高级英语视听说上册听力原文
英语高级视听-上-听力原文-Unit1-pirates-of-the-internet
Video Script------------------------------10.25Pirates of the InternetIt’s no secret that online piracy has decimated the music industry as millions of people stopped buying CDs and started stealing their favorite songs by downloading them from the internet. Now the hign-tech thieves are coming after Hollywood. Illegal downloading of full-length feature films is a relatively new phenomenon, but it’s becoming easier and easier to do. The people running America’s movie studios know that if they don’t do som ething----and fast---they could be in the same boat as the record companies. Correspodent: “What’s really at stake for the movie industry with all this privacy?” Chernin: “Well, I think, you know, ultimately, our absolute features.” Peter Chernin runs 20th Century Fox, one of the biggest studios in Hollywood. He knows the pirates of the Internet are gaining on him. Correspont: “Do you know how many movies are being downloaded today, in one day, in the United States?” Chernin: “I think it’s probably in the h undreds of thousands, if not millions.” Correspondent: “And it’s only going to grow.” Chernin: “It’s only going to grow. Somebody can put a perfect digital copy up on the internet. A perfect digital copy, all right. And with the click of mouse, send out a million copies all over the world, in an instant.”5And it’s all free. If that takes hold, kiss Hollywood goodbye. Cherninrecently organized a “summit” between studio moguls and some high school and college kids---the people most likely to be downloading. Chernin: “And we said, ‘Let’s come up with a challenge. Let’s give them five movies, and see if they can find them online.’ And we all sat around and picked five movies, four of which hadn’t been released yet. And then we came back half an hour later. They had found all five movies that we gave them. ” Correspondent: “Even the ones that hadn’t even been released yet?” Chernin: “Even the ones that hadn’t even been released yet.” Correspondent: “Did these kids have any sense that they were stealing?” Chernin: “You know it’s… it’s a weird dichotomy. I think they know it’s stealing, and I don’t think they think it’s wrong. I think they have an attitude of, ‘It’s here.’” The Internet copy of last year’s hit Signs, starring Mel Gibson, was stolen even before director M. Night Shyamalan could organize the premiere. Correspondent: “The movie was about to be released. When did the first bootleg copy appear?”6Shyamalan: “Two weeks before it or three weeks before it. Before the Internet age, when somebody bootlegged a movie, the only outlet they had was to see it to those vendors on Times Square, where they had the boxes set up outside and they say, ‘Hey, we have Signs---it’s not even out yet.’ And you walk by and you know it’s illegal. But now, because it’s the digi tal age, you can see, like, a clean copy. It’s no longer the kind of thesleazy guy in Times Square with the box. It’s just, oh, it’s on this beautiful site, and I have to go, ‘Click.’” Correspondent: “How did those movies get on the Internet? How did that happen?” Chernin: “Through an absolute act of theft. Someone steals a print from the editor’s room; someone steals a print from the person; the composer who’s doing the music…absolute physical theft, steals a print, makes a digital copy, and uploads it.” Correspondent: “And there you go.” Digital copies like this one of The Matrix Reloaded have also been bootlegged from DVDs sent to reviewers or ad agencies, or circulated among companies that do special effects, or subtitles. Chernin: “The other way that p re-released movies end up (stolen) is that people go to … there are lots of screenings that happen in this industry… People go to those screenings with a camcorder, with a digital camcorder, sit in the back, turn the camcorder on…”Correspondent: “And record it.” This is one of those recorded-off-the-screen copies of Disney’s Pirates of the Caribbean. Not great quality, but not awful either. And while it used to take forever to download a movie, anyone with a high-speed Internet connection can now have a full-length film in an hour or two.Saaf: “Well, this is just one of many websites where basically people, hackers if you will, announce their piracy releases.” Randy Saaf runs acompany called Media Defender that helps movie studios combat online piracy. C orrespondent: “Look at this, all these new movies that I haven’t even seen yet, all here.” Saaf: “ Yep.” Correspondent: “Secondhand Lions that just came out. Sometimes I feel like I’m the only person in this country who has never downloaded anything. But maybe there is a few others of us out there. So I’m going to ask you to show us Kazaa, that’s the biggest downloading site, right?” Saaf: “Right. This is the Kazaa media desktop. Kazaa is the largest peer-to-peer network.” It’s called peer-to-peer because computer users are sharing files8with each other, with no middleman. All Kazaa does is provide the software to make that sharing possible. When we went online with Randy Saaf, nearly four million other Kazaa users were there with us, sharing every kind of digital file. Saaf: “Audio, documents, images, software, and video. If you wanted a movie, you would click on the video section, and then you would type in a search phrase. And basically what this is doing now, it is asking the people on the peer-to-peer network, ‘Who has Finding Memo’?” Within seconds, 191 computers sent an answer: “We have it.” This is Finding Memo, crisp picture and sound, downloaded free from Kazaa a month before its release for video rental or sale. If you don’t want to watch it on a little computer screen, you don’t have to. On the newest computers, you can just “burn” it onto a DVD and watch it onyour big-screen TV. And that’s a dagger pointed right at the heart of Hollywood. Chernin: “Where movies make the bulk of their money is on DVD and home videos. 50 percent of the revenues for any movie come out of home video…” Correspondent: “15 percent?” Chernin: “50 percent so that if piracy occurs and it wipes out your home video profits or ultimately your television profits, you are out9of business. No movies will get made.” Even if movies did get made, Night Shyamalan says that wouldn’t be any good, because profits would be negligible, so budgets would shrink dramatically. Shyamalan: “And slowly it will degrade what’s possible in that art form.” Rosso: “Technology always wins. Always. You can’t shut it down.” Wayne Rosso is Hollywood’s enemy. They call him a pirate, but officially he’s the president of Grokster, another peer-to-peer network that works just like Kazaa. Correspondent: “Ok,I have downloaded your softwar e.” Rosso: “Right.” Correspondent: “Ok, did I pay to do that?” Rosso: “No, it’s free.” Correspondent: “So who pays you? How do you make money?” Rosso: “We’re like radio. We are advertising-supported.” Correspondent: “And how many people use Grokster?” Rosso: “Ten million.” Correspondent: “Ten million people have used it.” Rosso: “A month.” Correspondent: “Every month, ten million people?” Rosso: “Uh-huh, uh-huh. And growing.”10Correspondent: “Use it to download music, movies, software, video games, what else?” Rosso: “I will assume. See, we have no way of knowing what people are downloading.” Correspondent: “That’s just a fig leaf. You are facilitating, allowing, helping people steal.” Rosso: “We have no idea what the content is, and whatever it is…” Correspondent: “Well, you may not know the specifics, but you know that’s what your site…” Rosso: “And we can’t stop it. We have no control over it.” Correspondent: “But you are there for that purpose, that is why you exist, of co urse it is.” Rosso: “No, no, no, no, no, no.” Correspondent: “Come on, this is the fig leaf part.” Rosso: “No, no, no, no, no.” Shyamalan:“He is totally conformable with putting on his site a stolen piece of material. Am I wrong in that? If my movie was bootlegged, he’d be totally comfortable putting it on his site?” Correspondent: “Because I have nothing to do with it.” Shyamalan:“Yeah, right.” Correspondent: “Because I just provided the software.” Shyamalan:“Yeah, right. So, immediately, how can you ever have a11conversation with him? Because he’s taken a stolen material and he is totally fine with passing it around in his house. All these, all these are illegal activities. So, I’m not, it’s just my house, I’m not doing anything wrong.” But it is Rosso w ho has the law on his side. A federal judge hasruled that Grokster and other file-swapping networks are not liable for what their downloaders are doing. Rosso: “So we are completely legal, and unfortunately this is something the entertainment industry refuses to accept. They seem to think the judge’s decision was nothing but a typo.” The studios are appealing that court ruling. And they may follow the music industry and begin to sue individuals who download movies. And they are fighting the pirates in other ways, with ads about people whose jobs are at risk because of the piracy---people like the carpenters and painters who work on film sets. At the same time, Hollywood is trying to keep copies of movies from leaking in the first place. Chernin: “ You will very seldom go to an early screening of a movie right now where, probably you don’t notice until you pay attention, someone’s not in the front of that auditorium with infrared binoculars looking for somebody with a camcorder.”12And once a movie is released, or copies do begin to leak, the studios hire people like Randy Saaf to hack the hackers. Saaf: “What we’re just trying to do is make the actual pirated content difficult to find. And the way we do that is by, you know, serving up fake files.” It’s called “spoofing.” Saaf and his employees spend their