英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析).

英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析).
英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析).

LESSON ONE

句子的三种模式

导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型,注意词性和词序,以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单,但至关重要。掌握好它们,在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。

▲主+系动词+表

注:*注意该结构中的名词,它们能被定语修饰。

1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher.

主语系表语主语系表语(名词)

2 他(是)很忙。He is busy.

主语系表语主语系表语(形容词)

▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。

3 她(是)在教室里。She is in the classroom.

主语系表语主语系表语(介词短

语)

▲定语只修饰名词,不破坏句子的基本结构。通常

由形容词和介词短语充当,形容词放在所修饰的名

词之前,而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后,请注

意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译

好定语的关键。

介词短语

---英国法学家波洛克

介词短语

Happiness is a station

-----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语

5

形容词介词短语

man is a teacher

介词短语形容词

6.教室里。

形容词介词短语

The teacher is handsome.

My book is

表语(介词短语)定语(介词短语)

She is

介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语,虽然它们词性相同,但由于词序不同,它们所起到的作用也不同,当在is的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。

课堂练习 1

1是

2不是我的。

3.我的家乡hometown 峡谷valley里。

4那个贼

面behind。

1. 是

is

2钱不是我的。

英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析)

LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型,注意词性和词序,以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单,但至关重要。掌握好它们,在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 其实英语只有三种基本句型 ▲主+系动词+表 词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语 即句子的用于连接主语表示主语身份、状态以及主体和表语所处的位置 词性* 名词 代词 Be (is, am, are) * 名词形容词 介词+* 名词(介词短语) 注:*注意该结构中的名词,它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语(名词) 2 他(是)很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语(形容词)▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。

3 她(是)在教室里。She is in the classroom. 主语系表语主语系表语(介词短语) ▲定语只修饰名词,不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当,形容词放在所修饰的名词之前,而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后,请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 4 幸福是太多和太少之间的一站。--- 英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness i s a station between too much and too little . -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 高个子的男人是从英国来的老师。

形容词介词短语 The tall man is a teacher from England. 介词短语形容词 6. 她在二楼的小教室里。 形容词介词短语 She is i n the small classroom on the second floor. The teacher in the classroom is handsome. My book is o n the deskin the classroom. 表语(介词短语)定语(介词短语)She is in the small classroom on t he second floor.

大学英语语法结构分析

大学英语第三册语法结构分析 (译部分) 1.发言人明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行。 The spokesman made it clear that the president would not 主谓语 Cancel (the trip) under any circumstances. 介状 2. 我们相信他所说的,因为他受过良好的教育,出身于受人尊敬的家庭,更重 要的是他为人可靠。 We believ e what he has said , because he is well-educated , comes 主谓主 from a respectable familly and what’s more , he is reliable. 3. 随后后发生的那些事件证明了我的猜疑是对的。 The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again. 谓 4. 在赛后举行的记者招待会上,这位足教练因该队表现不佳而向球迷们致歉。 At the press conference held after the game , the football coach apologized to the fans for his team’s poor performance. 5. 令我们吃惊的是,这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是一个贪官。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty tur ned out to be a corrupt official. 谓语 6. 有少数人得到了提升,在这同时却有数万个人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted , but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7. 如果有机会,约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家。 Given the chance , John might have become an outstanding painter.

