倍体Autopolyploid同源多倍体Natural selection自然选择Euploid整倍体Aneuploid非整倍体Wild relatives野生亲缘种Plant introduction引种Heritability遗传力Transgressive inheritance超亲遗传Quantitative inheritance数量遗传Qualitative inheritance质量遗传(Fertility) Restoring gene育性基因Additive effect加性效应Dose effect剂量效应Dominant effect显性效应Male sterile gene雄性不育基因Gene transfer转基因Genic sterility基因性不育Mutation突变mutant突变体Mutational site突变位点Hot spot (in mutation)突变热点Biochemical mutation生化诱变karyotype核型Cytoplasmic mutation细胞质突变bud mutation芽变Mutation frequency突变频率Addition line附加系Substitution line代换系Translocation line易位系Somatic hybridization体细胞杂交Homogeneity同质性Heterogeneity异质性Xenia异粉性Metaxenia后生异粉性Male parent父本Female parent母本Progeny后代Filial generation子代，杂交后代Cross杂交Hybrid杂种，杂合物Cross breeding (Hybridization)杂交育种Pure line breeding (Pure line selection) 纯系育种Single cross单交Heterosis (hybrid vigor)杂交优势Heterobeltiosis超亲杂交优势Test cross测交Double cross双杂交Top cross顶交Back cross回交Recurrent parent轮回亲本Non-recurrent parent非回交亲本Reciprocal cross正反交，互交Selfing自交Inbreeding (Close breeding)近交Outbreeding远交，杂交繁殖Cross pollination异花授粉Self-pollination自花授粉Self-fertilization自花受精Artificial pollination人工授粉Mixed pollination混合授粉haploid breeding单倍体育种Distant hybrid远缘杂交Strain (Line)系Breeding for disease resistance 抗病育种Apomixis无融合生殖Cultivar (Variety)栽培品种Variety certification品种鉴定Landrace Variety registration 本地品种记录Improved variety改良品种Commercial variety商业品种Introduced variety引进品种Kingdom界Phylum门Class纲SubclassxxFamily科Genus属Species种Germplasm种质Fruit atlas果树图集Germplasm resources种质资源Germplasm of fruit tree果树种质Germplasm resources of fruits果树种质资源Germplasm resources file种质资源档案Exploration of germplasm resources种质资源勘查Wild species野生种Cultivar栽培品种Variety变种Maintenance of germplasm resources species种质资源保存Kindred wild National fruit germplasm repository国家果树种质库Passport data基本数据Strain株系、品系Classification of fruit plants果树分类Characterization鉴定Fruit cultivar inventory果树栽培品种目录Monograph of fruit trees果树专著Degeneration of cultivars品种退化Origin of cultivated fruits果树栽培品种的起源Cultivated species栽培品种Palynology characterization孢粉学特征鉴定Science of germplasm resources种质资源学Biodiversity生物多样性Science of germplasm resources of fruit 果树种质资源学Variety test品种试验Identification of characters性状鉴定Early stage evaluation早期鉴定Carbon (C)Hydrogen (H)Oxygen (O)Nitrogen (N)Phosphorous (P)Potassium (K)Calcium (Ca)Zinc (Zn)Magnesium (Mg)Sulphur (S)Sodium (Na)Iron (Fe)Manganese (Mn)Copper (Cu)Boron(B)Chloride (Cl)Molybdenum(Mo)Fertilizer肥料Diagnosis诊断Fertigation施肥灌溉Nutrient balance营养平衡Element元素Starch淀粉The balanced fertilization平衡施肥Beneficial element有益元素Essential element必需元素Carbohydrate碳水化合物Assimilate吸收，同化Photosynthate 光合产物Ion离子Deficiency缺乏Mineral nutrition矿质营养Toxicity毒性Physiological disorder生理失调Manure施肥Green manure绿色肥料Organic manure有机肥Inorganic无机肥Cover crops 覆盖作物cash crop商品作物Pomology果树学Deciduous fruit tree落叶果树Annual vegetable crop一年生蔬菜Biennial vegetable crop两年生蔬菜Perennial vegetable crop多年生蔬菜Aquatic水生的Vegetables蔬菜Ornamental horticulture观赏园艺学Flower arrangement花卉装饰Flower decoration花卉装饰landscape design景观设计Landscape gardening传统园林学The standard leaf sample标准叶样Rhizosphere根际Stress胁迫Tolerance耐受性The standard values of leaf mineral elements标准xx矿质元素值mineral elements矿质元素Photosynthesis光合作用ChlorophyllxxSpray喷洒Nutrient养分Content含量，内容物Concentration浓度Solution溶液Soil application土壤施肥Foliar application叶面施肥Solution culture液体培养abortion败育agarxxanther花粉apical顶端的auxin生长素axillary bud腋芽callus，calli愈伤组织cellular totipotency细胞全能性cellulase纤维素酶cellulose纤维素centrifuge离心chloroplastxxchromosome doubling染色体加倍colony细胞团，菌落cybrid(cytoplasmic hybrid)胞质杂种cytokin细胞分裂素cytoplasm细胞质degeneration败育dedifferentiation脱分化redifferentiation再分化dihaploid二单倍体diploid二倍体dissect剥离dormancy休眠eliminate除去embryo胚胎embryoid胚状体embryogenesis胚胎发生方式epidermis表皮，上表皮excise切除explants外植体filter paper滤纸agarose琼脂糖germplasm种质global embryo球型胚hormone激素interspecific种间的intraspecific种内的in vitro体外in vivo活体meristem分生组织meristem culture茎尖培养micropagation微繁microspore小孢子monocotyledon/monocots单子叶植物nod culture茎段培养organelle细胞器organogenesis器官发生方式osmotic渗透的plantlet小植株，苗pollen culture花粉培养pollinate授粉somatic embryo体细胞胚somatic hybridization体细胞杂交somatic hybrid 体细胞杂种stem茎sterile distilled water蒸馏水sterilization消毒stock plant母株subculture继代sucrose蔗糖terminal bud顶芽transfer转移virus eradication脱毒Gene基因IntronxxExon外显子Operon操纵子Replicon复制子Promoter启动子Ribonucleic acidRNANucleotide核酸Amino acid氨基酸Protein蛋白质Mutant突变体Mutation突变Splicing剪接Ligase连接酶Kinase激酶Transcriptional factor转录因子Genome基因组Action spectrum光谱Photoautotroph光合自养生物Photoheterotroph光合异养生物Absorption吸收Bioassay生物测定Phytotron人工气候室Photoreduction光还原Photooxidation光氧化Thermal death point(TDP)热[致]死点Lignification木质化Optimum temperature最适温度Photochemical induction光化学感应After-effect后效Transmembrane potential跨膜电位Reaction center反应中心Gross photosynthesis总光合作用率Net (Apparent) photosynthesis净光合Law of limiting factor限制因素定律Photosystem光系统Quantum efficiency量子效率Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)光合成有效辐射Assimilation同化作用Dissimilation异化作用Compensation point补偿点Light reaction光反应Dark reaction暗反应Photolysis光解作用Photophosphorylation光合磷酸化Light saturation point光饱和点Respiration呼吸作用Aerobic respiration有氧呼吸Anaerobic respiration厌氧呼吸Photorespiration光呼吸Dark respiration暗呼吸Cyanide-resistant respiration抗氰呼吸Climacteric呼吸跃变Metabolism新陈代谢Catabolism分解代谢（异化作用）Anabolism合成代谢Secondary metabolism次级代谢Electron transport电子传递Electron carrier电子载体Terminal oxidase末端氧化酶Terminal electron acceptor末端电子受体Antitranspirant抗蒸腾，抗蒸腾剂Plasmolysis质壁分离Physiological drought生理干旱Soil permeability土壤渗透性Water requirement水分需求Osmotic pressure渗透压diffusion coefficient 扩散系数Percolation (leakage)渗透Guttation伤流现象Bleeding伤流wilting coefficient萎蔫系数Turgor pressure膨胀压water potential水势Permanent wilting永久萎蔫Wilting萎蔫Hypertonic solution高渗溶液Hypotonic solution低渗溶液Isotonic solution等渗溶液Temporary wilting临时萎蔫Osmotic pressure渗透压Nitrogen fixation固氮作用Permeability渗透性Permeable membrane渗透膜Physiological acidity生理酸度Physiological alkalinity生理碱度Acropetal translocation顶向运输Bidirectional translocation基向运输Ring gridling环割Partioning分配Root pressure根压Symplast共质体Apoplast质外体Aging老化Tropism向性Apical dominance顶端优势Critical period临界期Taxis趋避性Nasty感性GeotropismxxPhotropismxxThreshold value临界值Stress胁迫Lodging倒伏Earliness早熟Lateness迟误Physiological maturity成熟度。
部分园林专业英语词汇
