笛福和斯威夫特
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Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) Robinson Crusoe
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
Gulliver’s Travels
18th c English Literature
Background: Political stability (Tory and Whig) Economic growth Overseas expansion Rise of the novel (1st half of 18th c) Rise of the middle classes To reveal, to educate, to stimulate moral judgment. Forerunners: Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson,
Writing career
In his 60s. Robison Crusoe, Captain Singleton; Moll Flanders.
Journalism and fiction: fact-based fiction; reporter’s eye for the picturesque; a newspaperman’s instinct for making a good story with simple, smooth and colloquial English.
Plot summary
Robinson Crusoe is a mariner who runs away to the sea at the age of 19 despite parental warnings. Finally Crusoe is shipwrecked off South America. With salvaging needful things from the ship, including the Bible, Crusoe manages to survive in the island. He stays in the island 28 years. Aided with his enterprising behavior, Crusoe adapts himself into his alien environment and makes it his own Paradise. After several lone years Crusoe meets a frightened native and christens him Man Friday and teaches him English. Later an English ship arrives. Crusoe returns to England.
c. Robinson’s solitary existence foreshadowed modern theme of isolation.
Robinson Crusoe
Source: the memoir of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned off the coast of Chile on an island for around 5 years.
Experience: hosiery salesman(男性针织用品商), traveling in Spain, France, Italy and Germany; bankrupt, deep in debt till death.
Politics. Politically active; loyal supporter of the “Glorious Revolution”; a publicist, political journalist, and pamphleteer in service of the Whigs; pilloried and imprisoned for satirizing the Tories’ intolerance of dissenters; bad reputation as an unscrupulous journalist.
Henry Fielding, Lawrence Sterne.
Pictures of Defoe
Biography of Defoe
Birth: son to a dissenting butcher father.
Education: good education in one of the best dissenting academies.
Productive: over 500 books and pamphlets during his life.
Position and achievements
Position: one of the founders of the English novel; one of the first to write stories about believable characters in realistic situations using simple prose.
a. Focus on the everyday life; avoidance of the courtly or heroic character helped define the new genre of the English novel.
b. Dispensing with the ornate style associated with the upper classes, Defoe used the simple, direct, fact-based style of the middle classes, which became the new standard for the English novel.
Robinson Crusoe: foot-loose sailor who makes a myth of survival on an island for 28 years after a shipwreck. Aided with his enterprising work, Crusoe adapts himself to his alien environment and makes it his own Paraຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduise.
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
Gulliver’s Travels
18th c English Literature
Background: Political stability (Tory and Whig) Economic growth Overseas expansion Rise of the novel (1st half of 18th c) Rise of the middle classes To reveal, to educate, to stimulate moral judgment. Forerunners: Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson,
Writing career
In his 60s. Robison Crusoe, Captain Singleton; Moll Flanders.
Journalism and fiction: fact-based fiction; reporter’s eye for the picturesque; a newspaperman’s instinct for making a good story with simple, smooth and colloquial English.
Plot summary
Robinson Crusoe is a mariner who runs away to the sea at the age of 19 despite parental warnings. Finally Crusoe is shipwrecked off South America. With salvaging needful things from the ship, including the Bible, Crusoe manages to survive in the island. He stays in the island 28 years. Aided with his enterprising behavior, Crusoe adapts himself into his alien environment and makes it his own Paradise. After several lone years Crusoe meets a frightened native and christens him Man Friday and teaches him English. Later an English ship arrives. Crusoe returns to England.
c. Robinson’s solitary existence foreshadowed modern theme of isolation.
Robinson Crusoe
Source: the memoir of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned off the coast of Chile on an island for around 5 years.
Experience: hosiery salesman(男性针织用品商), traveling in Spain, France, Italy and Germany; bankrupt, deep in debt till death.
Politics. Politically active; loyal supporter of the “Glorious Revolution”; a publicist, political journalist, and pamphleteer in service of the Whigs; pilloried and imprisoned for satirizing the Tories’ intolerance of dissenters; bad reputation as an unscrupulous journalist.
Henry Fielding, Lawrence Sterne.
Pictures of Defoe
Biography of Defoe
Birth: son to a dissenting butcher father.
Education: good education in one of the best dissenting academies.
Productive: over 500 books and pamphlets during his life.
Position and achievements
Position: one of the founders of the English novel; one of the first to write stories about believable characters in realistic situations using simple prose.
a. Focus on the everyday life; avoidance of the courtly or heroic character helped define the new genre of the English novel.
b. Dispensing with the ornate style associated with the upper classes, Defoe used the simple, direct, fact-based style of the middle classes, which became the new standard for the English novel.
Robinson Crusoe: foot-loose sailor who makes a myth of survival on an island for 28 years after a shipwreck. Aided with his enterprising work, Crusoe adapts himself to his alien environment and makes it his own Paraຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduise.