SCI写作定冠词用法

冠词使⽤法
⾮完全总结，请结合语境
⽤对帮助理解，节省字数
⽤错产⽣歧义，造成错误
When referring to something
that is already known
•We often forget climate change is also impacting the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. The following foods have already felt the impact.
•New energy cars – which at least partly rely on electric engines — have sold in increasing numbers in China in recent years. But as the first wave of such vehicles need new batteries, the country still lacks an adequate collection and recycling system to dispose of the old ones.
When there is only one of
something or someone
•I want to know the truth.
•Who ate the cheese?
•The real meaning behind Mr. Bannon’s departure is that no one really knows what President Trump’s agenda is.
•Is he the one?
•the cream/ the foundation 世界上只有⼀个
•the bund 世界上只有⼀个
•I met him on the street. I went to the cinema •go to the toilet/ bathroom
•go to the beach
•cross the road
•hit the bar
•Many of them may become scarce within the next 30 years. •60% of the time, it works.
•Employee of the Year
•in recent years/ the past few years
With dates, ordinal numbers and
decades
•the 16th of September（简写）
•the third person to arrive
•the 20th century
•in the 1940s（中⽂+1）
•rank 50th (rank among the top 50)
When we use a singular noun to
represent a group
•the kidney is a vital organ 定冠词+单数名词泛指器官
•The water clock was invented in China.
•the wheel
•the internal combustion engine
•the steam engine
•the Internet
•the telephone
•the mastiff is a breed of dog (=mastiffs are前⾯复数和后⾯单数不冲突)
When we talk generally about
the environment
•the ENVIRONMENT (sun/ earth/ moon/ solar system)
•the atmosphere
•in the wild (nature不⽤加定冠词); in the open
•I live in the dessert. He fell into the water.（generally talk about the environment）•... tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year.
With newspapers, magzines and
journals
•the Guardian
•the FT
•the Economist
•the Lancet
•the New York Times
•China Daily
With organizations
•the UN; the EU （下设机构同理）
•the European Commission欧盟委员会
•the European Parliament 欧洲理事会
•the European Court欧洲法院
•the ICC; the IMF; the AIIB（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank）
•the Society of Authors（⼤⼩写-英国作家学会）
•the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC美国证监会)
•exceptions: UNICEF联合国⼉童基⾦会, UNESCO（展开）, SASAC国有资产监督管理委员会, SAFE 能连读的不加定冠词
With broadcaster, channals and
news agencies
•VOA
•CNN
•NPR
•CBS
•NBC
•the BBC
•Reuters
•the Associated Press (the AP) 美联社
With agreements and treaties •the Paris Agreement; the Kyoto Protocol；the copenhegen accord •the Good Friday Agreement 北爱和平协定（英国四区）
•the Plaza Accord ⼴场协议 (the Empire State Building)
•Artical 50 of the Lisbon Treaty
•the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)
•exceptions: NAFTA
•agreement：协定
•accord：协议
With conferences and forums •the WEF (Davos)世界经济论坛
•the G20
•the Paris Climate Change Conference
•the General Assembly
•the Doha Round
With groups of people •the poor, the disabled, the living, the dead
•the elderly (not old)
•the Chinese (Chinese people)
With politics
•the Conservative Party
•the Conservatives, the conservatives
•the Republican Party
•the Republicans
•the Senate, the House; 2 houses
•the left, the right
•Parliament, Congress
With Currencies •the US Dollar
•the Euro
•the RMB
•the Pound (sterling不加，唯⼀⼀个不需要加的) •+s（东⽅⾳译词不加，⻄⽅英⽂单词加）
With Units •paid by the hour
•lose fans by the thousands
•bring tourists by the boat loads
•acurate to the centimeter 精确度可达⼀厘⽶
With nouns formed from
adjectives
•The best is yet to come.
•I enjoy the ridiculous in life.
•the expendables (not the whole group)
With families •the Wangs, the Obamas
With some very famous works of
art
•the Mona Lisa
•the Thinker
There is usually no article with
countries
•exceptions:
•the US, the UK (全称？)
•the Soviet Union, the USSR（Britain，the UK）
•the Netherlands, the Philippines
•the Sudan, the Ukraine
•the Republic of Ireland, the People's Republic of China •DPRK, ROK
•the Maldives
•the Pacific, the Atlantic
•the Mediterranean, the Caribbean
•the Panama Canal
•the Himalaya s (Mount Everest-individual mountains不加，孤⽴⼭峰不加，⼭脉加) •the North Sea (Scots)
•the Yellow/ Yangzte River •the Great Lakes
•the Taiwan Strait
•the South China Sea
•the Northern Hemisphere (the North)
•the West
•the Middle East
•southeast Asia; north, south America; east ern, west ern Europe; Northern Ireland; East Germany, West Germany（地理；⾏政）
•the Arctic, the Antarctic
With musical instruments •the piano
•the cello
•the flute
•体育运动
In sentences with relative clauses •the wine that we had was delicious
•the service which I received was excellent
•只是修饰，⽽⾮指代，不加the
In sentences with of plus a
qualifying phrase
•I rely on the advice of my friends.
•I rely on my friends’ advice.
•I am interested in the migration of birds.
•I am interested in migration.
title不⽤
•J. K. Rowling, author of Harry Potter, was born in 1965.⼈名后是头衔，不加•J. K. Rowling is the author of Harry Potter.放后⾯有所指
•Jack Ma, CEO of Alibaba, ...
•The CEO of Alibaba, Jack Ma, ...
Common mistakes
•Market
•Government
•Industry
•Sector (the private sector)
•WWⅡ/ the second world war
THANK YOU。