国际结算(双语)第一章国际结算概述 PPT课件
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Banks always open an account in other banks in foreign countries, thus forms the inter-bank accounts.
Depository bank must be correspondent bank, but
correspondent bank is not necessarily depository bank.
三、国际支付体系
International clearing system
目前，全世界有三大货币清算系统： 1. 纽约银行同业电子清算系统(Clearing House Interbank Payment System，
CHIPS)。它是国际美元收付的计算机网络，总部设在纽约。
2. 伦敦银行同业自动清算系统(Clearing House Automated Payment System， CHAPS)。它以高度计算机自动化代替票据交换，各商业银行在清算 银行开设账户，总部设在伦敦。
(二)与结算方式相关的国际惯例 International Practices concerning Settlement : 《托收统一规则》 Uniform Rules for Collection, ICC Publication No. 522 《跟单信用证统一惯例》 Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits,
（国际结算方式）
Documents of international payment
and settlement
（国际结算单据）
Financing of international payment
and settlement
（国际结算融资）
Bill of Exchange 汇票 Promissory Note 本票 Check 支票
第三节 国际结算体系及银行网络
International payment clearing system and Banking Network
一、银行在国际结算中的作用 The role of bank for International Settlement
1、银行资金雄厚、资信优良，可以为国际贸易结算提供信用保障，例如信用证和 银行保函。
2. 银行可提供贸易融资，如开展出口押汇、单据贴现等融资业务。 Banks can provide trade finance, such as outward bills, bills discounting and other
finance operations.
3. 银行拥有效率高、安全性强的银行网络与资金转移网络。银行在全球建立了分支 机构以及代理行关系、账户关系，以拓展海外业务，加快资金的收付。
1993 Revision, ICC Publication No. 500 «UCP 600»,2007
(三)与单据相关的国际公约与国际惯例 International Practices concerning Documents: 《海牙规则》Hague Rules 、《汉堡规则》Hamburg Rules 、《国际铁路货物运送公约》
How to establish correspondent bank relationship
Choose the best bank – The following factors should be considered: • The reputation of the bank • Size of the Bank • Service offered by the bank • Physical feature and personnel
Inter-bank accounts (银行往来帐户） • To credit sb’s a/c with – 贷记某人或某某单位帐户一定金额 • To debit sb’s a/c with – 借记某人或某某单位账户一定金额
• Credit Advice and Debit Advice – 贷记报单和借记报单
International Convention Concerning the Transport of Goods by Rail 、《国际铁路货物联 运协定》Agreement on InternationBiblioteka Baidul Rail-Road through Transport of Goods 、《联合运输 单证统一规则》Uniform Rules for a Combined Transport Documents 、《伦敦保险协会 货物保险条款》Institute Cargo Clauses, ICC 、《国际贸易术语解释通则》 International Rules for Interpretation of Trade Terms, Incoterms 2000 、《联合国国际贸易法委员会仲 裁规则》 UNCITRAL Arbitration Rule等。
3. 环球银行金融电信协会(The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication，SWIFT)。该系统可以自动储存信息、自动加押、 自动核对密押。SWIFT以其费用低廉、安全、可靠、快捷、标准化、 自动化等优点，已成为银行之间划拨资金、开立信用证和往来联系的 主要通信工具。
②代表处 (REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE) ③经理处 (AGENCY OFFICE) ④子银行 (SUBSIDIARY)，它是在东道国注册的独立金融机
构，具有法人地位 ⑤联营银行(AFFILIATED BANK) ⑥银团银行 (CONSORTIUM BANK)
(二)代理行(CORRESPONDENT BANK OR CORRESPONDENTS)
– Correspondent bank is very necessary in global economy. Even for large international bank, such as Bank of China, the establishment of the correspondent relationship is still very important because they cannot do any business without the cooperation of local banks.
Three elements in international settlement （国际结算中的三要素）：
(1)Persons in different countries（不同国 家）
(2) Bank’s Participation（银行参与） (3) Funds transfer (资金转移）
(三)账户行
代理行建立代理关系后，就可以根据协议办理委办 业务。但是，对于汇款、托收以及信用证业务， 会涉及外汇资金的收付，需要双方建立账户处理 资金的清算。
因此，代理行之间单方或者双方互相在对方银行开 设账户，称为账户代理行(DEPOSITORY CORRESPONDENTS)，简称账户行 (DEPOSITORY BANK)。
Remittance 汇款 Collection 托收 Letter of credit 信用证 Letter of guarantee 银行保函
Invoice 发票 Transport Documents 运输单据 Insurance Documents 保险单据
Import trade finance 进口贸易融资 Export trade finance 出口贸易融资 Factoring 保理 Forfeiting 福费廷
Bank can provide credit protection for international trade settlement because of financial strength and credit quality, such as letters of credit and bank guarantees.
