2018年人教版七年级下册英语讲义(完整版)
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新目标英语七年级下册知识点总结
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar ?
1,情态动词 +V 原 can do= be able to do
2, Play+ the+ 乐器
+球类,棋类
3, join 参加社团、组织、团体
4, 4 个说的区别: say+内容
Speak+语言
Talk谈论talk about sth talk with sb talk to sb
Tell 告诉,讲述tell sb
( not) to do sth
Tell stories/ jokes
5, want= would like + (sb) to do sth
6, 4 个也的区别: too 肯定句末(前面加
逗号)
Either 否定句末(前面
加逗号)
Also 行前 be 后
As well 口语中(前面不
加逗号)
7, be good at+ V-ing=do well in擅长于
be good for 对⋯有益( be bad for 对⋯有害)
be good to 对⋯友好( good 可用
friendly ,nice,kind 替换)
be good with 和⋯相处好 =get on/ along
well with
8,特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+ 一般疑问
句
9, How/ what about+V- ing⋯怎么样?
(表建议)
10,感官动词(look, sound, taste, smell, feel)+adj/ like
11,选择疑问句:回答不能直接用 Yes 或者
No ,要从中选择一个回答
12,students wanted for school show
( wanted 表示招募,含有被动意义)
13,show sth to sb=show sb sth give sth to
sb=give sb sth
14,help sb (to)do sth
Help sb with sth
With sb ’ s help= with the help of sb
Help oneself to 随便享用
15,be busy doing sth/ be busy with sth
16,need to do sth
17,be free= have time
18,have friends= make friends
19,call sb at + 电话号码20, on the weekend= on weekends
21,English-speaking students 说英语的学生
(带有连词符,有形容词性质)
22, do kung fu 表演功夫
Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
1,问时间用 what time 或者 when
At+ 钟点at 7 o’ clock at noon/
at night (during/ in the day )
On+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天
on April 1st on Sunday on a cold
winter morning
In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上
2,时间读法:顺读法
逆读法:分钟≤ 30 用 past five
past eight( 8:05) half past eight( 8:30)
分钟> 30用to
a quarter to ten( 9:45)
整点用⋯ o’ clock 7 o’ clock
( 7:00)
3,3 个穿的区别: wear 表状态,接服装、
手套、眼镜、香水等
Put on 表动作,接服装
Dress 表动作,接sb/
oneself get dressed穿衣
3,感叹句: How+adj+ 主谓!
How+adj+a/an +n 单+ 主谓!
What+ a/an +adj+ n 单+ 主谓!
What+ adj+ n 复 / 不可数 + 主
谓!
4, from ⋯ to ⋯
5, be/ arrive late for
6,频度副词(行前be 后)
Always usually often sometimes
seldom hardly never
7,一段时间前面要用介词for for half an
hour for five minutes
8, eat/ have ⋯ for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/
supper
9, either⋯or
10, a lot of=lots of
11,it is +adj+for sb +to do sth ( adj 修饰 to
do sth)It is important for me to learn English.
it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj 修饰 sb)
It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.
Unit 3 How do you get to school?
1,疑问词
How 如何(方式)
how long多长(时间)答语常用“(For/
about +)时间段”
how far 多远(距离)答语常用“(It’ s)
数词+miles/ meters/ kilometers”
how often 多久一次(频率)答语常用
“ Always/ often/ every day/ ⋯”或“次数 +时
间”等表频率的状语
How soon 多快,多久以后,常用在将来
时中。
答语常用“in +时间段”
how many 多少(接可数名词)how
much(接不可数名词)
why 为什么(原因) what 什么 when 何时
who 谁 whom 谁(宾格)(针对宾语提问
也可用 who) whose 谁的
2,宾语从句要用陈述句语序
3, Stop sb from doing sth
Stop to do 停下来去做其他事
Stop doing 停止正在做的事
4, what do you think of/ about ⋯? = how do
you like ?⋯你认为⋯怎么样?
5, He is 11 years old.
He is an 11-year-old boy.
6, many students= many of the students
7, be afraid of sth be afraid to do sth
worry about be worried about 担
心
8, play with sb
9, come true
10, have to do sth
11,he is like a father to me ( like 像)
12, leave 离开leave for 出发前往某地
13, cross 是动词across 是介词
14, thanks for +n/ V-ing
Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping
me.
Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for
inviting/ asking me.
Thanks to 幸亏,由于,因为
15,4 个花费:人 +spend/ spends/ spent+时间 /
钱+(in )doing sth/ on sth
人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱 +for sth
It takes/ took sb +时间 +to do
sth
物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱
16,交通方式
●用介词。
在句子中做方式状语。
①b y +交通工具名词(中间无需任何修
饰)
By bus/ bike/ car/ taxi/ ship/ boat/ plane/
subway/ train ⋯⋯
② by +交通路线的位置
By land/ water/ sea/ air
③in/ on +冠词 /物主代词 / 指示代词 +交通工具名词
In a/ his/ the car
On a/ his/ the bus/ bike/ship/ train/
horse/ motorbike
④on foot 步行
●用动词。
在句子中做谓语。
①take + a/ the +交通工具名词
take a bus/ plane/ ship/ train
ride a bike
②walk/ drive/ ride/ fly to ⋯⋯(后面接
here,there,home 等地点副词时,省
略介词 to。
)如步行回家: walk home 17,名词所有格
一般情况加’s Tom’s pen
以s 结尾加’the teachers’office
ten days ’ holiday
表示几个人共同拥有,在最后一个名词
后加’s Mike and John’s desk
表示每个人各自拥有,在每个名词后加’sMike’s and John’s desks
Unit 4 Don ’ t eat in class.
1,祈使句 (变否定在句首 +don’ t)
Be 型(be +表语),否定形式: don’ t + be + 表语Be quiet,please.Don’ t be late!
Do 型(实义动词 +其他),否定形式:don’ t +实义动词 +其他
Come here,please.Don’ t play football here.
Let 型( let sb do sth),否定形式: don’ t + let sb do sth 或者 let sb not do sth
No+n/ V-ing No photos /mobile ; No parking/ smoking/ spitting/ talking/ picking of flowers
2,in class 在课堂上in the classroom 在
教室
3,be on time 准时
4,listen to music
5,(have a) fight with sb
7, eat outside
8, Must 与 have to
( 1)must 表示说话人主观上的看法,意为
“必须”。
have to 表示客观的需要或责任,
意为“不得不,必须”,后接动词原词。
(2)must 没有人称,时态和数的变化 Have
to 有人称,数,时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为 has to ,过去式为 had to. 构成否
定句或疑问句时借助动词 do/ does。
(3) have to 的否定式是 needn’t=don’/t
doesn ’havet to (不必要); must 的否定式
是must not/ mustn (’t一定不能,不允许)。
9, Some of ⋯
10, bring ⋯ to ⋯
11,practice (doing) sth
12, wash/ do the dishes
13, on school days/ nights
14, break/ follow (obey)the rules
15, Be strict with sb/ oneself be strict
in sth 对⋯⋯严格。
16, too many “多太”修饰可数名词复数
too much “多太”修饰不可数名词
much too “在太实”修饰形容词或副词
17, make one ’ s/ the bed
18,get to, arrive in/at, reach, 到达(如果后面
接地点的副词home, here 或 there ,就
不用介词 in ,at, to )
19, remember/ forget+to do 要做
+doing 做过
20, have fun, enjoy oneself, have a good/
great/ wonderful time+V-ing
Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?
1,回答 why 的提问要用because
2,Kind of相当于副词,修饰形容词或副词,
意为“稍微,有点”,与 a little/ bit相近
A kind of意为“一种”,some kinds of意
为“几种”, all kinds of意为“各种各样的”。
这里的 kind 是“种,类,属”的意思。
3,Why not =Why don ’ t you+V
原你为什
么不⋯?
4, walk on one’ legs/ hands on 意为
“用⋯方式行走”
5,all day =the whole day 整天
6,来自 be/ come from where do they
come from? =where are they from ?
7,more than=over 超过less than 少于
8,once twice three times
9,be in great danger
10, one of⋯⋯之一+ 名词复数
11,get lost
12, with/ without有/ 没有介词
13, a symbol of
14,由⋯制造be made of 能看出原材料
be made from 看不出原材料
be made in+地点表产地
15, cut down 砍到动副结构(代词必须
放中间,名词可放中间或者后面)
Unit 6 I ’ m watching TV.
