专题九 并列连词和状语从句

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-14-
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考点五 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有:though,although,while,even if/though,however,no matter how,no matter what,no matter who等。 1.though,although引导让步状语从句时都不能和but连用,但可以 同yet(still)连用。 Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 尽管这个公司很小,但它在30多个国家里有大约1000个购买者。 2.while引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管,虽然”,多用于句首。 While there was no conclusive evidence,most people thought he was guilty. 虽然没有令人信服的证据,但大多数人都认为他有罪。
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-6-
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2.引导状语从句的从属连词主要 有:if,as,when,while,till,until,since,after,before,because,though,althoug h,so...that,where等。
I don’t really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting.
By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时,主句要用过去完成 时)
到十四岁的时候,爱因斯坦已经自学完高等数学了。
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-11-
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6.几组固定形式 (1)It will be+一段时间+before...多久之后才…… (2)It is+一段时间+since...自从……以来已有多长时间了。 (3)be about to do...when...;be doing...when...;on the point of doing...when...正在/要做……这时…… It will be two days before he returns. 要过两天他才回来。 It is three years since I came here.我来这里三年了。 I was doing my homework when my cousin came. 我正在做作业,这时候我表弟来了。 I was about to go out/on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我正要出去,这时电话响了。
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-12-
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考点三 结果状语从句 常用句型: so+形容词/副词+that从句 so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句 so+many/much/little/few+名词+that从句 such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句 such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
专题九 并列连词和状语从句
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-2-
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2018·北京卷) If we don’t stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone. 2.(2017·北京卷)If you don’t understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people until you figure it out. 3.(2018·江苏卷) Unless you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 4.(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱame running from the house. 5.(2017·天津卷)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
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3.since意为“自从……以来”,其后面所用动词不同,该动词所表示 动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。
It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。 It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。
考点四 原因状语从句 1.because为常用词,其语气最重,且说明的是直接原因,用来回答 why引导的问句。 2.as,since和now that语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方 知道的原因。since译为“既然,鉴于”时不可用as替换。 Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing. 马克有必要学习汉语,因为他的公司正在北京开设分支机构。 As it’s raining,you’d better take a taxi. 由于在下雨,你最好坐出租车。 Since everybody is here,let’s begin. 既然大家都在,那我们就开始吧。
我实在不喜欢这位作者,尽管我不得不承认他写的书很激动人心。
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-7-
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考点二 时间状语从句 1.when,while,as都可译为“当……的时候”,但侧重点有所不同。 当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续的时,三者都可以用。 as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。 while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home. 我们一边走她一边唱,她唱的时候我认真地听,到家的时候我们 感觉很高兴。 2.until 和not...until until要与延续性动词连用;not...until 要与非延续性动词连用。 He didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 他直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。
Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom. 你一见到汤姆就告诉他这个消息吧。
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。
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-10-
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5.by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句,意为“到……时为止”,主 句一般用完成时。
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4.特殊的时间状语从句的引导词
the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner...than...;hardly...when...等以及表示瞬间的 directly,immediately等词,表示“一……就……”,相当于as soon as。 no sooner...than...,hardly...when...结构中no sooner和hardly引导的句 子通常用过去完成时,而than和when引导的句子通常要用一般过去 时;此外,no sooner和hardly位于句首时,句子应用部分倒装语序。
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-4-
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5.(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area. 去掉but 6.(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking. or→and 7.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)If we stay at home,it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. but→and
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3.as/though引导让步从句时,从句要采用倒装语序。 Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do. 他尽管是个孩子,但他知道怎样做是正确的。 Young as/though he is,he is expert in this field. 他虽然年轻,但在这个领域是专家。 4.whether...or not意为“无论(是否)”。 Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你信不信,这是真的。 5.however+形容词/副词=no matter how+形容词/副词,意为“无论 多么……”。 One can always manage to do more things,no matter how full one’s schedule is in life.一个人总是可以设法做更多的事情,不管在生活 中时间表安排得有多满。
He is so young that he cannot go to school. 他太小了以至于不能上学。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk. 天气这么好,以至于我们都想出去散步。
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-13-
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Ⅱ.单句改错 1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)At the end of our trip,I told my father that I planned to return every two years,but he agreed. but→and 2.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. where→when 3.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷) I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders,so once I started the car,my mind went blank. so→but 4.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷) I have grown not only physically,and also mentally in the past few years. and→but
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考点一 连词 在句中连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词。根据句子 的结构特点,连词通常分为并列连词和从属连词。 1.并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为:表并列关系的连词(and,as well as,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等)、表转折关 系的连词(but,yet,while等)、表选择关系的连词(or,either...or...等)、 表因果关系的连词(for,so等)。 Give me a chance,and I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. 给我一个机会,我会给你一个很大的惊喜。 I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didn’t want to spend all day with her. 再次见到珍妮我很高兴,但是我不想整天和她在一起。