days on Kazaa and Grokster, offering up thousands of files that look like copies of new movies, but aren’t. Correspondent: “So if I had clicked on any number of those FindingNemo offerings, I could have clicked on one of yours, or somebody like you. And what would I have found after my hour and a half of downloading?” Saaf: “it might just be a blank screen or something. You know, typically speaking, what we push out is just not the real content.” Correspond ent: “What you are trying to do is make this so impossible, so infuriating that people will just throw up their hands and say it’s just easier for me to go rent this thing, buy the DVD or whatever, it’s just easier.” Saaf: “Right.” Correspondent: “That’s your goal.” Saaf：：“Right.”13Correspondent: “Does that work? Is that a good idea?” Rosso: “No. It doesn’t work. I mean I don’t blame them but it doesn’t work because what happens is that the community cleanses itself of the spoofs.” He means that downloaders quickly spread the word online about how to tell the fake movie files from the real thing. Correspondent: “It’s like an arms race(军备竞赛）, isn’t it?” Chernin: “That’s exactly what it’s like. It’s like an arms race. There will be, you know, they’re gonna get a step ahead. We’re gonna try and get that step back.” Rosso: “But I’ll tell you one thing: I’ll bet on the hackers.” Correspondent: “That they will break whatever…” Rosso: “The studios come up with.” Correspondent: “The companies throw at them.”Hollywood knows that downloading off the Internet is the way millionsof consumers want to get their entertainment---and that isn’t going away. Chernin: “The generally accepted estimate is that more that 60 million Americans have downloaded file-sharing softwa re onto their computers.” Correspondent: “60 million.”14Chernin: “At 60 million Americans, that’s a mainstream product. That’s not a bunch of college kids or, you know, a bunch of computer geeks. That’s America.” So, instead of trying to stop it entirely, the studios are looking for ways to embrace it, but get paid too. Wayne Rosso says the best way is to negotiate some kinds of licensing deal with him. Rosso: “If the movie industry acts now and starts exploring alternatives and solutions with guys like m e, hopefully they won’t have a problem.” Correspondent: “What if they try to buy you?” Rosso: “I’d sell it in al heartbeat.” Correspondent: “You would sell, Grokster would sell to a movie studio?” Rosso: “Sure, call me.” The idea of making deals with what Peter Chernin calls “a bunch of crooks” doesn’t appeal to Hollywood. Instead, Fox and other studios have just launched their own site, Movielink, where consumers can download a film for a modest fee, between three and five dollars. Chernin: “I think you wo uld love the idea that you don’t have to go to the video store. You can do this. And that’s what we’re working15on. But in order for that to be effective, we have to stop privacy, because the most effective business model in the world can’t compete with free.” Not that Peter Chernin is interested, but he won’t have the chance to buy Grokster, at least not from Wayne Rosso. A few days ago, Rosso announced that he is leaving Grokster to take over as president of another file-swapping software company, this one based in Spain. Grokster will continue under new management.Key to the exercises Task I Global Listening1. C2. C.3. D .4. D5. A6. B.7. B8. CTask II Episode 1 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T Listen for DetailsEpisode 2 1 2 3Episode 3 (1) technology always wins (2) software (4) radio(3) advertising supported (5) Ten million people(6) music (8) not liable for (10) control (12) facilitating (14) comfortable(7) video games (9) typo (11) fig leaf (13) stealEpisode 41. Following the music industry and begin to sue individuals who download movies.2. Airing ads about people whose jobs are at risk because of piracy.3. Keeping copies of movies from leaking in the first place.4. Hiring people to hack the hackers/serve up thousands of fake copies ofnew movies.Episode 51. Downloading off the Internet.2. 60 million3. Embrace it and get paid too.4. A bunch of crooks.5. 3-5 dolloars.6. Stopping piracy.。
上外版英语高级听力测试(上册)听力原文
上外版英语高级听力测试(上册)听力原文以下是上外版英语高级听力测试(上册)的听力原文：1. Conversation 1Speaker A: Could you help me with the assignment? I'm not sure how to start.Speaker B: Sure, what do you need assistance with?Speaker A: I am having trouble understanding the essay prompt. It seems vague to me.Speaker B: Let's take a look. Hmm, I see what you mean. It asks you to analyze the effects of globalization on the economy. Maybe we can break it down into smaller parts.Speaker A: That might help. Could you guide me on how to approach this topic?Speaker B: Of course. We can start by defining globalization and then discuss its impact on various sectors of the economy.2. Conversation 2Speaker B: Yes, I did. I'm considering applying for it. What do you think?Speaker B: That's true. However, I'm not sure if I meet all the qualifications listed in the job description.Speaker A: Don't let that discourage you. Sometimes job descriptions are more like wish lists. Your skills and experience might still be a good fit.Speaker B: You're right. I will give it a shot and see what happens.3. LectureGood morning, everyone. Today, we will be discussing the topic of climate change. As we all know, climate change is a pressing issue affecting our planet. It refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other aspects of the Earth's climate system.There are several factors contributing to climate change, including human activities such as deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and industrial processes. These activities release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap heat and lead to a rise in global temperatures.The consequences of climate change are far-reaching. They include melting ice caps, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and disruptions to ecosystems. It is essential for us to take action to mitigate the effects of climate change and work towards more sustainable practices.Thank you for your attention. That concludes today's lecture on climate change.。
新标准视听说1 听力原文
新标准视听说1 听力原文Unit 1。
Part A。
1. W: Excuse me, what’s your name?M: My name is Tom. Nice to meet you.2. W: What’s this in English?M: It’s a map.3. W: Is this your pencil?M: No, it isn’t. It’s my eraser.4. W: What’s her name?M: Her name is Linda.5. W: Is that your bag?M: No, it isn’t. It’s my sister’s.Part B。
1. M: Excuse me, are you a new student?W: Yes, I am. My name is Alice.2. M: What’s this in English?W: It’s a book.3. M: Is this your pen?W: No, it isn’t. It’s my friend’s.4. M: What’s her name?W: Her name is Mary.5. M: Is that your ruler?W: No, it isn’t. It’s my brother’s. Unit 2。
Part A。
1. W: What’s your telephone number? M: It’s 123-4567.2. W: How do you spell your name?M: M-I-K-E.3. W: What’s your father’s job?M: He’s a teacher.4. W: How old are you?M: I’m twelve years old.5. W: What’s your favorite subject? M: My favorite subject is English. Part B。
新标准视听说1听力原文
新标准视听说1听力原文Unit 1。
Part A。
1. M: Good morning, Mrs. Smith. How are you today?W: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. I'm fine, thank you. And you?M: Not bad, thank you.2. W: Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest post office is?M: Sure. Go straight ahead and turn left at the second traffic light. It's on your right. W: Thank you very much.3. M: What's your favorite sport, Linda?W: I like swimming. It's good for my health and I enjoy it.M: That's great. I like swimming, too.4. W: What's the weather like in Beijing today?M: It's sunny and warm. A perfect day for outdoor activities.W: That sounds nice. I wish I could be there.5. M: How do you usually go to work, Mary?W: I usually take the subway. It's fast and convenient.M: I see. I prefer riding a bike. It's good for the environment.Part B。
上外版英语高级视听说上册听力原文.doc
Unit 1Pirates of the InternetIt’s no secret that online piracy has decimated the music industry as millions of people stopped buying CDs and started stealing their favorite songs by downloading them from the internet. Now the hign-tech thieves are coming after Hollywood. Illegal downloading of full-length feature films is a relatively new phenomenon, but it’s becoming easier and easier to do. The people running America’s movie studios know that if they don’t do something----and fast---they could be in the same boat as the record companies. Correspodent: “What’s really at stake for the movie industry with all this privacy?” Chernin: “Well, I think, you know, ultimately, our absolute features.” Peter Chernin runs 20th Century Fox, one of the biggest studios in Hollywood. He knows the pirates of the Internet are gaining on him. Correspont: “Do you know how many movies are being downloaded today, in one day, in the United States?” Chernin: “I think it’s probably in the hundreds of thousands, if not millions.” Correspondent: “And it’s only going to grow.” Chernin: “It’s only going to grow. √Somebody can put a perfect digital copy up on the internet. A perfect digital copy, all right. And with the click of mouse, send out a million copies all over the world, in an instant.”5And it’s all free. If that takes hold, kiss Hollywood goodbye. Chernin recently organized a “summit” between studio moguls and some highschool and college kids---the people most likely to be downloading. Chernin: “And we said, ‘Let’s come up with a challenge. Let’s give them five movies, and see if they can find them online.’ And we all sat around and picked five movies, four of which hadn’t been released yet. And then we came back half an hour later. They had found all five movies that we gav e them. ” Correspondent: “Even the ones that hadn’t even been released yet?” Chernin: “Even the ones that hadn’t even been released yet.” Correspondent: “Did these kids have any sense that they were stealing?” Chernin: “You know it’s… it’s a weird dichotom y. I think they know it’s stealing, and I don’t think they think it’s wrong. I think they have an attitude of, ‘It’s here.’” The Internet copy of last year’s hit Signs, starring Mel Gibson, was stolen even before director M. Night Shyamalan could organize the premiere. Correspondent: “The movie was about to be released. When did the first bootleg copy appear?”6Shyamalan: “Two weeks before it or three weeks before it. Before the Internet age, when somebody bootlegged a movie, the only outlet they had was to see it to those vendors on Times Square, where they had the boxes set up outside and they say, ‘Hey, we have Signs---it’s not even out yet.’ And you walk by and you know it’s illegal. But now, because it’s the digital age, you can see, like, a clean copy. It’s no longer the kind of the sleazy guy in Times Square with the box. It’s just, oh, it’s on this。