英语语法大全 句子成分分析

句子成分分析 在句中起着不同语法作用的成分,叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有九种: 1、主语(subject)表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,是谓语的陈述对象; 通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任: The sun rises in the east. 日出东方。(名词) He hated to see any bird killed.他讨厌看到鸟儿被杀。(代词) To see is to believe.眼见为实。(动词不定式) Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(动名词) Where we shall hold the party is not decided yet.我们还没有决定在何处举行晚会。(主语从句) It’s human to want something better.精益求精是人类的特性。(不定式) 2、谓语动词(predicate verb)说明主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词短语担任: We study English.我们学习英语。(动词) The car broke down on the way.车在路上抛锚了。(动词短语) Do be quiet,children.孩子们,务必安静点。(助动词+连系动词) We are having a meeting now.我们现在正在开会。(助动词+实义动词) Soldiers must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。(情态动词+实义动词) 3、表语(predicative)说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语,通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任: The next stop is the zoo.下一站是动物园。(名词) The game is yours.你(们)胜了。(代词) I was first! 我第一名!(数词) I feel terrible.我难受的厉害。(形容词) Is your mother in?你妈妈在家吗?(副词) I’m with you.我站在你这一边。(介词短语) Mary’s task is to set the table.玛丽的任务是摆桌子。(动词不定式) Her hobby is growing roses.她的爱好是种植玫瑰。(动名词) The situation is puzzling.形式令人迷惑不解。(现在分词) Do you feel satisfied with the arrangement?你对这安排满意吗?(过去分词) The fact is that they are cross with each other.事实是他们生彼此的气。(表语从句) That’s where you are wrong.这就是你错的地方(表语从句) He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的他了。(表语从句) 4、宾语(object)表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语;通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任: May I have your attention ,please.请大家注意。(名词) I want a little.我要一点。(代词) I need two.我需要两个。(数词) Hope to see you soon.希望能很快见到你。(动词不定式) They risk losing everything.他们冒着失去一切的危险。(动名词) He insisted on seeing her home.他坚持送她回家。(动名词作介词的宾语) I’ll do what I can.我将尽力而为。(从句)

英语语法 句子成分分析

知识精讲 一、整体把握 成分用法说明位置 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主 体。 陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前;疑问句或倒装句 中放在动词、助动词、情态动词之后;there be结 构中放在be之后;祈使句中常省 谓语对主语加以陈述,说明主语怎 么样或是什么。必须由动词担 任,其人称和数必须和主语一 致。 通常在主语后(疑问句、倒装句除外)。 表语与系动词连用,一起构成复合 谓语,说明主语的性质、特征、 身份、类别、状态等。 常在系动词之后。 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。一般放在及物动词或介词后。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。直接宾语是人称代词,间接宾语是名词或两个宾语都是人称代词时,间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,并在间接宾语前加to或for。 定语用来修饰名词或代词,说明人 或物的状态、品质、数量及所 属等。 单个词常在被修饰的词前,短语或句子在被修饰 的词之后;副词作定语常放在被修饰的伺候;形 容词修饰不定代词放在被修饰的伺候。 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词,表 示动作发生的时间、地点、目 的、方式等。 位置比较灵活。 补语补充说明宾语或主语的成分。宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后,主语补足语通常置于主语和谓语之后。 同位语对句子中某一成分作进一步解 释、说明,与前面的被修辞成 分在语法上处于同等地位。 常常置于被说明的成分之后。有时可以放在句子 的前面(主语之前),尤其是主语为人称代词时, 为平衡句子的节奏,则把同位语放置于此代词前。 独立成分独立成分是指句子里的一个词 或词组与全局没有语法上的联 系,不属于句子的组成部分; 一般由感叹语、呼语或插入语 等担任。 可放在句首、句中或句末。 二、细讲:主语 表现形式例句

初中英语语法——句子成分精讲

一、句子成分精讲 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Y our pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot. 常见的系动词

英语语法分析句子成分分析

英语语法分析句子成分 分析 TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】

一、英语中的句子成分分析 I met my best friend Tom at the ststion yesterday. 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例: (1) Students syudy.(名词) (2)We are fridends.(代词) (3)To go to good university is his first goal.(不定式) (4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.(动名词) (5)Jane is good at playing the piano. (6)Four plus four is eight. 2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例: (1)Students study.(实意动词) (2)We are friends.(be动词) (3)We love China . (4)He can speak English.(复合谓语) 3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。 (a)He gave me some books. 间接宾语直接宾语 (b)Please pass me the book. (c)He bought me some flowers. (1)They are teachers. (3) I play with him. (2)We love watching football games. 4、宾语补足语:是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。 (1)I found the book interesting. (2)Do you smell something burning? (3)He made himself known to them. (4)She asked me to lend her a hand. 5、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。 (1)This is a red sun. (2)The black bike is mine. (3)He is a tall boy. (4)She is a chemistry teacher. (5)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher. 6、状语:是用来说明动词,形容词,副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分,常由副词担任。 (1)The students study hard. (2)I often write to him. (3)The bag is too heavy. (4)I will be back in a while. 7、表语:系动词后的部分就是表语,表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。 be(am,is,are,were,was),apear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,