园林艺术garden art园林美学garden aesthetics园林建筑学garden architecture园林建筑garden building园林工程garden engineering园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant盆景miniature landscape, penjing园林garden and park园林学史history of garden architecture园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning园林设计garden design乔木arbor灌木shrub铺石band stone地下车库car park bellow曲线形铺地curved paving bands庭园cartilage; Garth标志牌(sign) courtyard identification sign庭院courtyard瀑布fall步道footpath园桥garden bridge园林garden and park草本植物herbage藤本植物liane蔓本植物liana砌石natural cut stone铺地pave园林景观view of the garden亭，阁pavilion 榭pavilion on terrace植被planting花坛planting beds大广场plaza台platform栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature林荫树shade trees楼storied building 小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪turf；grass园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地区waterfront茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula2.0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture2.0002 造园学garden making, landscape gardening2.0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture 2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine 2.0018 园林管理garden management2.0019 园林生态landscape ecology2.0020 绿化greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening 2.0022 绿地面积green area2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing2.0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening 2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化mass planting movement 2.0031 郊区绿化suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting2.0034 堤岸种植bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening2.0041 花园garden2.0042 专类花园specified flower garden 2.0043 花园村garden village2.0044 园林城市landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园rose garden2.0046 松柏园conifer garden2.0047 球根园bulb garden2.0048 宿根园perennial garden2.0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery 2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground2.0051 街心花园street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园petty street garden2.0053 水景园water garden2.0054 铺地园paved garden2.0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden 2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园rustic garden2.0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape2.0059 动物园zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden 2.0063 学校园school garden2.0064 室内花园indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园garden for the blind2.0067 公园park, public park2.0068 城市公园city park, urban park 2.0069 区公园regional park2.0070 儿童公园children park2.0071 体育公园sports park2.0072 森林公园forest park2.0073 纪念公园memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park 2.0075 综合公园comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park2.0078 中央公园central park2.0079 天然公园natural park2.0080 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园historic site park2.0082 河滨公园riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园lakeside park2.0084 路边公园roadside park, street park 2.0085 娱乐公园amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园recreation park2.0088 疗养公园sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园national park2.0090 邻里公园neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园special park2.0092 植物园botanical garden2.0093 植物公园abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园tropical plants garden 2.0096 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden2.0097 绿地green space2.0098 公共绿地public green space2.0099 单位绿地unit green area2.0100 城市绿地urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection2.0104 郊区绿地suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地residential block green belt 2.0106 附属绿地attached green space2.0107 生产绿地productive plantation area 2.0108 苗圃nursery2.0109 风景landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观natural landscape2.0111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities2.0112 草原景观prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape 2.0115 湖泊景观lake view2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观karst landscape2.0119 植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden 2.0125 皇家园林royal garden2.0126 私家园林private garden2.0127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林Italian style garden 2.0132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden 2.0133 法兰西式园林French style garden 2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden 2.0137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden 2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊xystus2.0141 迷阵maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台Ling T ai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden 2.0155 悬园Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park 2.0158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景distant view2.0161 近景nearby view2.0162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place2.0165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery2.0166 漏景leaking through scenery2.0167 框景enframed scenery2.0168 尾景terminal feature2.0169 主景main feature2.0170 副景secondary feature2.0171 配景objective view2.0172 夹景vista line, vista2.0173 前景front view2.0174 背景background2.0175 景序order of sceneries2.0176 景点feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观downward landscape2.0179 季相景观seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery2.0181 视野visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间garden space2.0184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间enclosure space2.0186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery2.0187 苍古antiquity2.0188 空灵spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观in-motion viewing2.0190 静观in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance 2.0195 左右对称bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry2.0197 透景线perspective line2.0198 轴线axis, axial line2.0199 主轴main axis 2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors 2.0204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony 2.0205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出contrast colors accent 2.0207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色warm color2.0209 冷色cool color2.0210 