视听说1听力原文
Lesson 1Audio studioSteve Jobs is the co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc. and former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios. He is the largest individual shareholder in Walt Disney. His name is associated with innovative products like the iPod, iPhone and iTunes. He is a much respected corporate leader whose management style is studied worldwide. His attention to design, function and style has won him millions of fans.Jobs was born in San Francisco in 1955. He became interested in computers when he was a teenager. In 1974, he got a job as a technician at the video game maker Atari. He saved enough money to backpack around India and then returned to Atari.Jobs and Wozniak founded Apple in 1976. Jobs guided Apple to become a major player in the digital revolution. The introduction of the iMac and other cutting-edge products made it a powerful brand with a loyal following. Jobs also enjoyed considerable success at Pixar. He created Oscar-winning movies such as Toy Story and Finding Nemo.In 2004, Jobs was diagnosed with a cancer. In April 2009, he underwent a liver transplant and his prognosis was “excellent.”His advice to aspiring young entrepreneurs is: “Y ou’ve got to find what you love.”Lesson 2Audio studioMaking the transition from high school to college life can be difficult. It is easy to become discouraged, overwhelmed and homesick. Here are a few tips that will make the transition to college life a little easier.Y ou Are in Charge of Y our TimeAlong with your newfound freedom at college comes responsibility. Being responsible involves being able to manage your time. Using a planner to help you stay organized is highly recommended. Y ou should also try to plan your coursework in advance, so you can determine what extracurricular activities you will have time for.It’s Important to Keep an Open MindWhen you first move to college, you’re going to be in a new place, handling new situations. So you need to keep an open mind. College isn’t just about learning facts and theories from textbooks.A large part of college involves learning how to be an adult.Home Is Only a Phone Call or Instant Message AwayIf going away to college is the first time you’ve been away from home for a long period of time, it’s natural to feel homesick. Don’t be pessimistic. And if things get too bad, home is only a phone call or instant message away.Unit 2Lesson 1Audio studioSearching the Internet may help middle-aged and older adults keep their memories sharp, according to a recent study. Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, recorded the brain activity of people searching the Web and found that those with experience of the Internet used more of their brain during their searches. This suggests that simply searching the Internet has the effect of training the brain and keeping it active and healthy. Many studies have found that challenging mental activities such as puzzles can help preserve brain function, but few havelooked at what role the Internet might play. According to Dr Gary Small, a UCLA expert on ageing, this is the first time anyone has simulated an Internet search task while scanning the brain. Dr Small’s team studied 24 normal volunteers between the ages of 55 and 76. Half were experienced at searching the Internet and the other half had no Web experience. Both groups were asked to do Internet searches and book reading tasks while their brain activity was monitored. The team found that people who are familiar with the Internet can engage at a much deeper level of brain activity.Lesson 2Audio studioAt the dawn of the digital age, many believed that the Internet, e-mail, blogs and interactive video games would produce a generation of more intellectually sophisticated children. The terms “information superhighway” and “knowledge economy” ente red the dictionary, and it was assumed that teens would use their knowledge and understanding of technology to blaze a trail as the pioneers of this new digital age. That was the promise. But the enlightenment didn’t happen. The technology that was supposed to make young adults more intelligent, diversify their tastes and improve their verbal skills has had the opposite effect. According to recent reports, most young people in the United States do not read literature, visit museums or vote. They cannot explain basic scientific methods, recount basic American history, name their local political representatives or locate Iraq or Israel on a map. The Dumbest Generation, written by Mark Bauerlein, is a startling indictment of the intellectual life of young adults and a timely warning of its consequences for American culture and democracy.Unit 4Lesson 1Audio studioPaying for college in the US is about to get harder. Starting in July 2007, interest rates on new student loans will rise to 6.8 %, from today’s r ate of 4.7 %. And interest rates on new loans that parents take out called PLUS loans will rise to 8. 5%. The bottom line is that getting your degree is becoming even more expensive.On a $20,000 loan, students will be paying about $2,500 more over the life of the loan just in interest payments. And parents will have to put up $3,000 more.This is going to prevent a lot of young adults from living independently once they leave school. Many will be unable to pay off their credit card debt. Parents are also going to feel the pain because they will have to support their children for much longer, with the result that they may have to defer their own retirement.Lesson 2Audio studioThe financial aid package has just arrived in the mail from your dream school but with a slight problem－it’s still not enough. Where are you going to find the extra?One of the most common ways of paying for college is through scholarships and grants. Scholarships are usually awarded to students based on academic achievement or merit, while grants are usually based on other considerations, such as geographical location or financial need. Both are considered “gift aid” and do not have to be paid back after graduation. Another way topay for college is through federal loans, which often come in association with grants, scholarships and other aid that an institution awards potential students for a given academic year. Repayment of these loans does not begin until six months after the student has graduated or left school. If there’s nowhere else to turn, students can contact the college or university’s financial aid office. They will usually then be assigned a specific financial aid counselor to help them with their concerns or to secure additional resources to enable them to finance their college education. A college education should not be put on hold due to funding problems. However reluctant students and their parents may be to get into debt in order to finance higher education, they will surely find that it turns out to be an investment that pays off when the student enters the professional world and starts a career.Unit 5Lesson 1Audio studioAnimation is the art of creating a sequence of drawings, each so slightly different that, when filmed and run through a projector at 24 frames per second, the figures seem to move.Early animations, which started appearing before 1910, consisted of simple drawings photographed one at a time. It was extremely labor intensive as there were literally hundreds of drawings per minute of film.Walt Disney took animation to a new level. He was the first animator to add sound to his movie cartoons with the premiére of Steamboat Willie in 1928. In 1937, he produced the first full length animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.With the introduction of computers, animation took on a whole new dimension. Many feature films of today have had animation incorporated into them for special effects. A film like Star Wars by George Lucas relies heavily on computer animation for many of its special effects. Toy Story, produced by Walt Disney Productions and Pixar Animation Studios, became the first full length feature film animated entirely on computers when it was released in 1995.With the advent of personal computers, it has now also become possible for the average person to create animations.Lesson 2Audio studioThe rapid advance of technology has made computer animation widely available to the masses and turned animation into one of the fastest growing industries in modern times. The demand for animated entertainment has expanded with the increase in broadcasting hours by cable and satellite TV along with the growing popularity of the Internet. In the past, animation series were aimed at children aged nine and below. In recent years, however, TV stations have been producing animation series for teenagers, adults