经典英语语法100句

1. Education is the door to freedom. 教育是通向自由之门。[一个简单的主系结构] 2. Challenges make life interesting. 挑战使生活变得有趣。[make+…+:形容词作宾语补足语。] 3. Difficulties make life worth living. 困难让生活有价值。[make+…+介词短语:介词短语作宾语补足语。] 4. Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. 世界上没有什么可以取代坚持。[否定词作主语。Take the place of:代替。] 5. It’s impossible to defeat a person who never gives up! 打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。[动词不定式作主语,“it”为形式主语。“who”引导的定语从句修饰先行词”a person”。] 6. The most important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. 生活中最重要的事情就是有一个远大的目标,并有决心实现它。[动词不定式作表语和定语。] 7. If you can dream it, you can do it. 只要你想得到,人就做得到。[“if”引导的条件状语从句。] 8. Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更加强大。[副词比较级] 9. Deeds are more powerful than words. 行为比言语更加强大。[形容语比较级] 10. Mistakes show us what we still need to learn. 从错误中我们知道该学什么。[“what”引导的宾语从句作直接宾语。从句中动词不定式作宾语。]

英语语法句子成分分析和练习题

如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. (时光飞逝。)这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。 主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble. 他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。(从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs.(他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing 动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。

英语语法词汇句型必背佳句

高中必背句型句句经典(一线优秀教师总结) 1.With the development of economy, more and more families bought private cars, thus leading to much heavier traffic problems and more serious air pollution. 2.What is the most important is that we do not mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done. 3.It’s a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on is first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. 4.We believe we are confident and capable of overcoming the current difficulties and challenges we are faced with. In a word, all we need to do now is plan carefully and act in ways that reflect the reality to assure that we can make full use of our talent and skills. 5.You can take a horse to the water but you can’t make him drink. 强扭的瓜不甜 When everybody is somebody, then nobody is anybody.人人都伟大,世间无豪杰。 6.I love waking up in the morning and not knowing what’s going to happen, or who I’m going to meet, where I’m going to wind up. 泰坦尼克号 7.Your future depends on your dreams. So go to sleep. 加菲猫 8.Teachers are the basis of education and that the best students receive instruction from the best teachers. I t’s of great importance to train and nurture teachers, especially those from impoverished and remote rural areas. 9.what I want to stress is that a harmonious family plays a very important role in our life, therefore, it is up to every family member to contribute to the building of such a family. First of all, parents should be a role model for their children and pay more attention to their own words and behaviour. Being children of the family, we should respect and understand our parents, and share their burdens. Only in this way will our family be always harmonious. 10.In my opinion, it’s high time that our government should take measures to ban farmers from cutting down trees. Besides, various activities should be organized to make it clear that everyone is responsible for the environment. Only in this way can we have a blue day. 11.A recent survey found that walking like a happy person on purpose can lift one’s spirits, according to media report on Wednesday. Walking in a happy style makes people feel happy, while adopting the gait of a depressed person can bring on sadness. 12.when it comes to the current public transport, though it is improving, there still remains something to be done. In the first place, the government should add to the investment in the construction of transport. Additionally, it is better for the festival time to be lengthened. Last but not least, more people should be encouraged to ride home instead of driving a private car. 13.According to the information given above, there is nothing ambiguous about the serious situation and who is at fault. 14.It just can't be denied that it is the fast development that is to blame, but maybe the government should undertake the responsibility. 15.Current situation of pollution is considerably serious. Ranking among top pollution sources are vehicles, coal burning, airborne dust and so on. Reasons behind it go as follows. First of all, economic development are promoted at the expense of environment. Secondly, citizens are not aware of the significance of being careful with protecting the environment.