色感color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning2.0212 绿地系统green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局green space layout2.0216 吸引圈attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离attractive distance2.0218 有效半径effective radius2.0219 绿地资源green space resource2.0220 绿地效果green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space2.0222 空间规划space planning2.0223 形象规划image plan2.0224 实施规划implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space 2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度usage frequency2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型type of green space2.0230 环状绿型annular green space2.0231 块状绿地green plot2.0232 点状绿地green spot2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地noise proof green space 2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地reserve garden2.0239 公园规划park planning2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area 2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area2.0252 草坪区lawn space2.0253 绿荫区shade tree section2.0270 园林规划图garden planning map 2.0271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction2.0272 城市公园系统urban park system2.0273 公园分布distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型park type, park category2.0275 公园间距distance between parks 2.0276 公园形式park styles2.0292 风景学scenicology2.0293 风景规划landscape plan2.0294 风景设计landscape design2.0295 游览路线touring route2.0296 旅游资源tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质tourism geology2.0299 历史名城famous historical city2.0300 文化名城famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆natural open museum 2.0303 风景地貌natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区river landscape district 2.0315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot 2.0316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot 2.0317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot 2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area 2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map 2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design 2.0331 造价分析cost analysis2.0332 园林形式garden style2.0333 规整式园林formal garden style2.0334 非规整园林informal garden style 2.0335 几何式园林geometric garden style 2.0336 自然式园林natural garden style2.0337 混合式园林mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style2.0339 马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden2.0340 园林区划garden area division2.0341 园林分区规划garden block planning 2.0342 庭院花园courtyard garden2.0343 前庭front yard, forecourt2.0344 后庭back yard, rear yard2.0345 中庭patio2.0346 厨园kitchen yard2.0347 沉[床]园sunken garden2.0348 窗园window garden2.0349 墙园wall garden2.0350 宅园home garden2.0351 台地园terrace garden2.0352 冬园winter garden2.0353 切花园cut flower garden2.0354 屋顶花园roof garden2.0355 后花园back yard garden2.0356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden2.0357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound 2.0358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork2.0359 太湖石T aihu Lake stone, water modelled stone2.0360 黄石yellowish brown stone2.0361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone2.0362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone2.0363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making2.0364 叠石stones laying2.0365 板石flag stone2.0366 散点石scattered stone2.0367 抱角石corner stone2.0368 屋基石foundation stone2.0369 排衙石guard stone2.0370 屏石screen stone2.0371 石岸rock bank2.0372 石阶stone steps2.0373 汀步stepping stone on water surface2.0374 附壁石stone appended to wall2.0375 石花台stone flower bed2.0376 石凳stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall2.0378 干砌石dry stone wall2.0379 假山石楼梯rock stairway2.0380 石亭stone pavilion2.0381 石洞stone cavern2.0382 石窟grotto2.0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout2.0384 拱石arch stone2.0385 拱顶石key stone2.0386 园林水景water scenes of garden 2.0387 水体water body2.0388 水面water surface 2.0389 水池pool2.0390 水塘pond2.0391 喷泉fountain2.0392 喷水池fountain pool2.0393 涉水池wading pool2.0394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool 2.0395 睡莲池water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘high water table pond 2.0399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool2.0400 隐头喷泉secret fountain2.0401 岛园island garden2.0402 半岛园peninsula garden2.0403 小岛isle2.0404 瀑布waterfall2.0405 小瀑布cascade2.0406 湖lake2.0407 矶rock projecting over water2.0408 水帘洞water curtain cave2.0409 园桥garden bridge2.0410 拱桥arch bridge2.0411 石板桥stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥plank bridge2.0413 圆木桥log bridge2.0414 亭桥pavilion bridge2.0415 曲桥zigzag bridge2.0416 壁泉wall fountain2.0417 饮水喷头drinking fountain2.0418 植物配植plant arrangement2.0419 树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs2.0420 群植group planting, mass planting 2.0421 孤植specimen planting, isolated planting2.0422 丛植clump planting2.0423 组植group planting2.0424 林植forest planting2.0425 列植linear planting2.0426 对植opposite planting, coupled planting2.0427 环植circular planting2.0428 带植belt planting2.0429 散植scattered planting, loose planting2.0430 边缘种植edge planting2.0431 边界种植boundary planting2.0432 整形种植architectural planting2.0433 基础种植foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植corner planting2.0435 景框种植planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植fence planting2.0438 障景种植screen planting2.0439 背景种植background planting2.0440 林下种植underwood planting2.0441 路边种植roadside planting2.0442 绿篱hedge2.0443 树墙espalier2.0444 庭荫树shade tree2.0445 园景树specimen tree2.0446 风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest2.0447 行道树avenue tree, street tree2.0448 纪念林memorial forest2.0449 整型树topiary tree2.0450 花篱flower hedge’2.0451 刺篱thorny plants hedge2.0452 常绿绿篱evergreen hedge2.0453 落叶绿篱deciduous hedge2.0454 高篱high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge 2.0460 边篱boundary fence2.0461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge 2.0462 纯林pure forest2.0463 混交林mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland 2.0465 杂木林spinney2.0466 树冠覆盖面tree canopy2.0467 草坪lawn2.0468 整形草坪formal lawn 2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn2.0470 牧场草坪meadowy land2.0471 花坛flower bed2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed2.0474 