and the whole family. Animation series like The Simpsons and King of the Hill have been successfully aired on prime time TV.Major markets include the United States, Canada, Japan, France, Britain and Germany. Licensing operations for T-shirts, caps and other items have also been a major source of revenue for animation companies. In Japan, several successful computer games such as Pokemon and Detective Conan have been transformed into animated series. More broadly speaking, animation is increasingly used in video games, and movies are also increasingly reliant on animation and computer graphics special effects.Another key trend we are witnessing is the outsourcing of animation to Asia, especially by NorthAmerican film and television program producers. The major factor behind this shift continues to be the availability of powerful computer animation platforms and much lower labor costs compared to North America and Europe. The bulk of the outsourcing is for 2D animation, with some for 3D as well.Unit 7Lesson 1AudioGood communication is the foundation of successful relationships, both personal and professional. But we communicate with much more than words. In fact, research shows thatmost of our communication is nonverbal. Nonverbal communication, or body language, includes facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture and even tone of voice. Much of the nonverbal information we receive from people comes from their eyes. This explains why it’s often hard to infer meaning from a telephone call or written words.The ability to understand and use nonverbal communication is a powerful tool that will help you connect with others, express what you really mean, deal with challenging situations and build better relationships at home and at work. When we interact with others, we continuously give and receive countless wordless signals. All our nonverbal behavior — the gestures we make, the way we sit, how fast or how loudly we talk, how close we stand, how much eye contact we make —send strong messages. The ways you listen, look, move, and react tell the other person whether or not you care and how well you’re listening. The nonverbal signals you send either produce a sense of interest, trust and desire to communicate or they generate disinterest, distrust and confusion.Lesson 2Audio studioWhen you remain silent, you may still be communicating. It is true that you may not wish to say anything. But your very silence may reveal a wish to be left alone or to stay uninvolved, which is the message which, consciously or subconsciously, you want to send. So it has rightly been said that, while we speak with our vocal organs, we converse with our whole body. All of us communicate with one another nonverbally as well as with words. Sometimes we know what we’re doing, such as when we give a thumbs-up sign to indicate that we approve. But most of the time we’re not aware of what we’re doing. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away, shift uneasily in a chair. We assume that these actions are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensible as language itself. They conclude that there is a whole range of body language, including the ways we move, the gestures we employ, the postures we adopt, the facial expressions we wear, the direction of our gaze, the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand from each other.Unit 8Lesson 1Audio studioEverybody feels down for a day or two. This sadness is a natural part of being human and feeling this way for a few days is normal. But if these feelings last for more than a couple of weeks andyou start noticing that it’s affecting your life in a big way, you may be suffering from an illness called depression.Depression, also known as clinical depression, is a mood disorder that will affect one in eight people at some point in their lives. It changes the way people feel, leaving them with mental and physical symptoms for long periods of time. Depression can be triggered by a life-changing event such as the loss of a job, the end of a relationship or the loss of a loved one, or other life stresses like a major deadline, moving to a new city or having a baby. While depression can affect anyone, at any time, it does seem to strike most often when a person is going through changes — changes like the loss of a loved one, starting university or the onset of an illness. One of the most important things to remember is that people who have it can’t just “snap out of it” or make it go away. It’s a real illness, and the leading cause of suicide.Lesson 2Audio studioMore than 16 million young people attend colleges and universities in the United States. According to the Suicide Prevention Resource Center, a fifth of college students experience a mental illness, and more and more students arrive on campus having received mental health services before starting their college careers. Also, increasing numbers of students are seeking help for emotional problems that occur after they arrive at college.College-age adults are especially vulnerable to mental health problems, in part because many mental health issues first emerge in the late teens or early 20s. Overall, an estimated 27 percent of young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 have diagnosable mental health problems.According to a study of college freshmen, their feelings about their physical and emotional health hit record lows in 2001. For example, the percentage of freshmen who reported feeling that there was a very good chance they would seek personal counseling while attending college reached 6.6 percent. More than 35 percent of first-year female students reported feeling frequently overwhelmedby what they had to do, as did nearly 20 percent of first-year male students.。
视听说英语第一章 听力原文
Uint1III. Listening InScriptM: Tell me your secret. You‘re suddenly getting excellent marks in every subject, and you used to be a bottom-of –class student just like me.W:Simple enough. I read an article in a scientific journal that studying with remembering, based on recent research into the brain.M: Aw, that stuff‘s old hat: study at the same time every day, be sure your clothes are comfortable, and make sure you have enough light, blah-blah-blah.W: Not so fast, wise guy. I‘m talking about principles like ―Mental Visualization‖, creating a picture in your mind of what is to be remembered.M: Ok, that dies sound different. Id ―Association‖a principle—you know, you connect what you want to remember with something you‘re familiar with?W: Right on! ‗Consolidation‖is another. I review my notes right after class and consolidate—or absorb—the new material into what I‘ve already learned.M: You‘re moving ahead fast with those principles. I swear this weekend I‘m going to study sixteen hours a day both Saturday and Sunday.W: Whoa, big guy. That‘s not the way. Follow the principle of ―Distributes Practice‖.Shorter study sessions distributes over several days are better.M: That system is all very well for you; you‘ve got a good memory. But what about me? I‘ve got a memory like a sieve.W: You‘re too modest. There‘s nothing wrong with your memory. But memory is likea muscle; it needs exercise. And don‘t forget it.While the man is wondering why the woman is suddenly getting excellent marks, she says she read an article on studying and remembering. It talks about principles like ―Mental Visualization‖, that is, creating a picture in one‘s mind of what is to be remembered. This reminds the man of the principle of ―Association‖, which means connecting what one wants to remember with something one is familiar with. Then the woman adds the principle of ―Consolidation‖, or reviewing one‘s notes after class and absorbing the new materia l into what one has already learned. When the man promise to study sixteen hours a day, the woman recommends the principle of ―Distributed Practice‖, which favors shorter study sessions distributed over several days. Finally, the woman tells the man that memory is like a muscle, and that it needs exercise.Task 2: You forget my toast!ScriptAn 80-year-old couple was having problems remembering things, so they decide to go to their doctor to see what was wrong with them. They explained to the doctor about the problems they were having with their memory. After checking the couple over, the doctor told them that they were physically okay but might need to start writing things down to help them remember. The couple thanked the doctor and left.Later that night while watching TV, the old woman said to the old man, ―Honey, will you please go to the kitchen and get me a dish of ice cream?‖Before the man left, she added, ―Why don‘t you write that down so you won‘t forget?‖―Nonsense,‖ said the husband, ―I can remember a dish of ice cream!‖―Well,‖ said the wife, ―I‘d like some strawberries on it. You‘d better write that down because I know your memory is failing.‖―Don‘t be silly,‖ replied the husband. ―There‘re only two things: a dish of ice cream and some strawberries. I can surely remember that!‖With that, he rushed into the kitchen. After about twenty minutes he returned from the kitchen and handed her a plate of bacon and eggs.The wife took one look at the plate, glanced up at her husband, and said, ―Hey, you forget the toast!‖Keys: FTFFFTask3: Memory-Improving TechniquesScriptThere are many techniques you can use to improve your memory. Some of them are introduced her.First and foremost, you need to stimulate your memory all the time. To put it simply, you should use your memory as much as possible. It is especially important to try to learn something new. If you work in an office, learn to dance; if you are a dancer, learn to deal with a computer, if you work with sales, and learn to play chess; if you are a programmer, learn to paint. These added activities stimulate the brain so that I t continues to function.Older people need to pay attention to things they are dealing with. Don‘t try to memorize everything that catches your attention; focus on what you consider important. For example, you can take any object such as a pen and concentrate on it. Think on its various characteristics: its material, its function, its color, and so on. Don‘t allow any other thought to occupy your mind while you are concentrating in that pen.Another method that can be used is to relax yourself. It is impossible to remember things if you are tense or nervous.So, try holding your breath for ten seconds, and then release it slowly.Association is also a powerful tool to develop your memory. For example, if you cannot remember a person‘s name, you can think about a special feature of his face and then link it with his mane.1.What‘s seems to be an especially important way to stimulate one‘s memory?2.What seems to be the best way to focus your memory?3.How can you concentrate on a pen?4.How can you relax yourself according to the passage?5.What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1A 2.C3. D 4.B 5.D。
