俄国革命英文版

STANDARDS FOR 21ST CENTURY LEARNERS: 1.1.2 USE PRIOR AND BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE AS CONTEXT FOR NEW LEARNING.
Why are we learning this? What are we learning? How do I know I have learned this?

Marx wrote that people were free to leave his or her low paying jobs but were forced to go to another horrid job. He pointed out that people, especially what he called the bourgeoisie, or middle class, could never own their own business.


Mongols were brutal nomadic attackers from Asia who influenced Russia with its autocracy, or one absolute monarch called a czar. The czar made laws, commanded armies, controlled the churches, factories, schools, railroads, universities and all of life was ruled by this one man.

Peasant discontent due to the war, food reparations, and political groups set the stage for the event in January 1905, which would later be called “Bloody Sunday”. Sunday, after church in January 1905 a group of protestors (many women and children) proceeded to the Winter Palace to demand from the Czar food and better working conditions.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION: A QUICK OVERVIEW
Mrs. Mills
THIS LESSON ADDRESSES STANDARDS:
CCSS 8.4: PRODUCE CLEAR AND COHERENT WRITING
IN WHICH THE DEVELOPMENT, ORGANIZATION, AND STYLE ARE APPROPRIATE TO TASK, PURPOSE, AND AUDIENCE.
Czar Nicholas II


Czar Nicholas married a woman who was not Russian, but German. Alexandra was viewed as overbearing and domineering. Czar Nicholas got Russia involved in a war with Japan in hopes that it would raise Russia‟s morale. He thought that if they won the war, people would be proud of Russia. Unfortunately, they lost.
What was the Russian Revolution?

The Russian Revolution occurred when Russia‟s political, economic and governmental system completely collapsed. Differences between upper class and peasants caused discontent and the country was soon involved in a bloody war in which dictators ignored human rights.
Karl Marx


Marx was a man, who by the time the Russian Revolution was getting underway, was dead. However, his ideas were the basis for what a new Russian government would look like. Marx, a “radical thinker” was exiled from Paris in 1844 for his ideas about what a government should be.


Let‟s focus on a political figure named Vladimir Lenin and how his support of Marxism helped shape a new government.



Back track a few years…In 1887, an assassination attempt was planned for Czar Alexander. The assassination plot was discovered and the “planners” were hung. Among these “planners” was a boy named Alexander Ulyanov.

Lenin eventually returned to Russia and continued to raise support for his ideas. He wrote for underground newspaper. An underground newspaper is one that is secretly printed and distributed.
Alexander Ulyanov‟s sister was banished to another village 40 miles away. Now, Alexander‟s grief stricken brother, Vladimir Lenin, decided that he would make the Czar pay for his brother‟s death and his sister‟s banishment.
How bad were the conditions??





Children were forced into labor in factories and beaten. Average salary was $2 a month for working 5 a.m. until 8 p.m., 70 hour weeks and in polluted factories. People would have to be on their hands and knees all day on cold cement or splintered wood. No freedom of speech People who spoke out were “crushed brutally” While Czar lived in lap of luxury, families starved.

Lenin then wrote a pamphlet and had it smuggled into Russia. It is claimed that 3 out of 5 workers in Russia read the pamphlet or had it read to them, teaching the workers the basic ideas behind Communism and how it would benefit Russia.



Czar Nicholas ordered that his army open fire on the peasants and thousands ended up dead on the front lawn of the Palace. Soon, the people of Russia lost all faith in the Czar and shut down shops, businesses and soldiers refused to follow orders. Everyone soon realized that a new government would have to take over.

“…the Russian revolution took place because the patience of the Russian people broke down under a system unparalleled in inefficiency and corruption. No other nation would have stood the privations which Russia stood for anything like the same length of time.” -British Consultant, Bruce Lockhard




Marx believed that private ownership of land must be abolished. He believed in a “communal” way of life where everyone shared in the prosperity. He said that the “workers of the world should unite” and take over the government. He wanted a government where all people were considered equal and that while the government owns everything, the people own the government.



Lenin lived for many years in Russia and became interested in Marx‟s ideas. Marx‟s book Das Kapital and another book, a novel, What is to be Done? inspired Lenin. He started working on revolutionary propaganda but was arrested and exiled to Siberia.
In the beginning…


Before Russia collapsed in 1917, the empire had been ruled by a single powerful family, the Romanovs for 300 years. 140 million people lived in Russia including many Armenians, Finns, Jews, Poles and Germans. Russia copied a group called the “Mongols.”