时钟花坛flower clock2.0475 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed2.0476 高设花台raised flower bed2.0477 毛毡花坛carpet bed2.0478 镶嵌花坛mosaic bed2.0479 铺石花坛paved bed2.0480 灌木花坛shrub bed2.0481 图案花坛群parterre2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed 2.0483 花结花坛knot bed2.0484 整形花坛formal flower bed2.0485 花境flower border2.0486 花桶flower tub2.0487 植树箱planting box2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed2.0489 瓶饰garden vase2.0490 灌木花境shrub border2.0491 混合花境mixed border2.0492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design2.0493 漫步路trail, footway2.0494 小径alley, path2.0495 川草坪岛lawn island2.0496 安全岛traffic island, refuge island 2.0497 转弯曲度turning curvature2.0498 转弯半径turning radius2.0499 踏面landing pitch2.0500 步石stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步wading step2.0502 错铺路crazy paving path2.0503 随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random2.0504 花纹路pattern path2.0505 林荫路mall2.0506 林荫大道boulevard2.0507 花园路parkway2.0508 林间小道path in woodland2.0509 种植池planting bed2.0510 树池保护格栅tree grate2.0511 树干保护套栏tree guard2.0512 树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting2.0513 路面线纹score line2.0514 传统园林建筑traditional garden building2.0515 凉亭summer shelter2.0516 活树亭arbor, tent arbor2.0517 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion2.0518 茅亭thatched pavilion2.0519 竹亭bamboo pavilion2.0520 茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk2.0521 回廊cloister2.0522 水廊corridor on water2.0523 曲廊zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery2.0525 楼廊two-storied gallery2.0526 画舫painted pleasure boat2.0527 石舫stone boat2.0528 不击舟immovable pleasure boat2.0529 诗条石poem-engraved stone slab 2.0530 月洞门moon gate2.0531 扶手栏杆handrail2.0532 坐凳栏杆seat rail2.0533 石碑stone tablet, stele2.0534 园林露天剧场open garden theater 2.0535 园林露天舞池open garden dancing place2.0536 露天音乐台outdoor music stand 2.0537 眺望台prospect deck2.0538 繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse2.0539 展览温室public conservatory2.0540 月池new-moon pool2.0541 园林小品small garden ornaments 2.0542 磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet 2.0543 园椅garden chair, garden seat2.0544 园凳garden bench2.0545 园桌garden table2.0546 园灯garden lamp2.0547 日规sundial 2.0548 鸟浴bird bath2.0549 鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box2.0550 鸟笼bird cage, bird coop2.0551 悬篮hanging basket2.0552 野鸟喂食器bird feeder2.0553 额匾horizontal inscribed board2.0554 楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar2.0555 引露天烤炉open barbecue2.0556 树棚living-tree pergola2.0557 花架pergola2.0558 花格架trellis, treillage2.0559 点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway2.0560 园林施工garden layout, garden construction2.0561 种植工程planting engineering2.0562 大树移植big tree transplanting2.0563 裸根移植bare root transplanting 2.0564 土球移植ball transplanting2.0565 沟植trench planting2.0566 假植heeling in, temporary planting 2.0567 播种草坪seeding lawn2.0568 铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn2.0569 假山工程rockery engineering2.0570 掇山五法five methods" of rock piling2.0571 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced2.0572 前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 2.0573 上轻下重法method of lowering the center of gravity of rocks2.0574 纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins2.0575 石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials2.0576 观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub 2.0577 观叶植物foliage plant2.0578 观果植物fruit-effect plant2.0579 观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches2.0580 指示植物indicating plant2.0581 主景植物accent plant2.0582 耐湿植物damp tolerant plant2.0583 抗风植物wind-resistant plant2.0584 耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plant2.0585 市花city flower2.0586 市树city tree2.0587 国花national flower2.0588 国树national tree2.0589 芳香植物fragrant plant2.0590 抗污染植物pollution resistant plant 2.0591 环保植物environment protecting plant2.0592 高山植物alpine plant2.0593 岩生植物rock plant2.0594 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber 2.0595 地被植物ground cover plant2.0596 阴生植物shade plant2.0597 装饰植物decorative plant2.0598 装缘植物edging plant2.0599 绿蓠植物hedge plant2.0600 草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass 2.0601 花坛植物bedding plant2.0602 球根植物bulbous plant2.0603 宿根植物perennial plant, perennial 2.0604 水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte 2.0605 旱生植物xerophyte2.0606 沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant 2.0607 室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant2.0608 切花cut flower2.0609 垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant2.0610 缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant2.0611 针叶植物needle-leaved plant2.0612 阔叶植物broad-leaved plant2.0613 斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant2.0614 松柏植物conifer2.0615 常绿植物evergreen plant2.0616 半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant 2.0617 不耐寒植物tender plant2.0618 半耐寒植物half-hardy plant2.0619 耐寒植物hardy plant2.0620 耐旱植物drought enduring plant2.0621 山石材料stone material 2.0622 昆山石Kunshan stone2.0623 钟乳石stalactite2.0624 灵壁石Lingbi stone2.0625 英德石Yingde stone2.0626 青石Qing stone2.0627 宣石Xuan stone2.0628 房山石Fangshan stone2.0629 观赏动物ornamental animal2.0630 观赏鸟类ornamental bird2.0631 观赏兽类ornamental beast2.0632 观赏昆虫类ornamental insect02.8 园林机具设备2.0633 园林机械garden machine2.0634 园林工具garden instrument, garden implement2.0635 园林设备garden equipment2.0636 花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider 2.0637 种植容器planting container2.0638 圆木桩log peg2.0639 喷射装置jet bubbler2.0640 滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator 2.0641 环动喷灌器circle sprinkler2.0642 圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler2.0643 自控器automatic controller2.0644 管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler2.0645 固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler2.0646 喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler2.0647 喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage2.0648 草坪加肥器lawn feeder2.0649 施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler2.0650 液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner2.0651 滴水喷头emitter, dripper2.0652 