高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型，一种是推测某个生词的具体含义，是生词含义题；另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义，是代词指称题。这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。

对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题，首先要着眼单词或短语本身，分析单词或短语的构成，分析其构词法，词根词缀，派生关系等信息，推测它的大概含义。对于猜测句子的含义，有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。

有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义，但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀，特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义，而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下：

根据构词法

阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意

思。《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应

被认定为生词。

1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80

ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.

分析：anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由

此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。

2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that

more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.

分析：simplified跟simple是同根词，带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。许多年以前我

们采用了什么跟“简单”有关的汉字呢？不难想到是“简化的”汉字。

利用上下文语境线索

任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。例如：

1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”

The underlined wore “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.

A. story

B. collection

C. inspiration

D. foreign coin

分析：本题正确答案为D。由原文中的Euro（欧元，欧洲统一货币）可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。

2. In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.

Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?

A. To encourage people to raise questions.

B. To cause difficulty in understanding.

C. To provide a person with an explanation.

D. To limit people’s imagination.

分析：本题正确答案为B。从短文中对Fermat’s Last Theorem一书的介绍中有the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds一句，句中两个并列的谓语动词baffled 和beaten ,意义相同，加强语气，从beat的本意就可以猜测出baffled 为“使（某人）困惑，难倒”。

3. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.

42. The underlined word “donation” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.

A. invitation to give a speech

B. something, especially given to help others

C. questions asked by interviewers

D. chances to be a hero