绿色制造PPT

2.1 对于传统发展模式的反思
当前，国际上都注意到这样一个事实：一方面，人类正在 耗费巨资来保护环境，控制污染，如美国每年用于环境保 护的投资高达800—900亿美元。另一方面，人类赖以生 存的环境并没有因此得到改善，新的环境污染问题不断出 现。
2.2 如何实现绿色制造
实现“绿色制造模式”包括三个层次
1.2 研究内容
Cleanability and burr reduction which are another green manufacturing aspects also on the machine level were studied in various machine tool researches to act as another optimization objectives in their attempts to improve machine tool performance. Example of this type of work was presented by Avila et al. (2005) in the aerospace industry.
2.1 对于传统发展模式的反思
第三，传统的工业发展模式不考虑环境因素, 一味强调对 环境的征服, 缺乏环境保护意识, 是一种“资源฀ 产品 ฀ 污染排放 ” 的单向线性和非循环的经济过程。而循 环经济则强调最有效利用资源和保护环境, 表现为“资源 ฀ 产品฀ 再生资源” 的持续循环增长方式, 做到 生产和消费，资源消耗减量化、污染排放最小化、废物再 生资源化和无害化, 以最小发展成本获得最大经济效益、 社会效益和生态效益。
二 如何实现绿色制造
2.1 对于传统发展模式的反思
回顾20世纪的发展历程,人类社会在以下三方面发生了深 远的变化。 第一: 科学技术突飞猛进 第二：人口爆炸性增长 第三：资源过度消耗，环境污染严重
2.1 对于传统发展模式的反思
传统的工业发展模式暴露出了种种缺陷:
第一，GDP已经成为衡量一个国家经济社会进步的最重要 的指标。GDP不仅不扣除环境污染损失, 而且还把治理环 境污染变成了GDP增长的一部分。 第二，传统的工业发展模式, 经济的快速增长依赖于资源、 能源和原材料的大量消耗, 是一种高投入低产出的发展模 式。
1.2 研究内容
Wang and Lin (2007) proposed a broad triple bottom line framework to track and categorize sustainability information at the corporate level through a sustainability index system. The framework incorporated environmental and social costs and values into economic activities to support the decisions of the management. Their methodology was suggested to help decision makers to make green manufacturing plans.
1.2 研究内容
Hui et al. (2002) proposed a model to assess environmental hazards in manufacturing . In their model, the network analytic method was employed to analyze the potential of each impact category created by different kinds of waste in manufacturing processes. Additionally, fuzzy set theory was used to determine a numeric fuzzy weighting factor of each impact category contributing to the overall potential environmental impact on ecosystem. The model was limited to ecological health hazards.
2.2 如何实现绿色制造
绿色包装 在可能条件下简化包装、选择绿色包装材料作为产品 包装已逐渐成为一个趋势。通过改进产品结构减少重量， 也可达到改善包装，降低成本并减小对环境的不利影响。 绿色回收处理 为了便于产品的绿色处理，在设计中常常要提高产品 的可拆卸性，如减少紧固件的数量，以提高拆卸的工作效 率。
一是绿色资源，即更多采用绿色原材料和绿色能源；二是 绿色生产过程, 即是生产过程尽量节能、降耗、减污；三 是绿色产品。
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2.2 如何实现绿色制造
一个产品的生命周期要做到“五绿”：绿色设计、 绿色材料、绿色工艺、绿色包装和绿色回收处理。
绿色设计 即在产品及其寿命的全过程的设计中，充分考虑对资 源和环境的影响，在充分考虑产品的性能、质量、开发周 期和成本的同时，优化各有关设计因素，使得产品及其制 造过程对环境的总体负影响减到最小。
2.2 如何实现绿色制造
绿色材料 即生产过程中能耗低、噪声小、无毒性并对环境无 害的材料和材料制品，以及对人类、环境有危害但采取适 当的措施后就可以减少或消除的材料及制成品。尽量选用 可再生、可回收、低能耗、少污染的材料。 绿色工艺 即清洁工艺，指既能提高经济效益, 又能减少环境影 响的工艺技术。
2.2 如何实现绿色制造
Each aspect of the plan (material, energy, process and technology) is decomposed and implemented either separately or concurrently with other aspects. A structured methodology should be developed for that implementation that maintains a balance between the current system configuration and practices and those of the optimal plan to ensure gradual transformation without affecting productivity.
1.2 研究内容
Jovane et al. (2003) presented sustainable and green manufacturing as future paradigm with business model based on designing for environment using new nano/bio/material technologies. They highlighted that the new paradigm will respond to the customer need of more eco-friendly products.
关于绿色制造的 研究报告
刘文龙、赵晏林
一 绿色制造的定义及研究内容
1.1 绿色制造的定义 1.2 研究内容
二 如何实现绿色制造
2.1 对于传统发展模式的反思 2.2 如何实现绿色制造
三 应用举例 四 结束语
一 绿色制造的概念及研究内容
1.1 绿色制造的定义
绿色制造，又称环境意识制造（Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing）、面向环境的制造 （Manufacturing For Environment）等 。是一个综合考 虑环境影响和资源效率的现代制造模式, 其目标是使得产 品从设计、制造、包装、运输、使用到报废处理的整个产 品生命周期中, 对环境的负面影响极小, 资源效率极高, 并 使企业经济效益和社会效益协调优化。
1.2 研究内容 the second side
Fiksel (1996) gathered different analytical tools that have emerged from product/process design research for green manufacturing . Examples of these tools include Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), Design for the Environment (DfE), screening methods and risk analysis.
1.2 研究内容
The available work on green manufacturing in its modern new context is considered to be few. The review can be divided into two groups, first, the work that dealt with the overall concept of green manufacturing and second, the work that provided various analytical tools and models to realize green manufacturing at different levels.
1.2 研究内容
Burk and Goughran (2007) also presented another framework for sustainability to realize green manufacturing . The framework was based on their studies of SME manufacturers who achieved ISO 14001 certification.
(关于具有现代背景的绿色制造的有效研究还很少。大体可以分为两类：第一 是处理绿色制造概念的相关研究；第二是提供各种分析工具和模型，实现绿 色制造在不同层面应用的研究 )
1.2 研究内容 the first side
Naderi (1996) showed that green manufacturing is highly tied to waste management through the elimination of causal factors. the work of Mohnty and Deshmukh (1998) highlighting the importance of green productivity as a competitive edge. They defined green productivity as all activities attempting to decrease wastes.
1.2 研究内容
Krishnan et al. (2004) proposed environmental value systems analysis tool to evaluate the environmental performance of semiconductor processing. The tool develops environmental assessments through a “bottomup” analysis approach, assembling equipment environmental models to describe a system.
1.2 研究内容
the work of Melnyk et al. (2001) who proposed Green MRP tool. This tool is essentially a conventional Material Requirements Planning system that has been modified to include environmental considerations when converting the Master Production Schedule into the various component schedules.