视听说听力原文lesson1-13
Lesson 1 NapoleonToday, I ' m going to talk to you about one of the most important historical figures in European history: Napoleon Bonaparte. Let by talking about his early life. Napoleon was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon was not a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and military science. When he was 16 years old,he joined the French army. In that year 1785,he began the military career that would bring him fame ,power,riches and finally defeat. Napoleon became a general in the French army at the young age of 24. Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804, at the age of 35,he became the first emperor of the France.Napoleon was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for him. As a result, N.won many military victories. At one time he controlled most of Europe, but some countries, including England, Russia, and Austria fought fiercely against him. His defeat —“ his end ” came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army.The great French conqueror died alone -deserted by his family and friends in 1821. Napole on was only 51 years old whe n he died.Less on 2 PompeiiThe lecture for this class is about the city of Pompeii. A n atural disaster occurred there almost 2000 years ago.Today many rich people who live in large metropolitan areas such asBeiji ng, Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city no ise and heat.2,000 years ago, wealthy Roma ns did the same thin g.They left the city of Rome in the summer. Many of these wealthy Roma ns spe nt their summers in the city of Pompeii, a beautiful city, located on the Bay of Naples.In the summer of the year 79 C.E., a young Roma n boy who later became a very famous Roman historian was visiting his uncle in P.. The boy n ame was Pli ny the Youn ger. One day Pli ny was look ing up at the sky.He saw a frighte ning sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose high into the sky. What Pliny saw was the eruption of the volca no called Mount Vesuvius.Rock and ash flew through the air. The city of P . was at the foot of Mt. V.. When the volcano first erupted, manypeople were able to get out of the city and to escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortun ately, there was not eno ugh time for every one to escape. More tha n 2,000 people died. These uni ucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash.The eruption lasted for about 3 days. When the eruption was over, P . was buried under 20 feet of volca nic rock and ash. The city of P . was forgotte n for almost 1,700 years. In the year of 1748 an Italian farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digg ing, he un covered a part of a wall of the an cie nt city of P.. Soon archaeologists bega n to dig in the area. As time went by, much of the ancient city of P. was uncovered. Today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the famous city of Pompeii.Lesson 4 Roller CoasterLet's talk about the physics involved in a ride on a roller coaster. I'm sure many of you have take n a ride on a roller coaster. A simple roller coaster con sists of a frame with a track on it. The track is very much like a train track, this track goes over a series of hills and around curves. It follows a path that ends at the same place it started. A train of carstravels around on this track, very fast. The cars have two sets of wheels. One set of wheels rolls on top of the track, and the others set of wheels rolls below the track. The wheels below the track keep the fast moving cars from coming off the track, roller coaster cars as you probably know don't have any motors or engines. Instead, a chain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepy staff hill, this is how the ride begins. Then, at the top of the hill the chain comes off the cars and gravity takes over. gravity pushes the cars down the other side of the hill. the taller and steeper the first hill is, the faster the ride will be. And the farther the cars will travel. as the cars rolled downhill they gained speed. the cars have enough speed and energy to send them up the next hill. as the cars near the top of the second hill they begin to slow down. but then, the cars reached the top of that hill, and start down the other side. gravity again pushes them toward the ground. this process repeats on each hale. Okay, so let's go over this process again. first, the cars are pulled by a chain up the first highest hill. then they go down a very steep slope, at this point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. when they reached the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to climb the next hill, the roller coaster cars lose energy as the ride continues. so, the hills have to be smaller toward the end of the track, finally we roll to a stop on ground level right where we began.Lesson 5 Language: How Children Acquire TheirsWhat I 'lie to talk to you about today is the topic of child Ian guage development. I know that you all are trying to develop a second Ianguage, but for a moment, let ' s think about a related topic, and that is:How childre n develop their first Ian guageWhat do we know about how babies develop their Ianguage and com muni cati on ability? Well, we know babies are able to com muni cate as soon as they are born,even before they learn to speak their firstIan guage. At first, they com muni cate by crying. This crying lets thei parents know when they are hungry, or unhappy, or uncomfortable. However, they soon begi n the process of acquiri ng their Ian guage. The first state of Ianguage acquisition begins just a few weeks after birth. At this stage, babies start to make cooing no ises whe n they are happy. Then, around four mon ths of age they beg in to babble. Babies all over the world beg in to babble around the same age, and they all beg in to make the same kinds of babbli ng no ises. Now, by the time they are ten mon ths old, however, the babbling of babies from different Ianguage backgro unds sounds differe nt. For example, the babbli ng of a baby in a Chin ese-speak ing home sounds differe nt from the babbli ng of a baby in an English-speaking home. Babies begin a new stage of Ianguage developme nt when they beg in to speak their first words. At first, they invent their own words for things. For example, a baby in an English-speaking home may say —baba II for the word —bottle II or —kiki II for —cat. I In the n ext few mon ths, babies will acquire a lot of words. These words are usually the names of things that are in the baby's en vir onment, words for food or toys, for example. They will begi n to use these words to com muni cate with others. For example, if a baby holds up an empty juice bottle and then says —juice, I to his father the baby seems to be saying, —I want more juice, Daddy II or —May I have more juice, Daddy? I This word — juice II is really a one-word senten ce.Now, the n ext stage of Ian guage acquisiti on begi ns around the age of 18 mon ths, whe n the babies begi n to say two-word senten ces. They begi n to use a kind of grammar to put these words together. The speech they produce is called —telegraphic I speech because the babies omit al but themost essential words. An English-speaking child might say something like —Daddy, up II which actually could mean —Daddy, pick me up, please.I Then, betwee n two and three years of age, young childre n beg in to lear n more and more grammar. For example, they begi n to use the past tense of verbs. The childre n beg in to say things such as —I walked home II and —I kissed Mommy. II They also beg in to overgeneralize this new grammar rule and make a log of grammar mistakes. For example, children often say such thins as —I goed to bed II in stead of — I went to bed, I or — I eated ice cream II in stead of —I ate ice cream. I In other words, the children have learned the past tense rule for regular verbs such as —walk II and —kiss, I but they haven' t learned that they cannot use this rule for all verbs. Some verbs like —eat II are irregular, and the past tense forms for irregular verbs must be lear ned in dividually. Any way, these mistakes are no rmal, and the childre n will soon lear n to use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs correctly. The children then continue to learn other grammatical structures in the same way.If we stop to think about it, actually it ' s quite amazing how quickly ba and childre n all over the world lear n their Ian guage and how similar the process is for babies all over the world.Do you remember any thi ng about how you lear ned your first Ian