浅谈奥巴马政府的“巧实力”外交

延边大学浅谈奥巴马政府的“巧实力”外交

摘要

“巧实力”概念是由国际关系新自由主义理论奠基人约瑟夫·奈提出的。他主张将“硬实力”与“软实力”结合起来以形成“巧实力”来为美国的全球利益服务。奥巴马上台后，对布什政府的外交政策进行了大幅度的调整。其优先处理的外交问题可以概括为“一个中心，两场战争，三个重点”，即：力争尽快从伊拉克和阿富汗战争泥潭脱身；重点解决巴以冲突、朝核和伊朗核问题。为此已采取的重大举措包括如下五个方面：强化既有同盟、稳定中美关系、缓和美俄关系、向伊朗伸出“橄榄枝”、调整反恐重点区域。奥巴马政府“巧实力”外交初露端倪。

奥巴马“巧实力”外交政策的表现为以下几个方面：运用“巧实力”（Smart Power），恢复美国国际声誉；奥巴马政府将重视国际合作；奥巴马政府将与美国的敌人进行对话；推出外交新议程，从全球议题入手，重塑美国负责任的全球领导形象；禁止虐囚，关闭关塔那摩监狱；加紧清理伊拉克遗产，调整反恐战争重心。

奥巴马政府的“巧实力”外交在变革上的限度为：奥巴马政府主张在某种程度上无法超越小布什外交路线；奥巴马外交变革面临着国内阻碍；奥巴马外交政策难以摆脱美国霸权的内在逻辑束缚。

本文在最后还探讨了奥巴马的“巧实力”外交在对华政策上走向。

关键词：奥巴马政府外交；“巧实力”外交；外交政策走向

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Abstract

"One strength" is the concept of neo-liberal theory of international relations, the founder of Joseph Nye. He advocated the "hard power" and "soft power" to combine to form a "one strength" to U.S. global interests. Nye said he was "one strength" of the understanding of Obama has been the introduction of the Government's foreign policy, has become an important guiding principle. Obama came into office, will the Bush administration a significant foreign policy adjustments. U.S. foreign policy with Obama and the Democratic Party of personal characteristics, the concept will be embodied. Obama recently announced its foreign policy strategy, Obama put forward a foreign policy strategy for 5:00: responsibly end the war in Iraq to put an end to the "base" and the fight against the Taliban, to achieve real energy security, the reconstruction of the United States alliance to meet the challenges of the 21st century and to ensure that terrorists and "rogue states" will not be any nuclear weapons and nuclear original. And "One strength of" diplomacy is the Obama administration's foreign policy a major highlight. From the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, the war dragged to a terrorist organization and extremist forces, the threat of weapons of mass destruction proliferation; from the energy crisis, climate change to the spread of infectious diseases; from the financial tsunami to global poverty ... ... Obama and his government is clearly aware that, in the face of these challenges, the United States has been unable to cope with their own independent power. In this situation, "one strength" has become the most respected American foreign new ideas.

Key word：Obama administration's foreign；"One strength of" diplomatic；Foreign policy towards

目录

引言 (1)

第一章“巧实力”及“巧实力”外交的内涵

1.1 “巧实力”的概念 (2)

1.2 “巧实力”外交的内涵 (2)

1.3 奥巴马政府“巧实力”外交初露端倪 (3)

1.3.1 强化既有同盟 (3)

1.3.2 稳定中美关系 (3)

1.3.3 缓和美俄关系 (4)

1.3.4向伊朗伸出“橄榄枝” (4)

1.3.5 调整反恐重点区域 (4)

第二章奥巴马“巧实力”外交政策的表现

2.1运用“巧实力”（Smart Power），恢复美国国际声誉 (5)

2.1．1奥巴马政府将重视国际合作 (5)

2.1．2奥巴马政府将与美国的敌人进行对话 (5)

2.1．3禁止虐囚，关闭关塔那摩监狱 (5)

2.2加紧清理伊拉克遗产，调整反恐战争重心 (5)

2.3推出外交新议程，从全球议题入手，重塑美国负责任的全球领导形象(6) 第三章奥巴马政府的“巧实力”外交在变革上的限度

3.1奥巴马政府主张与小布什外交路线并无二致 (8)

3.2 奥巴马外交变革面临的国内阻碍 (9)

3.3奥巴马外交政策难以摆脱美国霸权的内在逻辑束缚 (9)

第四章奥巴马“巧实力”外交在对华政策上的预测

4.1 奥巴马的“巧实力”外交在对华政策上有望保持延续性 (10)

注释 (11)

参考文献 (12)

谢辞 (13)