初中_定语从句详细讲解(2)

定语从句

定语从句是一个重点语法项目，而且也是各种考试中考查的重点，要牢固掌握好关系代词和关系副词的基本用法及特殊用法，并且学会利用相关知识来作出判断，准确解答相关试题。

知识详单

何为定语从句：在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

关系词：在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。

知识点1关系词

分类先行词句子成分例句

关系代词

who 人主语，宾语

A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to students.

A teacher is a person, a teacher passes knowledge to

students.

whom 人宾语The woman whom you met in the street is Kate.

whose 人/物定语Please pass me the book w hose cover is green.

which 物主语，宾语，定语This is the room which he lived in last year.。

that 人/物主语，宾语，表语

The girl that I spoke to is my cousin.

They are the people that were seen yesterday.

He came back for the book that was on the desk

He came back for the book that he had forgotten.

as 人/物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us

Such books as I borrowed yesterday are all here

关系副词when 时间时间状语I know the date when Lincoln was born.

where 地点地点状语I would like to live in a place where there is plenty of

sunshine.

why 原因原因状语That is the reason why he was late.

知识点2关系代词的用法

关系代词用法例句

who/whom 两者都用于指人，who在定语从句

中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从

句中作宾语

I have no idea about the man who wrote the

article.我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。

What is the girl whom(who) you talked to

just now?刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是干

什么的?

whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语,往往

与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个

名词短语在从句中担当成分

He is the man whose car was stolen last

night.他就是昨天晚上车被偷的那个男子。

which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、

宾语，还可在从句中作介词的宾语

That was a fault which could not be

forgiven.那是不能饶恕的错误。

The house in which I used to live has

become a shoe.我过去住的房子现在变成

了一家鞋店。

that 指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾

语，还可作表语，作宾语或表语时

可省略;作介词宾语时，介词不可

提到that前

He is the man that was punished at the

meeting.他就是那个在会上受批评的人。

Shanghai is the place that I visited last year.

上海是我去年参观过的地方。

as 可以作为关系代词引导定语从句，

常用于such... as和the same... as

等句式中

Such points as you've mentioned are really

important in solving the problem.你提到的

这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。

【知识拓展】

1.关系词指物时，只用that不用which的情况:

①先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, no one, little, few, much, some . none等不定代词时。例如:

All that can be done has been done.所有能做的已经做了。

②先行词被the only, the very ,the just, the right, the last, all, any, some, no, few, little, much等修饰时。例如