Signing contract and exchanging control documents(控制文件） • Control documents include: –Specimen Signature （印鉴样本） –Telegraphic test key（密押） –Terms and conditions（条款费率表）
Banks have high efficiency, safety banking network and funds transfer network.
二、国际结算的银行网络
(一)商业银行的分支机构 Types of International Banking Offices
①分行和支行 (BRANCH & SUB-BRANCH)，分行和支行之 间的关系称为“联行关系 (SISTER BANK)”
账户行一定是代理行，代理行不一定是账户行。
各银行的开立账户的条件各不相同，在不同银行建 立账户的成本费有大有小。账户条件大致有以下 几种：①最低存款额；②存款利息；③透支额度 及利息；④账户费用；⑤对账单。
① minimum deposit amount；② interest of deposits； ③ overdraft limit and interest；④ account cost； ⑤statements
From the view of Midland
Bank, this account is called Nostro Account(往账).
From the view of Citibank,
this account is called Vostro Account(来账).
1000 USD a/c
代理行是指相互间建立委托办理业务的，具有往来 关系的银行。
A bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank.
– A correspondent banking relationship exists when two banks maintain deposits with each other.
三、国际结算的基本内容 Research objective of International Settlement
Tools of international payment and settlement
（国际结算工具）
Methods of international payment and settlement
一、国际结算的概念
所谓国际结算，是指为清偿国际间的债权债 务关系而发生在不同国家之间的货币收付 活动。
Definition of International settlement：
International settlement refers to the money transfer via banks to settle accounts, debts and claims among different countries.
Midland Bank, London, UK
1000GBP a/c
Citibank, New York, USA
From the view of Midland
Bank, this account is called Vostro Account(来账).
From the view of Citibank, this account is called Nostro Account(往账).
二、国际结算涉及的法律与国际惯例
International Customs and Practices
(一)与票据相关的法律和国际惯例 International Practices concerning Bills: 《英国票据法》 Bill of Exchange Act, 1882 《日内瓦统一票据法》 Jeva Uniform Bill Act.
Depository bank must be correspondent bank, but
correspondent bank is not necessarily depository bank.
三、国际支付体系
International clearing system
目前，全世界有三大货币清算系统： 1. 纽约银行同业电子清算系统(Clearing House Interbank Payment System，
CHIPS)。它是国际美元收付的计算机网络，总部设在纽约。
2. 伦敦银行同业自动清算系统(Clearing House Automated Payment System， CHAPS)。它以高度计算机自动化代替票据交换，各商业银行在清算 银行开设账户，总部设在伦敦。
(二)与结算方式相关的国际惯例 International Practices concerning Settlement : 《托收统一规则》 Uniform Rules for Collection, ICC Publication No. 522 《跟单信用证统一惯例》 Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits,
（国际结算方式）
Documents of international payment
and settlement
（国际结算单据）
Financing of international payment
and settlement
（国际结算融资）
Bill of Exchange 汇票 Promissory Note 本票 Check 支票
第三节 国际结算体系及银行网络
International payment clearing system and Banking Network
一、银行在国际结算中的作用 The role of bank for International Settlement
1、银行资金雄厚、资信优良，可以为国际贸易结算提供信用保障，例如信用证和 银行保函。
2. 银行可提供贸易融资，如开展出口押汇、单据贴现等融资业务。 Banks can provide trade finance, such as outward bills, bills discounting and other
finance operations.