guageWhat was your first word? Was it ——mama II or maybe ——papa I ?Now think also about the process of learning English as a second Ianguage. Can you remember the first word you learned in English? I doubt that it was ——mama. II Now, think about some of the similarities and differences invoIved in the processes of child and adult Ianguage learning. We' ll talk about some similarities and differences in the first and sec ond Ianguage lear ning processes tomorrow. See you the n.Lesson 7 RobotsWhe n people thi nk about a robot, they ofte n picture a machi ne that look s something like a human being. However, tha' not always the case. Mo st robots do not look much like a human being at all, they look like machi nes becausethat 'what most of them are- in dustrial machi nes.Today, ' m oing to talk mostly about in dustrial robots used in in dustry. These are robots that do work that for huma ns would be physically dema nding, repetitive, dan gerous or very bori ng. Most in dustrial robots work on in an assembly line in a factory. For example, a robot might put liz on j ars of fruits or start boxesfor shaping. In a car factory, robotic arms on an assembly line join the parts of a car together; other robots tighten the bo atson the car 'w h eelsor paint the car. There are thousands of robots put ting cars together in ______ pla n. These robots are very precise whe n repeat ing a task. For example, they always tighten boats with the same exact a mount of force. They always move a heavy engine to exactly where it sho uld be and they always put ahold in the exact same place in every car do or hour after hour. These are examples of robots doing the work humans could do but the robots are doing the work more efficiently and preciselySo, just how do robots work? To do its job a robot first needs a control s ystem. This control system directs the robots mechanical parts. The contr ol system of a robot is sort of speak--a robot brain. So how does a robot l earn which action to do first and which of its moving part needs to do th at action?A robot learns its job with the help and guidance of a human b eing. To teach an industrial robot to do something, first a person must us e a hand-held computer. The computer is used to guide therobot 'a s rm a nd hand through the motions it needs to do. Then, the robot stores exact movement in its computer memory. The robot has sensors to gather info rmation, so now the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions. The ro bot tells its moving part what to do and then it performs the action. For e xample, to pick up and move a box, the robot first finds the box, next it d ecides the weight of the box. Then it decides how much force is needed t o lift and move thebox, and finally, it finds the correct place to put the b ox down. It repeats the process over and over until it's turned off. It does the same job until it is given the job and new program to follow. Some sc ientists think that robots of the future will be smarter than today's robot s. They may also look more human like or even animal like. In fact, they may work and think more like humans do. The industrial robots we've be en talking about so far today are automatic robots.They are known as automatic robots because they have program to follo w a specific series of movement. Usually, they have parts that move but t hey really don't travel around. On the other hand, an autonomous machi ne can change itsbehavior in relation to its surroundings. For example, an autonomous robot with wheelsor legs to move around can change direc tion when it senses that there are something in its way. A robot suchas …candetect the moveme nt of people n earby. It can move to avoid bump ing into sb. coming toward it. Asthma can even learn to dance by followi ng the movements of a dancer next to it. I don't know whether or when people would welcome autonomousmachines or human like robots. I gu ess that we will not only think about that in the future. We need to think about how we will interact with our global doctor: robal teacher, robal p et, or even our robal friend.Lesson 8 A Tidal WaveA tidal wave is a very large and very destructive wall of water that rushesin from the ocean towards the shore. Many scientists call these waves tsunami. InJapanesetsunami means “ stormwave. ”But do you know that tidal are not caused by storms and that they are not true tidal at all? A true tidal is the regular rise a waves and fall of ocean waters, at definite times each day, but a tidal wave comes rushing in suddenly and unexpectedly. A tidal wave is caused by an underwater earthquake. Theword “ seaquake ” is made up of two words, the word “seawhich me “ ocean a”nd the word “ quake ”“.Toquake ”means “ toshake ”or “totremble. ” When a seaquake takes place at the bottom of the ocean, the ocean floorshakes and trembles, and sometimes the ocean floor shifts. It is this shaking thatproduces the tidal wave. The tidal wave begins to move across the sea at great speed.Tidal waves have taken many human lives in the past. Today scientists can predict when a tidal wave will hit land. They use a seismograph to do this. A seismograph is an instrument that records the strength, the direction, and the length of time of an earthquake or seaquake. It is not possible to hold back a tidal wave, but it is possible to warn people that a tidal wave is coming. This warning can save many lives.Lesson 9 Levels of LanguageToday I want to talk about levels of language usage. You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situation they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general, broad categories, or levels ofusage: a formal level and an informal level. English is no exception. I ' m not talking about correct anincorrect English. What I ' m talking about are two levels of correct English. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books such as encyclopedias, and in business letters.For example, a letter to a university would be in formal style. You would also use formal English in compositions and essaysthat you write in school. People usually use formal English when they give classroom lectures or speeches and at ceremonies such as graduations. We also tend to use formal language in conversations with persons we don' t know well or with people we have a formal relationship with, such as professors, bosses, doctors, friends of our parents 'str,angers, etc. Informal language is used in conversations with colleagues, family and friends, and when we write personal notes or letters to close friends, as well as in diaries, etc.Formal language is different from informal language in several ways.However, today I ' m going to talk only about a couple of ways. First of all,formal language tends to be more polite. Interestingly, it usually takesmore words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or family member, "Close the door, please", but to a stranger or someone in authority I probably would say "Would you mind closing the door" or "Excuse me, could you please close the door" Using words like "could" and "would" makes my request sound more polite, but alsomore formal. Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. There are some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let me give you a couple of examples of what I mean. Let ' s say "I ' m just crazy about soccer!" But if Iwere talking to my supervisor or a friend of my parents 'I w, ould probably say "I really enjoy soccer" or "I like soccer very much". LetI ' mtelling someone some news I heard about the police arresting a criminal. To my friend I might say "The cops bagged the crook". To my parents ' friend I might say "The police arrested thhi e f"t.Although the line between formal and informal language is not always clear and although people are probably less formal today than in the past, it is useful to be aware that these two levels, or categories, do exist. The best way for a non-native speaker of English to learn the difference is to observe the different ways English speakers speak or write in different situations. Television newscasters, your college professors in class, your doctors in their offices, etc, will usually speak rather formally. However, your classmates, teammates, family members, friends, etc. will generallyspeak in an in formal fashi on. The differe nee can be lear ned over time by observ ing and in teract ing with n ative speakers.Lesson 10 Power: The Kinds People Use and AbuseJoh n Mack, who is the author of a book about power, says that the n eed for a sense of pers onal power is one of the primary forces in huma n life. On the other hand, he also says that a feeli ng of powerless ness is one of the most disturb ing of huma n emotions —a feeling to be avoided at all costs. Just what is power?Psychologists defi ne power as the ability to determ ine or to cha nge the acti ons or behavior of other people. Psychologists are trying to ide ntify differe nt kinds of power so that they can better un dersta nd how people use these differe nt kinds of power to gain con trol over other people. They are tryi ng to un dersta nd how people mani pulate other people for good and evil purposes. Psychologi sts have identified five basic types of power, and I to talk about each of these briefly in the n ext few mi nutes.The first type of power is called in formatio n power. Some psychologist believed like that in formati on power is one of the most effective types of power and con trol. The pers on who has in formati on that other people want and n eed, but do not have, is in a position of power. Why is this? Well, most people like to receive and have in formatio n. Havi ng in formatio n in creases a pers on ' sown sense of power. People who provide in formatio n can man ipulate those who