水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net2.0653 苗木包装材料nursery stock package material2.0654 麻布袋burlap bag2.0655 铁丝篮wire basket2.0656 篮状种植器basket container2.0657 塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican2.0658 播种盘seed tray2.0659 网孔盆mesh pot2.0660 含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot2.0661 盆栽机potting machine2.0662 换盆机repotting machine2.0663 再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container2.0664 纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower 2.0665 泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter2.0666 松土除草机cultivator2.0667 旋转锄rotary hoe2.0668 切叶机foliage cutter2.0669 翻地犁uncovering plough2.0670 盖土机mounted spreader2.0671 前悬装土机front mounted loader 2.0672 后缀装土机rear mounted loader 2.0673 旋轴剪草机spindle mower2.0674 栽植机planting machine2.0675 植物覆盖plant mulching2.0676 覆盖物分散机mulch spreader2.0677 种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder2.0678 修枝剪pruning shear2.0679 播种器garden seeder2.0680 球根种植器bulb planter2.0681 土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer 2.0682 巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer2.0683 嫁接刀grafting knife2.0684 温室设备greenhouse equipment2.0685 盆栽灌水系统pot watering system 2.0686 温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller2.0687 温室覆盖greenhouse covering2.0688 喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system2.0689 二氧化碳发生器C02 generator2.0690 温度报警钟temperature alarm2.0691 游览车park sightseeing bus2.0692 引剪草机lawn mower2.0693 动力剪草机power lawnmower2.0694 畜力剪草机horse lawnmower2.0695 手推剪草机hand lawnmower 2.0696 游人调查visitors investigation2.0697 游人统计visitors statistics2.0698 游人分析garden visitors analysis 2.0699 游人管理visitors management2.0700 导游图tourist map2.0701 导游解说tour descri ption and direction2.0702 劳动管理labour management2.0703 物资管理material handling, goods handling2.0704 设备管理equipment management, facility management2.0705 财务管理financial management2.0706 安全管理safety management2.0707 环境监测environmental monitor 2.0708 植物养护管理plant maintenance and management2.0709 园林技术管理garden technical management2.0710 质量管理quality management2.0711 园貌维修garden feature maintenance2.0712 植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning2.0713 植物病虫防治disease and insect control2.0714 园林管理规划management plan 2.0715 游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions2.0716 游人规则visitors regulation2.0717 园内交通管理traffic control in park 2.0718 园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance2.0719 汽车停车规则parking rules2.0720 自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules2.0721 开放时间opening time2.0722 日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management2.0723 人类生态环境human ecological environment2.0724 自然系统natural system2.0725 自然资源natural resource2.0726 自然保护conservation of nature 2.0727 自然保存natural preservation2.0728 环境保护environmental protection 2.0729 环境容量environment capacity2.0730 环境适宜性environment fitness2.0731 环境空气质量标准ambient air quality2.0732 共生symbiosis2.0733 互惠共生mutualism2.0734 公害public nuisance2.0735 生态绝灭ecological extinction2.0736 生态系统ecosystem2.0737 生态圈ecosphere2.0738 生态灾难ecological disaster2.0739 环境质量environmental quality2.0740 环境压力environment stress2.0741 生命维持系统life-support system 2.0742 反馈系统feedback system2.0743 自养生物autotroph2.0744 异养生物heterotroph2.0745 食物链foodchain2.0746 生物圈biosphere2.0747 濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant2.0748 主体群落major community2.0749 人工群落artificial community2.0750 绿色革命green revolution2.0751 户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource2.0752 原始环境系统wilderness environment system2.0753 近代环境系统modern environment system2.0754 乡村生活模式country life-pattern 2.0755 烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution2.0756 雾害fog pollution2.0757 霜害frost injury2.0758 水污染water pollution2.0759 土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination2.0760 园林小气候garden microclimate 2.0761 环境保护植物environmental conservation plant2.0762 引气候调节climatic regulation2.0763 自动调节机能homeostasis2.0764 生态平衡ecological homeostasis 2.0765 森林生态系统forest ecosystem2.0766 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem 2.0767 滞尘植物dust holding plantbackfill 回填backhoe 挖沟机bar charts 横道图barrier design 障碍设计beams 大梁bearing capacity 承载力benchmarks 水准点billing 帐簿biodiversity 生物多样性bioengineering 生物工程biomass 生物量bioretention ponds 生物滞留池boardwalks 栈桥bonding company 担保公司bonuses 奖金boundary definition 边界确定boundary survey 边界测量brown fields 褐色土地bulldozers 推土机business development 商业开发business parks 商业园区cadastral survey 地籍测量camping 野营cesspools 化粪池，污水坑，污水渗井，粪坑change orders 变更单changes, unauthorized 未经同意的变更channels, stormwater 雨水沟渠，槽，渠道circulation control 循环控制circulation patterns 环流模式clay lenses 粘土防渗层clay soil 粘土clean-up 清扫，清理，清除，提纯，净化cluster treatment systems 集中式污水处理系统cold 寒带collected rainwater 收集起来的雨水collector streets 次干道colloidal soil 胶质土壤commercial center design 商业中心设计communication 电信community commercial 社区商业community facility standards 社区设施标准community parks and recreation planning data 社区公园和文娱体育规划资料community scale 社区尺度community standards 社区标准compaction 压实competition pools 竞赛用游泳池composting toilets 堆肥厕所conceptualization 概念化concrete crib wall 混凝土格笼墙cones of vision 视锥connected imperviousness 连续的非渗透地面conservation standards 保护标准constructed wetlands 人工湿地construction 施工brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏types of 类型unauthorized changes 未经同意的变更板design requirements 设计要求estimating design load 估算设计荷载framing method 结构方法plank-and-beam framing 厚木板梁框架platform framing 平台框架material 材料hardware 五金件wood 木料，木材site analysis 场地分析span tables 跨度表structural design 结构设计decks, function of 平台的功能deferred maintenance 延期维修（维护）demolition, general 整体破坏demolition ,selective 选择性破坏density 密度design development 设计扩初，设计深化design framework 设计框架design impacts 设计影响design quality 设计质量design speed 设计速度detail scale 细部尺度detention ponds 滞留池development 开发industrial. See industrial development 工业，见工业开发residential. See residential development 居住，见居住开发development programming 开发计划development types, industrial and business 开发类型，工业和商业dimensional Criteria 标注标准dimensions 标注dimension of human figures 人体尺度direct labor 直接人工费disconnected imperviousness 不连续的非渗透地面disposal 处理，处置，排除，清除DL. See direct labor DL.