初中英语语法大全-句子种类

初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途,句子可分为四类: 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法,陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示:

肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时,如句中有already,some,something,somebody等词,须分别改成yet,any,anything,anybody 等。 另外,也要注意,too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。 2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时,“will you?”意为“请求”,“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句: Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句: What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句: I'm working now, aren’t I?

英语句子结构分析网站

英语句子结构分析 句子的划分 i. 根据结构划分:①简单句:s+v(主+谓) s+link-v+p(主+谓+表) s+v+o(主+谓+宾) s+v+o+o(主+谓+间宾+直宾) s+v+o+c(主+谓+宾+宾补) ②并列句 and, but, or等 ③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同) 副词从句(状语从句) 形容词从句(定语从句) ii. 根据功能划分:陈述句 疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句) 祈使句 感叹句 一.五种句型 1. i am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2. internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3. i like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4. chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。 5. we can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。 ②保持某种状态:continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay. ③看起来,好像:appear, look, seem. ④感官动词:feel, smell, sound, taste. ii. 跟双宾语的动词 1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:he lent some money to me.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等 2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。 如:mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 如:richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay. i asked john. 我问约翰 i asked a question. 我问了一个问题 i asked john a question.我问了约翰一个问题 5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to, 不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。

英语语法-句子成分分析报告及练习

英语句子成分分析 一个句子至少由两部分构成,即主语和谓语,它们是句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语(包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语),表语,定语(包括前置定语及后置定语),状语,同位语(包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语),补语。 一.主语:是一句话的中心,一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. (时光飞逝。)这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。 主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble. 他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。(从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 二.谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs.(他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing 动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。

初中英语语法句子成分

句子成分精讲 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.

英语语法基本句子结构

英语语法基本句子结构 课程名称:大学英语语法 学院:电子信息与电气工程学院 学生姓名:王磊 学号:201102010054 专业班级:自动化2011级(1)班 指导教师:李国云 2013年 6 月8 日

英语语法基本句子结构 语法是对现成语言中规则的归纳和总结,以便学习者更快模仿掌握一门外语。所以语法知识很重要,你不能用汉语的语法规则来造英语的句子,那样懂英语的人读不懂,同样不懂英语的语法规则也绝对读不懂英语短文。 不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子,一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成,这些部分叫做句子成分。 一个句子一般由两部分组成:主语部分和谓语部分。根据各个句子成分在句子中所起得作用,可分为主语、谓语或谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语等。 主语 全句述说的对象,常由名词、代词、名词性短语或分句充当,一般置于句首。下面依次举例: Walls have ears. Football is my favorite. Three plus four equals seven. 谓语或谓语动词 说明主语的动作或状态,主要一般又实义动词或者系动词担任,助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式充当,一般置于主语之后。 They should have finished their work. The chance may never come again.

注意:英语中最基本的原则就是:一句话,只能有一个谓语动词 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动名词等,不定时式也可做及物动词的宾语。下面依次举例:She refused to read that terrible book. We haven’t seen her for a long time. He needs a new dictionary. 表语 表述主语的身份、状态、特征,常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或分句充当。置于联系动词之后。联系动词一般有be,become,turn,get,grow,seem.,appear,look,sound,smell,feel 等。 My father is a professor. The milk has turned sour. Everything here is dear to her. 定语 是修饰名词或代词的词,短语或从句。作定语的有名词,形容词,数词,分词机器短语,不定式及其短语,介词短语以及定语从句等。下面依次举例:

(精心整理)英语语法结构图完整

初中英语语法网络图 一.名词 I. 名词的种类: 专有名词普通名词 国名.地名.人名,团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词 个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词 II. 名词的数: 1. 规则名词的复数形式: 名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下: 规则例词 1一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾 的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加 -es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词 以y结尾的,加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6以辅音字母加 -o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes 不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2. 不规则名词复数: 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词 1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff 5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也 可以作复数(成员) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

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