3. 银行拥有效率高、安全性强的银行网络与资金转移网络。银行在全球建立了分支 机构以及代理行关系、账户关系，以拓展海外业务，加快资金的收付。
1993 Revision, ICC Publication No. 500 «UCP 600»,2007
(三)与单据相关的国际公约与国际惯例 International Practices concerning Documents: 《海牙规则》Hague Rules 、《汉堡规则》Hamburg Rules 、《国际铁路货物运送公约》
How to establish correspondent bank relationship
Choose the best bank – The following factors should be considered: • The reputation of the bank • Size of the Bank • Service offered by the bank • Physical feature and personnel
Inter-bank accounts (银行往来帐户） • To credit sb’s a/c with – 贷记某人或某某单位帐户一定金额 • To debit sb’s a/c with – 借记某人或某某单位账户一定金额
• Credit Advice and Debit Advice – 贷记报单和借记报单
International Convention Concerning the Transport of Goods by Rail 、《国际铁路货物联 运协定》Agreement on InternationBiblioteka Baidul Rail-Road through Transport of Goods 、《联合运输 单证统一规则》Uniform Rules for a Combined Transport Documents 、《伦敦保险协会 货物保险条款》Institute Cargo Clauses, ICC 、《国际贸易术语解释通则》 International Rules for Interpretation of Trade Terms, Incoterms 2000 、《联合国国际贸易法委员会仲 裁规则》 UNCITRAL Arbitration Rule等。
3. 环球银行金融电信协会(The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication，SWIFT)。该系统可以自动储存信息、自动加押、 自动核对密押。SWIFT以其费用低廉、安全、可靠、快捷、标准化、 自动化等优点，已成为银行之间划拨资金、开立信用证和往来联系的 主要通信工具。
②代表处 (REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE) ③经理处 (AGENCY OFFICE) ④子银行 (SUBSIDIARY)，它是在东道国注册的独立金融机
构，具有法人地位 ⑤联营银行(AFFILIATED BANK) ⑥银团银行 (CONSORTIUM BANK)
(二)代理行(CORRESPONDENT BANK OR CORRESPONDENTS)
– Correspondent bank is very necessary in global economy. Even for large international bank, such as Bank of China, the establishment of the correspondent relationship is still very important because they cannot do any business without the cooperation of local banks.
Three elements in international settlement （国际结算中的三要素）：
(1)Persons in different countries（不同国 家）
(2) Bank’s Participation（银行参与） (3) Funds transfer (资金转移）
(三)账户行
代理行建立代理关系后，就可以根据协议办理委办 业务。但是，对于汇款、托收以及信用证业务， 会涉及外汇资金的收付，需要双方建立账户处理 资金的清算。
因此，代理行之间单方或者双方互相在对方银行开 设账户，称为账户代理行(DEPOSITORY CORRESPONDENTS)，简称账户行 (DEPOSITORY BANK)。
Remittance 汇款 Collection 托收 Letter of credit 信用证 Letter of guarantee 银行保函
Invoice 发票 Transport Documents 运输单据 Insurance Documents 保险单据
Import trade finance 进口贸易融资 Export trade finance 出口贸易融资 Factoring 保理 Forfeiting 福费廷
Bank can provide credit protection for international trade settlement because of financial strength and credit quality, such as letters of credit and bank guarantees.
Signing contract and exchanging control documents(控制文件） • Control documents include: –Specimen Signature （印鉴样本） –Telegraphic test key（密押） –Terms and conditions（条款费率表）
Banks have high efficiency, safety banking network and funds transfer network.
二、国际结算的银行网络
(一)商业银行的分支机构 Types of International Banking Offices
①分行和支行 (BRANCH & SUB-BRANCH)，分行和支行之 间的关系称为“联行关系 (SISTER BANK)”
账户行一定是代理行，代理行不一定是账户行。
各银行的开立账户的条件各不相同，在不同银行建 立账户的成本费有大有小。账户条件大致有以下 几种：①最低存款额；②存款利息；③透支额度 及利息；④账户费用；⑤对账单。
① minimum deposit amount；② interest of deposits； ③ overdraft limit and interest；④ account cost； ⑤statements
From the view of Midland
Bank, this account is called Nostro Account(往账).
From the view of Citibank,
this account is called Vostro Account(来账).
1000 USD a/c
代理行是指相互间建立委托办理业务的，具有往来 关系的银行。
A bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank.
– A correspondent banking relationship exists when two banks maintain deposits with each other.
三、国际结算的基本内容 Research objective of International Settlement
Tools of international payment and settlement
（国际结算工具）
Methods of international payment and settlement
一、国际结算的概念
所谓国际结算，是指为清偿国际间的债权债 务关系而发生在不同国家之间的货币收付 活动。
Definition of International settlement：
International settlement refers to the money transfer via banks to settle accounts, debts and claims among different countries.
Midland Bank, London, UK
1000GBP a/c
Citibank, New York, USA
From the view of Midland
Bank, this account is called Vostro Account(来账).
From the view of Citibank, this account is called Nostro Account(往账).
二、国际结算涉及的法律与国际惯例
International Customs and Practices
(一)与票据相关的法律和国际惯例 International Practices concerning Bills: 《英国票据法》 Bill of Exchange Act, 1882 《日内瓦统一票据法》 Jeva Uniform Bill Act.