donot have in formati on. Often, whe n people receive information, they do not know that they are being mani pulated by those who provided the in formati on. The psychologist n amed Edwards says, for example, that n ewspapers provide a lot of information to their readers, and that these n ewspaper readers gen erally believe the in formati on they read.Readers do not questio n the accuracy of the reports about world eve nts they read in the n ewspapers.A sec ond type of power is called referent power. For example, a person may want to behave like the members of a particular group, such as a soccer team ( or a group of classmates), or a pers on may identify with and want to be like a certain teacher, a friend, or say , a rock star. If you identify with another person, that person has power over you, and that pers on can in flue nee your acti onsand behavior. Many people imitate and are con trolled by the people they ide ntify with. Let me give you a sad example of the use of this type of power for evil purposes. In the 1970s in Jon estow n, Guya na, more tha n 900 people committed suicide when their religious leader Jim Jones told them to kill themselves. They did what he told them to do because he had referent power over them. They identified with him; they believe him, and they did what he told them to do. More rece ntly a man n amed David Koresh con trolled the lives and dest inies of a small com mun ity of men, wome n, and childre n in Waco, Texas. Most people in his community died in a fire, along with their leader, during a confron tati on with U.S. gover nment age nts.A third kind of power is classified as legitimate power. Government officials, according to Edwards, have a lot of legitimate power. When the gover nment decides to raise taxes or make people go to war, most people will do what their gover nment officials tell them to do. One psychologist reported on an experime nt that showed an example of this type of power. In this experiment, a researcher asked people on the street to move away from a bus stop. Whe n he was dressed as a civilia n, few people moved away from the bus stop. Whe n the researcher was dressed as a guard, mostpeople moved away from the bus stop. The guard ' s uniformseemed to give the researcher a look of legitimate power.A fourth kind of power is called expert power. An expert is apers on who is very skilled in some area, such as sports, or who knows a lot about somethi ng, such as computers. Most people are impressed by the skills or kno wledge of an expert. Some of these“ experts ” use their skills at playing sports or knowing about computers to gain power and in flue nee —and to gain money oradmirati on, accord ing to Edwards. In other words, they use their expertise to gain power.Fin ally, reward or coercive power is used by people who have the power to reward or punish another person ' s actions or behavior.Giving a reward will change people ' s behavior because it offerspeople a cha nee for gain. Giving a puni shme nt may or may not cause the people to do what the powerful pers on wants them to do, but the cha nges may not last for a long time. The pers on who uses coercive power may also have to carefully watch thatthe less powerful pers on does, in fact, cha nge his or her acti ons or behavior.To sum up, the n, power may be gained in many ways. It may come from having information that other people want or need; it may come from being a referent for other people to ide ntify with or to imitate; it may come from having an official, or legitimate, position of authority; it may come from having skills or expertise; or it may come from having the power to reward or punish people.We all exercise one or more of these various kinds of power over other people, and other people will try to exercise one or more of these kinds of power over us throughout our lives.Lesson 11 Asian and African Elephants: Similarities and Diffe rencesThe African and the Asian elephants are the largest land animals in the w orld. They are really enormous animals. The African and the Asian elepha nts are alike, or similar, i n many ways, but there are differe nces betwee n the 2 types of elepha nts, too.What are some of the similarities between the African and the Asian elep hant? Well, for one thi ng, both ani mals have long no ses, called trun ks. A n elephant sometimes uses its trunk like a third hand. Both kinds of elep hants use their trunks to pick up verysmall objects and very large, heavy objects. They can even pick up trees with their trunks. For another thing, both the African and the Asian elephants have very large ears, although t he African elephant 'ea s rs are considerably larger.In addition, both animals are intelligent. They can be trained to do heavy work. They can also be trained to do tricks to entertain people. In other words, they both work for people, and they entertain people also.As I said before, the African and Asian elephants are alike in many ways, but they are also quite different, too. Let me explain what I mean. The Af rican elephant is larger and heavier than the Asian elephant. Asian eleph ants reach a height of about 10 feet, and African elephants reach about 13 feet tall.The African male elephant weighs between 12,000 and 14,000 pounds. I n contrast, the average Asian male elephant weighs between 7,000 and 1 2,000 pounds. So one is bigger than the other, but as you can see,both are still enormous animals.Another difference between the 2 kinds of elephants is the size of the ea rs. Asian elephants have smaller ears than African elephants . The Africa n elephant has 2 very large teeth. These teeth are called tusks. The Asian elephanthowever sometimes does not have any tusks at all. The elephants differ i n color, too. The African elephant is dark gray in color while the Asian ele phant is light gray. Occasionally an Asian elephant is even white ! The last big difference between the 2 typesof elephants is their temperament. The Asian elephant is tamer than the African elephant, orin another way, the African elephant is much wilder than the Asian eleph ant. As a result,it 'm s ore difficult to train the African elephant to perfor m tricks to entertain people. That 'w s hy the elephants you see in the circ us are probably Asian elephants and not African elephants.Yes, there certainly are differences between the African and the Asian ele phants, but as I mention at the start of mytall, there is one big similarity between the 2 animals: they are both fasci nating and enormous animals.Lesson 13 Lincoln and KennedyJohn F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln lived in different times and had very different family and educational backgrounds. K ennedy lived in the 20th century; Lincoln lived in the 19th cen tury. Kennedy was born in 1917, whereas Lincoln was born m ore than a hundred years earlier, in 1809. As for their family b ackgrounds, Kennedy came from a rich family, but Lincoln 'f samily was not wealthy. Because Kennedy came from a wealthy family, he was able to attend expensive private schools. He graduated from Harvard University. Lincoln, on the other hand, had only one year of formal schooling. In spite of his lack of f ormal schooling, he became a well-known lawyer. He taught himself law by reading law books. Lincoln was, in other words, a self-educated man.In spite of these differences in Kennedy and Lincoln 'b s ackgr ounds, some interesting similarities between the 2 men are ev ident. In fact, books have been written about the strange coin cidences in the lives of these 2 men. Take for example ,their political careers. Lincoln began his political car eer in congress. Similarly, Kennedy also began his political car eer in congress. Lincoln was elected to the U.S. House of Repr esentatives in 1847, and Kennedy was elected to the House in 1947. So they were elected to congress exactly 100 years apart. Another interesting coincidence is that each man was e lected president of the United States in a year ending with the number 60. Lincoln was elected president in 1860, and Kenne dy was elected in 1960; furthermore, both men were presiden t during years of civil unrest in the country. Lincoln was presid ent during the American Civil War. At the time Kennedy became president,African-Americans were fighting for their21 /22civil rights , un rest took the form of civil rights dem on strati ons. Times change and it s just over 15 more years,the United States elected its first Africa n-America n preside nt Barack Obama . Preside nt Obama was elected in 2008 and get back to talk about Lincoln and Kenn edy. Another striking similarity between these 2 men was that, as y ou probably know, n either preside nt lived to complete his ter m in office. Li ncol n and Kenn edy were both assass in ated whil e in office. Kenn edy was assass in ated in 1963 inDallas, Texas, after only 1,000 days in office. Lincoln was assas sinated in 1865 a few days after the end of the American Civil War. It ' rather curious to note that both presidents were sh ot while they were sitting next to their wives.These are only a few examples of the unusual similarities in th e desti nies of these 2 America ns — men who had a treme ndou s impact on the social and political life in the United States an d the imagination of the American people.…,but let me。
英语高级视听说-听力原文-Unit-3-New-orleans-is-sinking
