读音规则全

英语读音规则
一、英语语音名词解释
1．音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位。

一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（但[m] [n] [ŋ] [l]例外。

它们可以
短音s e v-en st u d-y m o th-er v e r-y m o d-le w ea th-er
3．重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节。

用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。

单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4．开音节
①相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e 构成的重读音节。

例如：n a m e cake th e s e eve b i k e write h o m e note ex-c u s e huge ②绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。

例如：he she we s e cret hi n o b a-by st u-dent why
●开音节读长音，即原因字母本身的音。

5．闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。

例如：bag egg fish not cup put
闭音节读短音：a/æ/e/e/i /I/o/ɒ/ u/ʌ/或/ʊ/
6．双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。

例如：a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in´ven-tor
7．多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如：´el-e-phant de´velopment dis´covery
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在它们之前的一个音节上重读。

例如：scien´tif ic im´pres sion ´na tion edu´cation
8.不符合规则的词
●every 从拼写形式上看有三个元字组，但从读音上看只有两个元音，故
这个词只有两个音节。

中间一个字母e不发音，该词的音节划分方式为eve-ry。

●celebrate(cel-e-brate)
音连缀有时要当作字组来对待，即具有不可分割性；有时又要考虑到词的来源或其他原因而不被当作字组来对待（ward-room、Feb-ru-ar-y)。

Catholic rhetoric
9.字母、字组和字群
元音字组由两个或三个元音字母组合而成，少数几个辅音字母（r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。

二、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a在开音节中[e I]n a me pl a ne J a ne b a by c a ke 在闭音节中[æ]bag dad hat map black back
e在开音节中[i:]he these me Chinese
在闭音节中[e]bed let pen desk yes egg
i在开音节中[a I]bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中[I]fish big drink sit milk swim o在开音节中[əʊ]those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中[ ɒ]clock not box shop sock
在开音节中[ju:]student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中[ʌ]bus cup jump much lunch
●特例：
1. v o gue r a nge p a ste pl a gue ch a nge str a nge t a ste w a ste a che w a ste op a que
这些单词中的th ng gu ch st qu都被看作一个整体，都被看作一个辅音字母，其中的元音字母按开音节规则发音。

2. m a ny[e] a ny[e]
E nglish[i] pr e tty[i]
pol i ceman[i:] mach i ne[i:] 以上这两个词源自法语，保留法语发音。

fat i gue[i:]
3.下面这两个词保留了古英语的发音 l i ve[i] g i ve[i]
4.t o[u:] d o[u:] m o vie [u:]
w o man[u] w o lf[u] r o ller[əʊ] c o lour [ʌ]
p u t[u] B u sh[u] c u shion[u]
w a ne[ei] w a ke[ei]是开音节词，w a g[æ]是闭音节词。

三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母读音例词
a[ ə ]Chin a a nother wom a n breakf a st
[ I ]or a nge comr a de vill a ge cabb a ge
e[ ə ]hundr e d stud e nt op e n week e nd
[ I ]chick e n pock e t b e gin childr e n
i[ə ] /[ I ]hol i day beaut i ful fam i ly an i mal
[a I ]exerc i se satell i te
o[ ə ]sec o nd t o night someb o dy welc o me
[əʊ]als o zer o phot o
u[ ə ]aut u mn diffc u lt
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：oper a te
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：J u ly infl u ence Febr u ary iss u e
元音字组读音例词
ar [α:]car farm dark sharpener
ar在[w]音后面[ɔ:]warm quarter towards
or [ɔ :]forty morning short
or在[w]音后面[ɜ:] word worker worse
er ir ur[ɜ:]certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节, 而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。

例如：carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音，
例如：doll ar teach er mart yr f or get Sat ur day
元音字组读音例词
are[eə]c are d are h are
ere[ə ]h ere m ere
ire[ a Iə]f ire h ire w ire
ore[ɔ:]m ore sc ore bef ore
ure[juə ]p ure c ure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[ə ]音，例如：pict ure pleas ure
重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。

例如：p ar e nt z er o st or y d ur i ng insp ir i ng
ear[Iə]h ear d ear n ear cl ear y ear
[εə ]b ear p ear w ear sw ear
[ɜ:]ear th l ear n ear ly
6-28 our[ :]c our se y our f our6-29
[au ]our h our our s6-30 [ :]j our ney6-31
ui
在j l r s后[ju:i]fl ui d s ui cide t ui tion6-32
[u:]j ui ce fr ui t s ui t6-33
6-07 ea的另外两种发音
S e´a ttle这个词中的ea并不是个字母组合，双写辅音字母强调其前面的单个
元音字母a是重读音节，而且是个闭音节。

[i ] id ea r ea lly [/] b ea utiful
6-16 ei ther[i:]美语发音 ei发[i:]音的例词很少。

6-20 abr oa d[ :] oasis[ ´eisis] oa并未构成元字组，不在同一音节。

6-26 kn ow ledge [´n li ]长音短化现象
ou/ow的另一种发音[ :]，c ou gh th ou ght
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
号
按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如：
everyd ay[ei]
handb a g[æ]
blackb oar d[ :]8-01有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成
为一个词。

