发展有机肥料的意义

有机肥 Organic fertilizers
organic fertilizers?
有机无机复合肥 Organic and inorganic mixed
商品有机(类)
fertilizers
肥料
Commercial organic-
微生物有机肥 Bio-organic fertilizers
based fertilizers
目 录 Content
11.1 发展有机肥料的意义 Significance of organic fertilizer development
11.2 堆肥(商品有机肥生产)工艺与技术 Technology of composting (to produce commercial organic fertilizers)
⑦ 近5年有机类肥料企业和产量增长趋势
有机肥企业数量
有机肥产量
近5年来，我国有机类肥料企业数量增速迅猛，目前年产量已超过2000万吨
More than 3000 organic fertilizer plants that produce 20 million tons of commercial organic fertilizers annually in China now, a big industry but only about 6000 tons for each plant. Very necessary to improve the technology of organic fertilizer plants so as to increase the yields of organic fertilizers for each plant
Question: why do we need develop organic fertilizers?
(2)发展有机肥意义 Significance of development of organic fertilizers
① To produce enough foods for so large population
因此，将我国每年大量产生的固体有机废弃物转变成能 显著:改善土壤肥力、促进植物生长、防控土传病害的高附加 值有机(类)肥料，让农民能像施用化肥那样，方便地施用有 机肥料，成为我国农业生产和环境保护的巨大需求。
How to change the organic wastes into commercial organic-based fertilizers?
100
From organic fertilizers
From chemical fertilizers (%)
90
(%)
80
70
60
50
40
30 20 10
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005
图1 中国有机肥养分与无机肥养分占总养分比例变化 yea年 rs 份
2020? Or 2100?
单质化肥 Single chemical fertilizers
复合化肥 Compounded or mixed
chemical fertilizers
缓控释化肥 Slowly released or
controlled chemical fertilizers
有机肥料
Organic fertilizers
施用有机肥料 Application of organic fertilizers or organic manure---提高土壤肥力最有效的措施 The most efficient way to increase soil fertility
④ 化肥——一把双刃剑 Dialectic roles of
chemical fertilizers
能确保粮食数量，但不是质量 Ensure food security, but not food safety
过量施用化学氮肥，使植物养分供应不平衡、植物病虫容易侵 染，从而显著增加农药使用 Over application of chemical N fertilizer results in unbalance of nutrient supply, which leads to severe attack of pests and diseases. This dramatically increases application of pesticides and fungicides.
中国梦 Expected situation
种植绿肥 Green manures？保护性耕作
Conservative？
⑤ 如何培肥土壤？ How to fertile soils?
间套作
Rotation Or intercropping？ 休闲Fallow？
施用有机肥：改善土壤微生物区系、提高土壤活力、有利于形成土壤团粒结构、平衡与持续提供养分Application of organic fertilizers: Inhibiting soil acidification, improving soil microbial structure and bioactivity, promoting soil granulation, providing balanced supply of nutrients from soils
Enough foods for 1.4 billion people
Fertile soil for sustainable production of crops
Proper management of animal manures for sustainable animal production
③ 土壤Soil---- 一个国家最重要的资源 The most important resource of nation
对作物的贡献总是大于60% Contribution of more than 60% to the total yields
土壤肥力Soil fertility---实现作物产量的关键因子 A key factor in realizing the potential of crop yields
Question: What are the fertilizers? Fertilizers are the substances that can promote plant growth and improve soil fertilities
肥料 Fertilizers
化肥
Chemical fertilizers
11.5 土壤微生物区系特征与调控 Characteristics of soil microbial population and management
11.1 发展有机肥料的意义 Significance of organic fertilizer development
(1) 肥料分类 Classification of fertilizers
11.3 高附加值有机（类）肥料 High value-added organic-based fertilizers
11. 4 根际有益微生物（PGPR, SQR9）与根表形成生物膜相关的遗 传改良 Genetic improvements related to biofilm formation of PGPR, SQR9 on roots
肥 Traditiona l organic
植物和农产品加工下脚料 Wastes from plants and food processing
Fra Baidu bibliotek
fertilizers
绿肥 Green manures
Q: relationship
加be工tweencomposting
traditional and commercial
传统有机肥 Traditional organic fertilizers,
such as organic manures, crop straws
商品有机（类）肥料 Commercial
organic-based fertilizers
有机肥料 Organic fertilizers
传统有机
人、畜粪便 Wastes from humanbeing and animal
中国近60年来有机和化肥养分投入情况 Variation of the ratio of nutrients from organic and inorganic fertilizers in China
养分比例(%)
有来机自肥有养机分占 肥总养养分分的的投比入例比（%例）
无来机自肥化养分 肥占养总分养的分投的入比比例（ 例%）
② Traditional organic manures are becoming organic wastes, being disposed everywhere and thus polluting environment
Water body became into algeabody 2007 56 million tons of nutrients contained in chemical fertilizers are consumed in China (exhausting 10% of total coal and 3-5% natural gas). 60 million tons of nutrients contained in organic wastes are produced annually in China, if half into organic-based fertilizers, 20 million tons of nutrients in chemical fertilizers can be saved.
全元复合肥 Bio-organic and inorganic mixed fertilizers
有机液态肥 Organic liquid fertilizers
Question: What are the commercial organic fertilizers?
商品有机(类)肥料：含有机成分和达到国家标准 的一类肥料 Containing organic substances
⑥ 高度集约化高效农业使经济作物土传病害猖獗，施用生物有机肥 能有效防控 Soil-born diseases happen very seriously in continuously mono-cropping system, which can be efficiently controlled by application of bio-organic fertilizers