见直接人工费drainage 排水，流域面积，排洪，排水系统drinking water 饮用水dry detention ponds 干滞池durability 耐久性EEames, Charles and Ray 查理•埃姆斯和雷earthwork 土方ecological impact 生态影响economic impact 经济影响edge habitat 边缘栖息地edge restraint 边缘限制endwalls 尾墙energy 能量environmental impact statement (EIS) 环境影响报告书（EIS）scoping process 确定范围程序environmental modification 环境修复equipment costs 设备费equipment crew costs 设备人工费equivalents 相等物，等同物estimating 估算stormwater runoff 雨水径流[量]estimating water flows 估算水流量evaluation 评价evapotranspiration rate 土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量速率exotic plant species 外来植物物种eye levels 视平线fabric reinforcement 纤维加固，织物加强件facilities planning data 设施规划数据feasibility planning 可行性规划federal regulations 联邦规范flood protection 防洪historic preservation 历史保留National Environmental Policy Act（NEPA）国家环境政策法案(NEPA)NPDES general permits NPDES一般性许可Section 10 permit 第10条许可Section 404 permit 第404条许可fee 费用cost plus fixed 固定费用之和lump sum 总数，总合retainer 律师费fences and walls 栅栏和围墙fences, wood and metal 栅栏，木栅栏和金属栅栏components 组分，内容construction 施工aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑structural considerations 结构方面的考虑field orders 现场通知单field sports 田径运动field surfaces 田径运动场地面field surveys 现场测量fill operations 填方工程fill, general 一般性填方filter strips 滤器，滤池，过滤，滤水filtration 过滤filtration systems 过滤系统finish grading 设计标高flexible pavement 柔性地面铺装flood protection 防洪follow ups 连续footage 尺长footcandle 英尺烛光footing drains 基座处排水，立足点排水footings 立足点forward spatial bubblesfoundations 基础fragmentation 破碎Freeway or Distributor Systems 高速路或分配者系统French drains 法式排水friction coefficient 摩擦系数frost depth 结冻深度，冰冻深度frost-thaw cycle 结冻-融化周期functional requirement 功能要求garden pool 花园游泳池general conditions 一般情况general contractor 总承包商general demolition 整体破坏general fill 总填方general requirements 一般要求general requirements costs 一般要求的费用general roadway standards 一般道路标准geodetic survey 测地学测量GIS 地理信息系统golf and driving ranges 高尔夫和高尔夫练习场grading 场地平整granular soil粒状土壤gravity wall 重力墙graywater 灰水greenfields 绿色用地，绿色土地ground covers 地被植物groundwater protection 地下水保护groundwater recharge 地下水补给groundwater resources 地下水资源，地下水储量growing season 生长期hand level 手动水平仪handrailings 扶手hazardous plants 有毒植物headwalls 头墙heavy duty 重型的，责任重大的herbaceous plants 草本植物highway 高速公路historic preservation 历史保留horizontal alignment 平面设计hot arid 炎热干燥hot humid 炎热潮湿。
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山东农业大学园艺专业英语部分单词表个人整理供考试复习专用1. agronomy [ə'ɡrɒnəmɪ]n.农艺学，农学2. meet [mi:t]vt.& vi.相遇；相识；开会；接触（某物）vt.满足；支付；迎接；经历（常指不愉快的事）n.运动会，体育比赛；猎狐运动（尤其英式英语）adj.适当的；合适的；恰当的3. contrast [ˈkɔntræst]n. 对比，对照;差异;对照物，对立面;[摄]反差;vi. 对比;形成对照;vt. 使对照，使对比;和…形成对照4. grain [ɡrein]n. 谷物，粮食;（沙，金，盐等的）颗粒;谷粒，籽粒;（木材，大理石等的）纹理; vt. 把…作成细粒;把…漆[画]成木纹;染透;刮去（皮上的）毛;vi. 成谷粒5. forage ['fɒrɪdʒ]n.牛马饲料；寻找粮草vi.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西）6. fiber ['faɪbə]n.光纤；（织物的）质地；纤维，纤维物质7. intensive [inˈtensiv]adj. 加强的，强烈的;[农]精耕细作的;[语]加强语意的;（农业方法）集约的; n. 加强器;[语]强义词，强调成份8. esthetic [es'θetɪk]adj.有关美的；美学的；审美的；悦目的9. gratification [ˌgrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n.满足；满意；喜悦；使人满意之事10. cultivation [ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn]n.教养；栽培；耕作；（关系的）培植11. timber ['tɪmbə(r)]n.木材，木料；（用于建筑或制作物品的）树木；用材林，林场；素质vt.用木料支撑；备以木材12. botany [ˈbɔtəni]n. 植物学;精纺毛纱;细羊毛;13. apply [ə'plaɪ]vt. 应用，运用;申请;涂;敷（药）;vi. 申请，请求，适用;适用，适合;专心致志;14. distribution [ˌdɪstrɪ'bju:ʃn] n. 分配，分布;[法]（无遗嘱死亡者的）财产分配;[无线]频率分布;[电]配电;15. structure [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)]n. 结构;构造;建筑物;体系;vt. 构成，排列;安排;16. classification [ˌklæsɪfɪ'keɪʃn] n. 分类;分级;类别;（动植物等的）分类学;17. impact ['ɪmpækt]n. 碰撞，冲击，撞击;影响;冲击力;vt. 挤入，压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; vi. 冲撞，冲击;产生影响;18. visual ['vɪʒʊəl]adj. 视觉的，看得见的;光学的，视力的;形象化的;光学的;n. 画面，图象;19. ornametal本地词典无数据20. olericulture [ˈɔləriˌkʌltʃə]n. 蔬菜栽培，蔬菜园艺;21. pomology [pəʊ'mɒlədʒɪ]n. 果树栽培（学）;22. floriculture ['flɔ:rɪkʌltʃə]n. 花艺，栽培花卉;23. landscape ['lændskeɪp]n. 风景;风景画;乡村风景画;地形;vt. 对…做景观美化，给…做园林美化;从事庭园设计;vi. 美化（环境等），使景色宜人;做庭园设计师;24. interiorscaping本地词典无数据25. foliage [ˈfəʊliɪdʒ]n. 植物的叶子（总称），叶子及梗和枝;树叶;26. floral ['flɔ:rəl]adj. 花的，花似的;以花装饰的;植物的，植物群的;花神的;27. potted ['pɒtɪd]adj. 盆栽的，瓶或罐装的，浓缩的;封闭式; 28. bedding [ˈbedɪŋ]n. 寝具;基底，基坑;adj. 适于花坛种植的;v. “bed“的现在分词;29. appeal [ə'pi:l]n. 上诉;[体育]诉请;呼吁;（迫切的）要求（帮助、同情等）恳求;vi. （迫切）要求;有吸引力;求助（于）;提请注意;vt. 将…移交上级法院审理;30. appealing [əˈpi:lɪŋ]adj. 吸引人的，令人心动的;恳求的; v. （迫切）要求(appeal的现在分词);将…上诉;31. nursery ['nɜ:sərɪ]n. 婴儿室，幼儿园;苗圃;临时托儿所;温床，滋生地;32. lawn [lɔ:n]n. 草地，草坪;上等细麻布;33. turf [tɜ:f]n. 草皮;泥炭;<非正>地盘，势力范围;赛马场，跑马场;vt. 用草皮覆盖;<英><口>抛出;扔掉;赶走;34. maintenance ['meɪntənəns]n. 维持，保持;保养，保管;维护;维修;35. evolve [ɪ'vɒlv]vt. 使发展;使进化;设计，制订出;发出，散发;vi. 发展;[生]通过进化进程发展或发生;36. manure [məˈnʊə, -ˈnjʊə]n. 肥料，粪便;vt. 施肥;37. legume [ˈlegju:m]n. 豆科植物，豆类蔬菜;38. weed [wi:d]n. 杂草;大麻;废物;烟草;vt. 给…除杂草;除（草）;消除;vi. 除草;39. storage [ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ]n. 贮存;贮藏;储藏处，仓库;贮存器，蓄电（瓶）;40. botanist [ˈbɒtənɪst]n. 植物学家，研究植物的人;41. herbalist [ˈɜ:bəlɪst, ˈhɜ:-]n. 种草药的人，草药商，草药医生;42. cofounder [kəʊ'faʊndə]n. 共同创办人，共同创始人;43. nomenclature [nəˈmenklətʃə(r)] n. 系统命名法;命名（过程）;（某一学科的）术语;专门名称;44. taxonomy [tæk'sɒnəmɪ]n. （生物）分类学，分类系统;45. associate [əˈsəuʃiit]vt. （使）发生联系;（使）联合;结交;联想;vi. 联盟;陪伴同事;n. 合伙人;伴侣，同志;非正式会员; adj. 联合的;合伙的;非正式的;（性质上）有密切联系的;46. deadline ['dedlaɪn]n. 最后期限;截止期限;死线;原稿截止时间;vt. 通过设定一时间期限来统治;47. personnel [ˌpɜ:səˈnel]n. 全体员工;（与复数动词连用）人员，员工;人事部门; 48. get along [ɡet əˈlɔŋ]相处;进展;前进;离去;49. dedication [ˌdedɪ'keɪʃn]n. 奉献;献身精神;教堂的)献堂礼;（书等作品上的）题词;50. adaptation [ˌædæp'teɪʃn]n. 适应，顺应;改编，改编本;适应性的改变;同化;51. annual [ˈænjuəl]adj. 每年的;一年的;[植物]一年生的; n. 年刊;一年生植物;52. petunia [pəˈtju:niə]n. 矮牵牛（花）;53. biennial [baɪˈeniəl]adj. （事件）两年一次的;n. 两年生植物;54. perennial [pəˈreniəl]adj. 终年的，长久的;多年生的;不断生长的;四季不断的;n. 多年生植物;长期存在的;55. beet [bi:t]n. 甜菜;甜菜根;糖萝卜;56. poinsettia [ˌpɔɪnˈsetiə]n. 猩猩木;一品红;57. shrub [ʃrʌb]n. 灌木;灌木丛;果汁甜酒;冰果汁水;58. vegetation [ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn]n. 植物（总称），草木;[医]赘生物，增殖体;无所作为的生活，单调的生活;[植]营养体生长，发育;59. persist [pə'sɪst]v. 坚持;固执;存留;继续存在;60. daylily ['deilili]黄花菜;61. hosta [ˈhɔstə]n. 玉簪属植物;62. vine [vaɪn]n. 藤;藤本植物;葡萄树;vi. 形成藤蔓;63. trailing ['treɪlɪŋ]n. 泥浆彩饰;adj. 拖尾的;曳尾的;被拖动的;蔓延的; v. （使某物）被拖在后面( trail的现在分词 );跟踪，追踪;（在比赛等中）输;（尤指跟在他人后面）疲惫地走;64. clematis [ˈklemətis]n. 