1,现在进行时
其结构为 be 的现在式(am, is, are)+ 现
在分词( V-ing)。
否定形式在 be 后面加 not,疑问式将 be 动
词提前
2,动词 -ing 形式的构成:
一般情况 +ing ;以不发音的 e 结尾的,
去e 加 ing;重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一
个辅音字母,双写辅音字母再加 ing
3, go to the movies
4, join sb for sth 与某人一起做某事
join us for dinner
5, live with sb live in+ 地点
6, other, another 与 the other
Other 其“他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,
有时 other+n 复数 =others
Another “又一(个),另一(个)”,泛指
总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后
接名词单数。
The other “两者中的)另一个(”,常与
one 连用,“ one⋯ the other 表⋯”示“一个⋯,
另一个⋯”
7, talk on the phone
8, wish to do sth
9, Here is+ n 单Here are+ n 复
Unit 7 It’ s raining!
1.询问天气的表达方式:
How’ s the weather?It ’as
raining/sunny day.It ’ s raining.
What’ s the weather like?It ’ s
windy.
2, play computer games
3, How’ s it/ everything going ? =How have
you been?
4, In/ at the park
5, Take a message for sb 替人留言
Leave a message to sb 给人留言
6, call sb back
7,right now ,right away,at once,in a
minute ,in a moment ,in no time 立刻,
马上
8, right now 现在just now 刚刚
(用于一般过去式)
9, over and over again
10, the answer to the question ,a key to
the door, a ticket to the ball game
11,by the pool
12, summer vacation
13, go on a vacation 去度假be on a
vacation 在度假
14, write ( a letter)to sb
15,反意疑问句(陈述句+附加疑问句)
反意疑问句中,陈述句用的肯定,后面
的附加疑问句就要用否定;相反,陈述句用的否定,附加疑问句就要用肯定。
16, adj 以 -ing 结尾“令人⋯的” exciting,interesting, relaxing
以-ed 结尾“人感到⋯的” excited,interested,relaxed
17,in the first picture
18,dry 干燥的humid 潮湿的
Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?
1,There is +单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语 .
There are +复数名词+地点状语.
谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致(就近原则)。
There be 句型的否定式在be后加上not 或no 即可。
注意not和no的不同:not是副词, no 为形容词,not a/an/any + n.相当于 no+ n.
There be 句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首
There be 表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have 表示“某人拥有某物 /某人”
2,问路:①Is/ Are there⋯⋯near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood?
②Where is/ are ⋯⋯?
③H ow can I get to ⋯⋯?
④C ould/Can you tell me the way
to ⋯⋯
⑤W hich is the way to ⋯⋯
3,Across,cross,through ,over
Across 是介词,“横过,在对面”表示从
物体表面穿过
Cross 是动词,相当于go/ walk across
Through 是介词,表示从物体中间或里
面穿过 go through the door
Over 是介词,“横过,越过”表示从物体
上空越过,跨过 fly over
4,ask for help/ advice
5,in/ on the street
6,在某条大街上习惯用介词 on on Bridge Street
7,across from,next to, between ⋯ and⋯,
behind
8,in front of 在⋯(外部的)前面→ behind 在⋯后面 in the front of 在⋯(内部的)前面9,be in town→ be out of town
10,be far from
11, go/ walk along go straight go up/ down
12,turn left/right
13,on one ’ s/ the left
14,at the first crossing/ turning 15 , sometimes有时(频度副词)
sometime(将来)有朝一日,(曾经)某天
Some times 几次,几倍some time
一段时间(前面用介词for )
16, free 空闲的free time
自由的as free as a fish
免费的The best things in life are
free.
17, enjoy doing
18, Time goes quickly.
19,表“一些”在肯定句中用 some. 在疑问句
和否定句中用 any。
特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到对
方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问
句中。
any 也可用于肯定句中,表示
"任何的 "。
Unit 9 What does he look like?
