SAT写作原文与翻译

SAT写作原文与翻译

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Why Sand is Disappearing?

BERKELEY, Calif. —TO those of us who visit beaches only in summer, they seem as permanent a part of our natural heritage as the Rocky Mountains and the Great Lakes. But shore dwellers know differently. Beaches are the most transitory of landscapes, and sand beaches the most vulnerable of all. During big storms, especially in winter, they can simply vanish, only to magically reappear in time for the summer season.

加利福尼亚伯克利——对于只在夏天去海边游玩的人来说，海滩仿佛是一种永久的自然遗产，就像落基山脉和五大湖一样。然而，住在海边的人知道，事实并非如此。海滩是最容易转瞬即逝的地貌，而沙滩又是其中最为脆弱的一种。遇到大风暴，尤其是在冬天，它们会消失，待到来年夏季将至的时候又会神奇地及时重现。

It could once be said that “a beach is a place where sand stops to rest for a moment before resuming its journey to somewhere else,”as the naturalist D. W. Bennett wrote in the book “Living With the New Jersey Shore.”Sand moved along the shore and from beach to sea bottom and back again, forming shorelines and barrier islands that until

recently were able to repair themselves on a regular basis, producing the illusion of permanence.

自然科学家D·W·本内特(D. W. Bennett)在《与新泽西海滩共度时光》(Living With the New Jersey Shore)一书中写道，“海滩是沙子在继续前往别处之前停留片刻的地方。”曾几何时，的确可以这么说。沙子沿着水岸运动，从滩涂到海底再到滩涂，塑造了海岸线和堰洲岛。直到不久前，这些地貌还能经常自我修复，制造出一种永恒的假象。

Today, however, 75 to 90 percent of the world’s natural sand beaches are disappearing, due partly to rising sea levels and increased storm action, but also to massive erosion caused by the human development of shores. Many low-lying barrier islands are already submerged.

然而今天，世界上75%到90%的自然沙滩正在消失。部分原因在于海平面上升和风暴活动增加，但更重要的是，人类对海滩的开发造成了大规模的侵蚀。许多地势较低的堰洲岛已经被海水淹没。

Yet the extent of this global crisis is obscured because so-called beach nourishment projects attempt to hold sand in place and repair the damage by the time summer people return, creating the illusion of an eternal shore.

可是，由于所谓的“人工育滩”计划，这一全球性危机的严重程度遭到了忽视。这些工程努力在夏季游客到来之前将沙子留在原处并修复损失，制造出一种海滩永在的幻象。

Before next summer, endless lines of dump trucks will have filled in bare spots and restored dunes. Virginia Beach alone has been restored more than 50 times. In recent decades, East Coast barrier islands have used 23 million loads of sand, much of it mined inland and the rest dredged from coastal waters —a practice that disturbs the sea bottom, creating turbidity that kills coral beds and damages spawning grounds, which hurts inshore fisheries.

下个夏天到来之前，看不到尽头的自卸车队会运来材料填补裸露的地表并修复沙丘。光是弗吉尼亚海滩，就被恢复了逾50次。近几十年里，美国东海岸的堰洲岛用掉了2300万车的沙子，其中许多采自陆地，其余则从沿海水域挖掘。挖沙的做法会干扰海床，产生不利于珊瑚礁生存并会破坏生物繁殖地的浑浊海水，从而损害近海渔业。

The sand and gravel business is now growing faster than the economy as a whole. In the United States, the market for mined sand has become a billion-dollar annual business, growing at 10 percent a year since 2008. Interior mining operations use huge machines working in open pits to dig down under the earth’s surface to get sand left behind by ancient glaciers. But as demand has risen —and the damming of rivers has held back the flow of sand from mountainous interiors —natural sources of sand have been shrinking.

砂石行业的增长如今比整体经济更为迅猛。在美国，开采出来的沙子已形成了每年上十亿美元的市场规模，2008年以来的年增长率为10%。内陆采砂采用