铁线莲，女萎;[植]女萎属;65. deciduous [dɪˈsɪdʒuəs]adj. （指树木）每年落叶的;66. evergreen ['evəɡri:n]n. 常绿植物，常绿树;常绿树枝;adj. [植] 常绿的;永葆青春的;67. pitch [pɪtʃ]n. 球场;程度;沥青;树脂;倾斜;vt. 用沥青涂;扔，投;树起，搭起;定位于; vi. 抛，扔;[棒球]当投手;搭帐篷;向前跌或冲;68. parenchyma [pə'reŋkɪmə]n. 实质，软组织;主质;69. exodermis [eksəʊ'dɜ:mɪs]n. （根的）外皮层;下皮;70. endodermis [ˌendəuˈdə:mis]n. 内皮;71. pericycle ['perəsaɪkl]n. 中柱鞘; 72. fibril ['faɪbrɪl]n. 小纤维;纤丝;原纤维;根毛;73. root hair [ru:t hɛə]n. 根毛;74. solitary ['sɒlətrɪ]adj. 独自的，独立的;单个的;唯一的;隐居的;n. 独居者，隐士;单独禁闭;75. corymb [ˈkɔrimb]n. 伞状花序;76. chestnut ['tʃesnʌt]n. 栗子;栗色;栗树;栗色马;adj. 栗色的;77. oak [əʊk]n. 栎树;橡木色;栎木，橡木;橡木家具; adj. 栎树的;栎木制的;78. flourish ['flʌrɪʃ]vi. 挥舞;茂盛，繁荣;活跃，蓬勃;vt. 挥动，挥舞;n. 挥舞，挥动;花样，华丽的辞藻;夸张的行为或手势;花式吹奏;79. viability [ˌvaɪə'bɪlətɪ]n. 生存能力，发育能力;生活力;80. hardiness ['hɑ:dɪnəs]n. 耐久力，顽强;81. preferable [ˈprefrəbl]adj. 更好的，更可取的;略胜一筹的;82. grape [ɡreɪp]n. 葡萄;深紫色，葡萄紫;83. wisteria [wɪˈstɪəriə]n. 柴藤;84. edible [ˈedəbl]adj. 可以吃的，可食用的;n. 食物;85. aquatic [əˈkwætɪk]adj. 水生的;水产的;水上的;水中（进行）的;n. 水生动植物;水上运动;86. xerophyte ['zɪərəfaɪt]n. 旱生植物;87. soil condition本地词典无数据88. halophyte ['hæləfaɪt]n. 盐土植物;89. acidophyte本地词典无数据90. metalloid [ˈmetlɔɪd]n. 非金属;类似金属;adj. 非金属性的;类似金属性的;91. jojoba [həˈhəʊbə, həʊ-]n. 加州希蒙得木;92. taxa ['tæksə]n. 分类(taxon的复数);分类( taxon的名词复数 );93. division [dɪ'vɪʒn]n. 分开，分隔;[数]除法;部门;[军]师;94. class [klɑ:s]n. 班;等级;阶级;种类;vt. 把…归入某等级，把…看作（或分类、归类）;把…编入某一班级;adj. 很好的，优秀的，出色的;vi. 属于…类（或等级），被列为某类（或某级）;95. order ['ɔ:də(r)] n. 命令;秩序;规则，制度;次序;vt. 命令;订购;整理;vi. 下订单;96. family ['fæməlɪ]n. 家;家族;（大）家庭（包括父母子女及近亲）;语族;adj. 家庭的;一家所有的;属于家庭的;适合全家人的;97. genus [ˈdʒi:nəs]n. （动植物的）属;类;种;型;98. species ['spi:ʃi:z]n. 物种;种类;类型;[逻辑] 个体;99. interbreed [ˌɪntə'bri:d]v. （使）异种交配，（使）混种，（使）杂种繁殖;100. progeny ['prɒdʒənɪ]n. 子孙;后裔;结果;结局;101. organ ['ɔ:ɡən]n. 机构;器官;风琴;元件;102. ovary ['əʊvərɪ]n. [解]卵巢;[植]子房;103. snack [snæk]n. 快餐，点心;加餐;vi. 吃快餐;104. poultry [ˈpəʊltri]n. 〈集合词〉家禽;105. accompaniment [əˈkʌmpənimənt] n. 伴奏;伴随物;106. fructose [ˈfrʌktəʊs]n. 果糖;107. location [ləʊˈkeɪʃn]n. 位置，场所;定位;外景（拍摄地）;108. tropical [ˈtrɒpɪkl]adj. 热带的;炎热的;热情的;109. berries ['berɪz]n. 浆果( berry的名词复数 );（葡萄，番茄等）浆果;干果仁;干种子;110. plum [plʌm]n. 李子，李树;李属植物;葡萄干;紫红色; adj. 紫红色的;称心如意的（工作或职位）;111. drupe [dru:p]n. 核果;112. perishable [ˈperɪʃəbl]adj. 易腐烂的;易腐败的;易毁灭的;易消亡的;n. 容易腐坏的东西（尤指食品）;113. tender ['tendə(r)]adj. 纤弱的;嫩的;温柔的;疼痛的;n. （正式）提出;投标;供应船，联络船;照看者;vt. 正式提出;使变脆弱;<古>温柔地对待;114. fragile ['frædʒaɪl]adj. 易碎的，脆的;虚弱的;115. handle ['hændl]n. （织物、毛皮等的）手感;手柄;举动;柄状物;vi. 操作，操控;容易搬运;vt. 用双手触摸、举起或握住;用手操作，操纵;处理或负责，管理;〈美〉买卖，经营;116. cantaloup ['kæntəlu:p]n. 罗马甜瓜，香瓜，哈密瓜;117. crensha w ['kæntəlu:p][人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 克伦肖Crankshaw的变体;[地名] [美国] 克伦肖;118. honeydew ['hʌnɪdjʊ]n. 甘汁，蜜露;119. squash [skwɒʃ]vt. 挤进;将（某人[某物]）压扁;使沉默;平定（叛乱等）;vi. 挤入;受挤压;发出挤压声;n. （软式）墙网球;南瓜小果（主要种类为笋瓜 winter squash 和西葫芦 summer squash）;果汁汽水;拥挤的人群;120. citrus [ˈsitrəs]n. [植]柑橘属果树;柠檬，柑橘;121. grapefruit [ˈgreɪpfru:t]n. 葡萄柚，西柚;葡萄柚树;122. lime [laɪm]n. 酸橙;石灰;绿黄色;椴树;vt. 撒石灰于;涂粘鸟胶于;123. tangerine [ˈtændʒəˈri:n]n. 柑橘，橘红色;橘黄色;蜜柑;蜜橘;124. fig [fɪɡ]n. 无花果;无花果树;125. date [deɪt]n. 日期，日子;约会;时代，年代;（北非和西亚常见的海枣树的）海枣;vt. 过时;使…显老;显示出…时代（或年龄）;鉴定…的年代;vt.& vi. 与人约会，相约;vi. 属于某一特定时期;从某时起计算日期;记载日期;注有（或注明）日期;126. papaya [pəˈpaɪə]n. 番木瓜树，番木瓜果;127. pomegranate [ˈpɒmɪgrænɪt]n. 石榴;石榴树;128. passion fruit [ˈpæʃən fru:t] n. 西番莲果;129. broccoli ['brɒkəlɪ]n. 花椰菜;西兰花;130. cauliflower [ˈkɒliflaʊə(r)] n. [植]花椰菜;菜花;131. artichoke [ˈɑ:titʃəuk]n. 朝鲜蓟;洋蓟;洋百合;法国百合;132. avocado [ˌævə'kɑ:dəʊ]n. <植>鳄梨，鳄梨树;暗黄绿色;adj. 暗黄绿色的;133. cucumber [ˈkju:kʌmbə(r)]n. 黄瓜，胡瓜;134. pepper ['pepə(r)]n. 胡椒;辣椒;胡椒粉;vt. 在…上撒胡椒粉;使布满;135. lettuce [ˈletɪs]n. 莴苣，生菜;<俚>纸币;136. spinach [ˈspɪnɪtʃ]n. 菠菜;<俚>胡说八道;137. swiss chard [swɪs tʃɑ:d]叶甜菜，唐莴苣（甜菜之一）;138. pod [pɒd]n. 荚，豆荚;（飞机的）吊舱;（航天器或船只上可与船只主体分离的）分离舱; vi. 结豆荚;vt. 把（豆等）剥出荚;去荚;139. radish [ˈrædɪʃ]n. （做色拉用的）小萝卜;140. tuber ['tju:bə(r)]n. （植物的）块茎;结节; 141. rhizome [ˈraɪzəʊm]n. 根茎，根状茎;142. stolon ['stəʊlɒn]n. 匍匐枝;长匐茎;143. bulb [bʌlb]n. 球茎，块茎植物;电灯泡;[解剖学]肿块;144. onion ['ʌnjən]n. 洋葱（头）;（食物）洋葱，葱头;145. garlic ['ɡɑ:lɪk]n. 大蒜;蒜头;146. celery ['selərɪ]n. 芹菜;香芹粉;芹菜籽;147. fibrous ['faɪbrəs]adj. 含纤维的，纤维性的;148. preventative [prɪ'ventətɪv] adj. 预防性的;149. potassium [pəˈtæsiəm]n. <化>钾;150. folate ['fəʊleɪt]n. 叶酸;151. antioxidant [ˌæntɪ'ɒksɪdənt] n. 抗氧化剂，硬化防止剂;152. flavonoid [ˈfleɪvənɔɪd]n. 类黄酮;153. phytochemical [faɪtəʊ'kemɪkəl] adj. 植物化学的;154. saturated fat [ˈsætʃəreitid fæt]（来自肉类和乳类的）饱和脂肪;155. trans fat [ˈsætʃəreitid fæt]n. 反式脂肪酸;156. 不饱和脂肪本地词典无数据157. cholesterol [kəˈlestərɒl]n. 胆固醇;158. lycopene ['laɪkəpi:n]n. 番茄红素;159. cranberries [ˈkrænbəriz]n. <植>越橘( cranberry的名词复数 );160. cabbage [ˈkæbɪdʒ]n. 甘蓝（洋白菜、卷心菜）;<非正式、侮辱>植物人，常用于英式英语;<俚>钱，尤指纸币，常用于美式俚语;<俚>脑袋;161. orientation [ˌɔ:riənˈteɪʃn]n. 方向，定位，取向，排列方向;任职培训;（外交等的）方针[态度]的确定;环境判定;162. principle [ˈprɪnsəpl]n. 原则，原理;准则，道义;道德标准;本能;163. ratio ['reɪʃɪəʊ]n. 比，比率;比例;系数;vt. 求出比值，除，使…成比例;将（相片）按比例放大[缩小];164. kidney bean [ˈkidni bi:n]n. 菜豆，四季豆，云豆;165. beta carotene [ˈbi:təˈkærəti:n] [医]β-胡萝卜素：紫外线屏蔽剂，C 40H 56;166. bioflavonoid [baɪɒ'flevəˌnɔɪd] n. 生物类黄酮，维生素P; 167. allicin ['ɔ:laɪsɪn]n. 蒜素;168. indole ['ɪndəʊl]n. 吲哚;169. chive [tʃaɪv]n. 细洋葱;170. scallion [ˈskæliən]n. 青葱;冬葱;大葱;韭菜;171. leek [li:k]n. 韭葱;172. inhibit [ɪn'hɪbɪt]v. 抑制;禁止;173. lutein ['lu:tɪɪn]n. 叶黄素，黄体制剂;174. zeaxanthin [zɪə'zænθɪn]n. 玉米黄质;175. kiwi ['ki:wi:]n. [动]鹬鸵，几维鸟，新西兰特产，喙长，无翼，不能飞（也是新西兰的国鸟及象征）;[植]猕猴桃，奇异果;新西兰人;[植]猕猴桃藤，奇异果藤;adj. 〈非正式〉与新西兰或新西兰人有关的;176. anthocyanin [ˌænθə'saɪənɪn] n. 花青素，花色醣苔;177. phenolic [fɪ'nɒlɪk]adj. 酚的，石碳酸的;178. procedure [prəˈsi:dʒə(r)]n. 程序，手续;工序，过程，步骤;诉讼程序，（议会的）议事程序;〈罕〉进行;179. properly [ˈprɔpəlɪ]adv. 适当地;恰当地;正确地;完全，非常;180. store [stɔ:(r)]n. 商店;贮存物;仓库;大量;v. 贮存;（在计算机里）存储;181. unpeel [ˈʌnˈpi:l]v. 削…的皮;182. emit [ɪ'mɪt]vt. 发出;发射;颁布;发表;183. ethylene [ˈeθɪli:n]n. 乙烯;乙撑;184. refrigerator [rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə(r)] n. 冰箱;冷藏库;制冰机，冷冻机;185. rhizosphere ['raɪzəˌsfɪr]n. 根围（指围绕植物根系在土壤中的一个区域）;186. derive [dɪ'raɪv]vt.& vi. 得到，导出;源于，来自;（从…中）提取;187. appear [ə'pɪə(r)]vi. 出现，显现;出庭，出场;演出;发表;188. anchor ['æŋkə(r)]n. 锚;锚状物;靠山;压阵队员;vt. 抛锚，抛锚泊船;使固定，使稳固;使稳定;在…任节目主持人;vi. 抛锚，停泊;固定;[体]任主要运动员;主持节目;adj. 最后一棒的，末捧的;189. dicot ['daɪkɒt]n. 双子叶植物;190. monocot ['mɒnəkɒt]n. 单子叶植物;191. parallel ['pærəlel]adj. 平行的;相同的，类似的;[电]并联的;[计]并行的;adv. 平行地，并列地;n. 平行线（面）;相似物;类比;纬线; vt. 使平行;与…媲美;与…相比;与…相似;192. coarse [kɔ:s]adj. 