1,what does he look like ?询问人长什么样,
回答:①主语 +be+形容词 / 介词短语( he
is tall/ of medium height );②主语
+have/has+形容词 + 名词( she has long
hair)
what does sb like?询问某人喜欢什么
2,多个形容词修饰名词
多个形容词修饰名词,一般关系近的靠
近名词;音节少的在前,音节多的在后。
限定词 + 数词(序前基后) +描绘性形容词+大
小、长短、高低 +新旧 +颜色 +国籍 +材料
+名词
3,May be 为情态动词 +动词原形,在句子中
做谓语, maybe 是副词,表示可能,大概,一
般放在句首。
4,a little ,little 修饰不可数名词, a little 表
示一点点, little 表示几乎没有
a few,few 修饰可数名词, a few 表示一
点点, few 表示几乎没有
5, Find 强调找到的结果, look for 强调寻找
的过程 .
6,问职业: what do you do ? =what is your
job?
7,the same as→ be different
8,long straight brown hair
9,最后 in the end(表事情结局) finally(强
调次序) at last(强调经多番努力终于达成)
By the end of 直到⋯⋯为止
At the end of 在⋯⋯末端 / 尽头
Unit 10 I’ d like some noodles.
1,名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词(不
可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数)。
可数名词又分单数和复数。
○1
一般+s;2○以
-s,-x,-ch,sh 结尾的名词 +es; 3 辅音 +y,把 y
○
变i,再+es; 4 以 -o 结尾的,有生命的+es
○
(negro—negroes ; hero—heroes ;
tomato—tomatoes;potato— potatoes);无
生命的 +s;⑤以 f, fe 结尾的名词,改 f, fe
为v+es(leaf—leaves;knife—knives)(例
外: roofs, chiefs)⑥单复数同形:sheep,
deer. 不规则变化:man— men ;
woman— women;child — children;
foot — feet;tooth— teeth 等
2, would like sth.想要某物
Would you like some ⋯ ?你想要一
些⋯⋯吗?—— Yes, please./ —— No,
thanks.
would like to do sth. 想要做“某事”。
Would you like to ⋯ ? 你愿意去做⋯⋯吗?
— Yes, I d’like / love to./ — I ’ d like/ love to
But I ’ m too busy.
would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。
3,order:order food take/ have one ’ s In
order to 为了
In the order 按顺序
Order/ book a room 预定房间
Order sb( not) to do sth 命令
4, special 和 especial
Special 特别的人或事物,特别的,特殊的,
specials 特色菜; specially 专门地,特地
Especial 特别的,突出的, especially 特别,
尤其
5, the number of 表示“⋯⋯的数量”,后面接
可数名词复数。
做主语时,主语是 number 而
不是 of 后面的名词复数,因此谓语动词要用单
数;
a number of 表示“许多”,相当于many,
后面接可数名词复数,做主语时,主语不是
number 而是 of 后面的名词复数,因此谓语
动词要用复数。
Number 前可用 large,great, small 修
饰,不能用 little 。
6,仍然,还: still (肯定句)
Yet(疑问句、否定句)
7, one bowl of two bowls of
8,what size( +n)would you like ?Large/
medium/ small
9, what kind of
10,大:big 体格大、笨重→ small,little形容具体的人或物
Huge 物体体积巨大 =very big
Large 物体面积、空间、范围、数
量大→small不修饰人
Great 重大事件或行为,伟大,具
有感情色彩
11,肯定句中表并列用and否定句、疑问句中表并列用or
12,around the world= all over the world
13,make a wish 14,blow out
15,in/ at one go16,get popular 17,cut up (动副结构)
18,bring good luck to
19,different kinds of
20,be short of 缺乏
Unit 11 How was your school trip?
1,一般过去时
基本结构:主语 +动词过去式 +其他;
否定形式:① was / were + not;②在行为动词前加 didn't ,同时还原动词;
一般疑问句:① Was/Were+主语 +其他?
② Did+ 主语 +动词原形 +其他?
2,动词过去式规则变化:直接加ed;
以不发音 e 结尾的单词,直接加d;
以辅音字母 +y结尾的,变y 为 i 加
ed;以元音字母+y 结尾的,直接加
ed;以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后
的辅音字母 +ed
不规则变化的动词过去式(见书本最后一页)
3, How was your school trip?= what was your school trip like ?
4, Go for a walk
5, Milk a cow
6, Ride a horse
7, Quite a lot
8, Show sb around
9,并列谓语的时态和数必须一致。
10 , In the countryside。