其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如：
sun太阳+ d ay[ei]日子＞Sund ay[i] 星期天
holy神圣+ d ay[ei]日子＞holid ay[i] 假日
break中断+ f a st[α:]斋戒＞breakf a st[ ] 早餐
cup茶杯+ b oar d木板[ :] ＞cupb oar d[ ] 碗柜8-02
辅字组读音例词编号b[b]b ike b us b ag9-01
9-02 c
c在e前或在i/y前[k]c ake pi c ture c oat musi c9-03
[s]fa c e de c ide c inema9-04 ch[ ]mu ch ch ick ri ch tea ch er9-05
[k]s ch ool heada ch e ch emistry9-06
[ ]ma ch ine Ch icago9-07 -ck[k]co ck po ck et bla ck kno ck9-08 d[d]d octor brea d han d d ay 9-09 -dge[ ]bri dge fri dge9-10 dr-[dr]chil dr en dr iver dr ink9-11 f[f]f ive f our break f ast9-12 g
g在e i/y前[ ] ba g g ardon g o 9-13
[ ]oran g e lar g e G erman 9-14 gh[f]cou gh enou gh9-15
[/]li gh t dau gh ter hi gh9-16
gu- -gue[ ]gu ess lea gue dialo gue gu itar9-17
[ w]lan gu age an gu ish 9-18 h[h]h ot h ead h ouse h and9-19 j[ ]j eep j ar j oke j oin J uly9-21 k[k]k ind bi k e s k ate ma k e wee k9-22 kn-[n]k nife k now k nock9-23 l[l]l ife mi l k schoo l tal l9-24 m[m]m onkey co m e autu m n9-25 -mn[m]autu mn colu mn sole mn9-26 n
n在[k] [g]音前[n]n ot shi n e te n n ote 9-27
[ ]u n cle tha n k hu n gry9-28 -ng[ ]morni ng you ng wro ng9-29 p[p]p a p er p lane p ig shi p p en9-30 ph[f]ele ph ant ph oto tele ph one9-31 q[k]Ira q9-32 qu-[kw]qu ality qu ite 9-33 r[r]r ed r ubber r uler9-34 s在词首或清辅音前
元音字母间或浊辅音前[s]s it s leep de s k9-35
[z]mu s ic hu s band9-36 sc-[sk]sc arlet9-37
[s]mu sc le sc ience9-38
sh[ ]sh e fi sh sh irt wa sh9-39 t在通常情况下
9-20
在弱读字母ia ie io前[t]t en le t ter mee t9-40
[ ]pa t ient na t ion9-41 tch[ ]wa tch9-42 th在通常情况下
在冠词代词介词连词中
在词尾-the -ther中[θ]th in th irty me th od9-43
[ ]th e th ese wi th th an9-44
[ ]clo th e fa th er wea th er9-45 tr-[tr]tr ee tr ain coun tr y tr uck9-46 v[v]v ery v oice lo v e lea v e9-47 w[w]w eek w in w ake s w eet w ait9-48
[/]ans w er t w o 9-49 wh-
wh-在字母o前[w]wh at wh en wh ite wh y9-50
[h]wh o wh ose wh ole9-51 x
在重读元音前[ks]bo x te x t e x ercise9-52
[gz]e x amle e x ist e x act9-53 wr-[r]wr ite9-54
y-[j]y es y ard y ellow y oung9-55 z[z]puz z le z ero z oo9-56不符合规则的词
9-13 g et g irl g ive g ird g irder g irdle g ink g imp g imme
9-14 和字母k一样，g在字母n前面通常不发音，也可把gn-看成一个辅
字组：
g narl g nar g nash g nat g nathic g nathism g naw g nome
g nomic g nu
单词字母g也有不发音的现象： diaphra g m
9-56 sei z ure[ ]
1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
he she me piece receive ceiling
2) [i] 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) [] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) []字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
10) [] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full
12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book
should could
put full bull pull push
women whose
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town
16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18) [iε] 字母组合 eer
beer deer ear idea near here fierce
19) [] 字母组合ear air
pear bear chair air fair care there where
20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower
2 容易混淆的元音
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [R：]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
3辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest of
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [T] that this those these though
18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [V] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [W]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [T]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [N]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
添加一点:
9) []字母组合 al or au our ar aw
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
draw saw flaw
23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）
catch watch match （字母组合tch)
5 字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [?] [[] [a:] [R]
late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [i] [[] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai] [i]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [dV] [N]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [N]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [[](美语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [[] [R:]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]
cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [[:] [i[]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [[:] [[] [i[]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [i[] [Z[]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [[:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood
door floor
19) or [ R:] [[:] [[]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ R:] [J[]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [J[] [R:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [Q] [[]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [[J] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion [F[n] [V[n]
propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见)
station nation translation attention
question。