粗鄙的;粗糙的;粗野的;粗制滥造的;193. taproot [ˈtæpru:t]n. （植物的）主根，直根;194. adventitious root本地词典无数据195. aerial root [ˈɛəriəl ru:t]气生根;196. aerating [eə'reɪtɪŋ]v. 使暴露于空气中，使充满气体( aerate 的现在分词 );197. mangrove ['mæŋɡrəʊv]n. 红树属树木，海榄雌;198. sepal [ˈsepl]n. 萼片;199. petals [petlz]n. 花瓣( petal的名词复数 );200. stamen [ˈsteɪmən]n.雄蕊201. filament [ˈfɪləmənt]n.[印，纺]长丝，单纤维；[电]灯丝，丝极，游丝；细丝，丝状体；[植]（雄蕊的）花丝202. anther [ˈænθə(r)]n.花药203. stigma ['stɪɡmə]n.耻辱，污名；烙印；（病的）特征；[植] 柱头204. style [staɪl]n.方式；样式；时髦；仪表，品位vt.设计；称呼；为…造型vi.使符合流行式样；用刻刀作装饰画205. perianth ['perɪænθ]n.花被；蒴苞206. corolla [kə'rɒlə]n.花冠207. calyx ['keɪlɪks]n.花萼；盏；盂；杯状部（或腔）208. ovule [ˈɒvju:l]n.胚珠，卵子；原卵209. self pollination [self pɔlɪˈneɪʃn]自花传粉，自花受精210. cross pollination [krɔs pɔlɪˈne ɪʃn]异花授粉211. hybrid ['haɪbrɪd]n.杂种；杂交生成的生物体；混合物；混合词adj.混合的；杂种的212. fertilization [ˌfɜ:təlaɪ'zeɪʃn] n.施肥；受精，受精过程，受精行为[现象]；受孕；受胎213. double fertilization [ˈdʌbl ˌf ə:tilaiˈzeiʃən]双受精作用214. embryo [ˈembriəʊ]n.生胚，胚胎；胚芽；初期215. fleshy fruit [ˈfleʃi fru:t]肉质果216. dry fruit [drai fru:t]干果217. seed coat [si:d kəut]种皮218. endosperm [ˈendəuspə:m]n.胚乳219. dormant state [ˈdɔ:mənt steit] 休止状态220. emerge [ɪ'mɜ:dʒ]vi.出现，浮现；暴露；摆脱221. regional climate [ˈri:dʒənəl ˈklaimit]区域性气候222. microclimate [ˈmaɪkrəʊklaɪmət] n.小气候（指森林、城市、洞穴等局部地区的气候）223. humidity [hju:ˈmɪdəti]n.（空气中的）湿度；潮湿，高温潮湿；湿热；[物]湿度224. elevation [ˌelɪ'veɪʃn]n.高处，高地，高度，海拔，（枪炮的）仰角，射角；升级，上进，向上；高尚；[建]正视图，立视图225. moisture ['mɔɪstʃə(r)]n.水分；湿气；潮湿；降雨量226. moisture stress [ˈmɔistʃə stres] 水应力227. vernalization [ˌvɜ:nəlɪˈzeɪʃən] n. 开花结实促进法，种子促熟法;春化228. induce [inˈdju:s]vt. 引诱;引起;[电]感应;归纳229. thermoperiodism [ˌθə:məuˈpiəri ədizəm]n. （尤指植物的）温周期现象;温变周期性;温期现象230. stratification [ˌstrætəfɪˈkeɪʃən]n. 层理;成层;层化;分层231. temperature stress [ˈtempəritʃəstres]温度应力232. sunscald ['sʌnskɔ:ld]n.晒伤，日灼病；日烧伤233. intensity [ɪn'tensətɪ]n.强烈；（感情的）强烈程度；强度；烈度234. quality ['kwɒlətɪ]n.质量，品质；美质，优点；才能，能力，技能，素养；品种adj.优质的，高质量的；上流社会的235. daylength ['deɪleŋθ]昼长236. germination [ˌdʒɜ:mɪ'neɪʃn]n.萌芽，发生；萌发；生芽；催芽237. dormancy ['dɔ:mənsɪ]n.睡眠，冬眠，隐匿238. pigment ['pɪɡmənt]n.颜料，色料；[生]色素vt.给…着色vi.呈现颜色239. molecule [ˈmɒlɪkju:l]n.分子；微小颗粒240. phytochrome ['faɪtəʊkrəʊm]n.（植物的）光敏色素241. photoperiodism [fəʊtəʊ'pɪərɪədɪzm]n.暴露于阳光而产生的反应242. insect [ˈɪnsekt]n.虫，昆虫；卑鄙的人；微贱的人，小人adj.昆虫的；卑劣的243. microorganism [ˌmaɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪz əm]n.微生物244. growing medium生长基质；生长介质245. vermiculite [vɜ:'mɪkjʊˌlaɪt] n.蛭石246. perlite ['pɜ:laɪt]n.珍珠岩247. peat moss [pi:t mɔs]n.泥煤苔（泥煤的主成分）248. sphagnum [ˈsfægnəm]n.泥炭藓块（用于包装等）249. leaf mold [li:f məuld]n. 腐叶土壤，叶霉病，（导致叶霉病的）霉菌250. hydroponic [ˌhaɪdrə'pɒnɪk] adj.溶液培养的251. leach [li:tʃ]vi.术（将化学品、矿物质等）过滤vt.（液体）过滤，滤去n.过滤；过滤器252. volatilization [ˌvɒlətɪlaɪ'zeɪʃən]n.挥发，发散253. denitrification [di:ˌnaɪtrɪfɪ'ke ɪʃn]n.反硝化作用，脱硝作用，脱氮作用254. photosynthesis [ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəs ɪs]n.光合作用，光能合成255. fertigation [fɜ:tɪ'ɡeɪʃən]n.滴灌施肥256. clay [kleɪ]n.黏土，泥土；（相对于灵魂而言的）人体，肉体；似黏土的东西；克莱（男子名，Clayton 的昵称）vt.用黏土处理[人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 克莱地貌名称，或职业名称，黏土坑工人，来源于古英语，含义是“黏土”(clay)；[男子名] 克莱Clayton的昵称；[地名] [美国] 克莱257. profile ['prəʊfaɪl]n.侧面，半面；外形，轮廓；[航]翼型；人物简介vt.描…的轮廓；给…画侧面图；为（某人）写传略；[机]铣出…的轮廓258. propagation [ˌprɒpə'ɡeɪʃn]n.传播，传输，蔓延，扩展，波及深度；〔生〕繁殖法，〔地〕传导；宣传；培养259. sexual propagation [ˈseksjuəl ˌprɔpəˈgeɪʃən]有性繁殖260. asexual propagation [eiˈseksjuəl ˌprɔpəˈgeɪʃən]无性繁殖[生殖]261. sprout [spraʊt]vi.发芽；抽芽vt.使发芽；使生长n.幼芽，新梢；[植]球芽甘蓝；幼苗状物，年轻人；美俚〉后代262. stem cutting [stem ˈkʌtɪŋ]枝插263. cutting ['kʌtɪŋ]adj.锋利的，锐利的；刺骨的，像刀割似的；讽刺的，挖苦的n.切割；剪报，剪辑；[园]插枝；开凿v.切开(cut的现在分词)；削减；采伐264. layering [ˈleiəriŋ]n. 压条法;成层;分层265. tissue culture [ˈtisju: ˈkʌltʃə] n.组织培养，体素培养266. grafting ['grɑ:ftɪŋ]n.嫁接法，移植法v.农移植( graft的现在分词 )；嫁接；使（思想、制度等）成为（…的一部份）；植根267. hormone ['hɔ:məʊn]n.荷尔蒙；激素268. dipping [ˈdipiŋ]n. 浸渍，蘸;adj. （可）调好近光的;v. 浸( dip的现在分词 );（把烛芯浸在融蜡里）制造（蜡烛）;把（汽车前灯）的远光调为近光;洗药水浴269. fungicide [ˈfʌndʒisaid]n. 杀真菌剂270. herbaceous [hɜ:ˈbeɪʃəs]adj.草本的；叶状的271. bulbs [bʌlbz]n.球茎( bulb的名词复数 )；电灯泡；（植物）鳞茎272. corm [kɔ:m]n.球茎，球根273. sucker ['sʌkə(r)]n.[动]吸盘；吸管；乳儿，吮吸者；[鱼]（有吸盘的）胭脂鱼类vt.从…除去吸根；[植]生出徒长枝vi.成为吸根；长出根出条274. graft [ɡrɑ:ft]n. 移植;嫁接;渎职;贪污，受贿;vt. 移植;嫁接，接枝;贪污;用嫁接法种植;vi. 移植;贪污;受贿;嫁接;275. budding ['bʌdɪŋ]adj. 正发芽的;开始发育的;初露头角的;新获得成功的;n. 发芽，含苞;[植]芽接（法），（出）芽（繁）殖;v. “bud”的现在分词;276. genetically [dʒə'netɪklɪ]adv.创始；遗传学；生殖；基因277. gmo [ˌdʒi:em'əʊ]n.[医][=garamycin ointment]庆大霉素油膏278. genetically modified organism [d ʒe'netikəli ˈmɔdifaid ˈɔ:ɡənizəm]转基因组织279. algal bloom [ˈælɡəl blu:m]藻花；水华280. chemical pest control [ˈkemikəl pest kənˈtrəul][化] 化学防治（病虫害）281. resistance [rɪ'zɪstəns]n.抵抗；阻力；抗力；电阻282. chain [tʃeɪn] n.链子，链条；连锁，连续；拘束；连锁店或旅馆系列的事物vt.用铁链锁住；监禁，束缚283. interfere [ˌɪntə'fɪə(r)]vi.干预，干涉；调停，排解；妨碍，打扰284. calcium ['kælsɪəm]n.化钙285. metabolism [məˈtæbəlɪzəm]n.新陈代谢；代谢作用286. incubation [ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn]n.孵卵；孵化；医，生（传染病的）潜伏期；生（细菌等的）繁殖287. pharmaceutical [ˌfɑ:mə'su:tɪkl] adj.制药的，配药的n.药物288. beverage [ˈbevərɪdʒ]n.饮料289. bacteria [bækˈtiəriə]n. 细菌(bacterium的名词复数)290. diagnostics [ˌdaɪəg'nɒstɪks] n.诊断学291. research [rɪ'sɜ:tʃ]n.研究，追究；探讨，探测；调查；探索vi.做研究；探究；（从市场调研中）得出所预测的结果vt.从事…的研究，为…而做研究292. sweetness [ˈswi:tnəs]n.甜蜜；美妙；芳香；可爱293. vaccine ['væksi:n]n.疫苗，痘苗adj.痘苗的，疫苗的294. scion [ˈsaɪən]n. 接穗，幼枝;（尤指富家）子孙;295. cleft [kleft]n. 裂缝;裂口;cleave的过去式和过去分词;进退维谷;v. 劈开，剁开，割开( cleave的过去式和过去分词 );296. rootstock [ru:ts'tɒk]n. 根茎;初生主根;根砧木;根源;297. chisel ['tʃɪzl]n. 凿子，錾子;<俚>诈骗;vt.& vi. 凿，雕;錾，镌;欺骗;钻进;298. affinity [ə'fɪnətɪ]n. 密切关系，姻亲关系;（男女之间的）吸引力，吸引人的异性;类同;类似，近似;299. mallet ['mælɪt]n. 木槌;长柄球棍;大锤;300. saw [sɔ:]n. 锯;谚语，格言;vt.& vi. 往复移动;锯成;用锯;拉锯; v. 看见( see的过去式);观看;领会;考虑;301. cuticle [ˈkju:tɪkl]n. （手指甲或脚趾甲根部的）外皮;302. epidermis [ˌepɪˈdɜ:mɪs]n. 表皮;303. alburnum [ælˈbə:nəm]n. 边材;液材;304. ligature ['lɪɡətʃə(r)]n. 带子;绷带;<音>集结音符;<印>连体字母;305. intimate ['ɪntɪmət]adj. 亲密的，亲近的;私人的，个人的;内部的;直接的; n. 至交;密友;v. 暗示，提示;宣布，通知;306. cambium ['kæmbɪəm]n. 形成层，新生组织;307. stub [stʌb]n. 树桩;铅笔头，烟蒂;票根，存根;vt. 使（脚趾）碰到某物;捻灭（香烟，雪茄等）;连根拔出;308. mouldy [ˈməʊldi]adj. 发霉的;破旧的;309. intervention [ˌɪntə'venʃn]n. 介入，干涉，干预;调解，排解;310. severance ['sevərəns]n. 切断;断绝;割断;离职金;311. thorn [θɔ:n]n. 刺;棘刺，荆棘;带刺的植物;刺痛;312. dwarf [dwɔ:f]n. 侏儒，矮子;矮小的动物（植物）;[天]矮星;vt. （使）显得矮小;使（发育，智能等）受阻碍;使相形见绌;vi. 变矮小;adj. 矮小的;313. undesirable [ˌʌndɪˈzaɪərəbl] adj. 不受欢迎的，讨厌的;不合需要的;不方便的;不良的;n. 不受欢迎的人;不良分子;。