英语⾼级视听说-听⼒原⽂-Unit-3-New-orleans-is-sinking Unit 3 New orleans is sinkingFor 300 years, the sea has been closing in on New Orleans. As the coastal erosion continues, it is estimated the city will be off shore in 90 years. Even in good weather, New Orleans is sinking. As the city begins what is likely to be the biggest demolition project in U.S. history, the question is, can we or should we put New Orleans back together again?Life has been returning to high and dry land on Bourbon Street, but to find the monumental challenge facing the city you have to visit neighborhoods you have never heard of. On Lizardi Street, 60 Minutes took a walk with the men in charge of finishing what Katrina started.Correspondent Scott Pelley reports.Before Katrina, "There would be noise and activity and families and people, and children, and, you know, I haven't seen a child in a month here," says Greg Meffert, a city official who, with his colleague Mike Centineo, is trying to figure out how much of the city will have to be demolished.Meffert, who is in charge of city planning, says it is "very possible" up to50,000 houses will have to be bulldozed. Right now, most of the homes in the city are uninhabitable.Meffert faces a difficult task. Every time he goes to a house site here, he says, "It's one more knife in me that says, 'She did another one. She did another one,'" explains Meffert, "she" meaning Hurricane Katrina.When you walk through these neighborhoods and you see the houses, you get a sense of the pain of the individual families. But you don't get a sense of what has happened to the city of New Orleans itself.It is estimated that there were 200,000 homes in New Orleans, and 120,000 of them were damaged by the flood.The part of the city known as the lower Ninth Ward received some of the heaviest flooding. The houses are splintered block after block after block, almost as if the city had been carpet-bombed in war.Meffert says that before the storm, New Orleans had a population of470,000-480,000 people. Realistically, he thinks that half of those residents won't be coming back.The possessions of thousands of families, the stuff collected over lifetimes is suddenly garbage, clawed up into mountains in city parks. With so much gone already, should New Orleans pick up right where it was?"We should be thinking about a gradual pullout of New Orleans, and starting to rebuild people's homes, businesses and industry in places that can last more than 80 years," says Tim Kusky, a professor of earth sciences at St. Louis University.Kusky talks about a withdrawal of the city and explains that coastal erosion was thrown into fast forward by Katrina. He says by 2095, the coastline will pass the city and New Orleans will be what he calls a "fish bowl.""Because New Orleans is going to be 15 to 18 feet below sea level, sitting off the coast of North America surrounded by a 50-to 100-foot-tall levee system to protect the city," explains Kusky.leave," says Vera, who has lost her home to two hurricanes.Vera is intent on coming back. "I don't have no other home, where I'm going?"Three generations of Fultons, Vera's son Irvin Jr., his wife Gay and their son Irvin, 3rd, live around Lizardi Street.Irvin says his house is "just flat" and he didn't have insurance.That's the dilemma. The only thing they have left is land prone to disaster. They want to rebuild, and the city plans to let them. At Vera's house, Mike Centenio, the city's top building official, told 60 Minutes homes can go up as long as they meet what is called the "100-year flood level."The federal government had set a flood-level, but didn't figure on a levee failure that would flood parts of the city.The official level is several feet off the ground. If people meet the requirement,they can rebuild their homes, despite the fact that we saw, for example, a refrigerator lifted to the top of a carport by the floodwaters.Asked whether allowing people to rebuild makes sense, Centenio says it is "going to take some studying."Right now, he says the flood level requirement is the law.Twelve weeks after the storm hit, no one has an answer to where people should go. An estimated 80,000 homes had no insurance, and for now, the biggest grant a family can get from the federal government is $26,200.Those without flood insurance face an uncertain road ahead, trying to piece their lives and homes back together."I don't think any of us get to be made whole. I don't know of anybody that's even getting back to where they were. It's just a matter of how much you lost," says Meffert.No one wants to risk more losses until the levees are fixed but there is not a lotof confidence in that. There's evidence some of the levee walls may have failed from bad design or lousy workmanship. Fixing them is up to Colonel Richard Wagenaar, who told 60 Minutes, that by next summer, the levees will withstand a Category 3 storm. But for a Category 5 storm, Congress would have to double the levee height to 30 feet.Col. Wagenaar says building a 30-foot flood control system around the city could take five to ten years, and cost billions of dollars.Asked whether he would live in New Orleans if the levees were restored to pre-Katrina levels, Col. Wagenaar said he would, after a long pause."There's a lot of long pauses in things I think about these days," Wagenaar added.Another thing that gives you pause is the fact that one of the world's largest pumping systems can't keep the city dry with broken levees.60 Minutes was there in September during Hurricane Rita. Crews were fighting with everything they had, cooling a pump witha hose and a coat hanger. Whenthe station flooded during Katrina, Gerald Tilton dove under water to open valves.Since then, Tilton and his men have been living at the station. "Most of us, our homes have been destroyed but a large number of us are still here doing the job that we get paid to do," says Tilton.Tilton says he hasn't seen his home since the storm hit and only took one thing from the house when he left: his diploma. "I graduated from Tulane last year and that was the one thing that I wanted. I know it might sound crazy."But sharp minds and heroism couldn't stop a second flood.It took another two weeks to dry out and count the losses. Now, inspectors with laptops are identifying ruined houses. "Every house in New Orleans is loaded into this database," explains Centineo. The reports are sent instantly to a computer at city hall, where the database is linked to aerial images of every address, both before and after.When the reports are in, they will know how many billions it will take to rebuild, but not where that money is coming from. Mike Centineo showed us, at his house, that you can't appreciate the loss until you walk through the door. He lost pretty mucheverything in his home. "We've lost a lot. What hurts is family photos. They went under water and I pulled them out to try to salvage what I could," Centineo says.Centineo says he understands, probably better than any building official ever has, what the victims of Katrina are going through. "I'm one of them, that's true, I'm one of them."He is one of about 400,000 people still unable to come home. That's the worst part now, the deflation of the Big Easy. There are too few people to pay taxes or keep businesses going. The world's largest domed stadium doesn't have a football team; In New Orleans, these days, not even the Saints go marching in.Meffert has some clear feelings on whether the nation should commit billions ofdollars and several years to protect the city."Is it commit or invest? I mean this is the thing that that people miss. The country has to decide whether it really is what we tell the world what we are. Or are we just saying that? Because if we are that powerful, if we are that focused, if we are that committed to all of our citizens, then there is no decision to make. Of course you rebuild it," says Meffert.。
高级英语视听说1听力
高级英语视听说1听力预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制Chapter 1 Napoleon：From Schoolboy to EmperorNapoleon was a French soldier who became emperor of France. He was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. N. wasn’t a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and military science. When he was 16 years old, he joined the French army. In that year he began the military career that brought him fame, power, riches, and, finally, defeat. N. became a general in the French army at the young age of 24. Several years later, he became the emperor of the French Empire. N. was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for him. As a result, N. won many, many military victories. At one time he controlled most of Europe, but many countries, including England, Russia, and Austria fought fiercely against him. His defeat –his end –came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army. The great French conqueror died alone -- deserted by his family and friends –in 1821. N. was only 51 years old when he died.Postlistening A. The Comprehension Check 1. Recognizing Information and Checking Accuracy 1. When was Napoleon born?(a) 2. What kind of student was Napoleon in most of his classes?(d) 3. What did Napoleon's military career bring him? (d) 4. When did Napoleon become emperor of the French Empire? (d) 5. One reason that Napoleon won many military victories was that hissoldiers were ready to fight to the death for him. (T) 6. Austria and Russia fought fiercely against Napoleon, but England did not.(F England also fought against him.) 7. Many of Napoleon's family and friends were with him when he died. (F He died alone and deserted by his family and friends.) 8. Napoleon died before he reached the age of 52. (T) Listening Factoid#1 The cause of Napoleon's death at the age of 51 on the island of St. Helena is still a mystery. There is no doubt that a very sick man at the time of his death. One theory about the cause of his death is that he had stomach cancer. Another theory is that he was deliberately poisoned by a servant. This third theory suggests that he was poisoned, but not by his servant. This third theory suggests that that he was poisoned, accidentally by fumes from the wallpaper were analyzed and traces of arsenic were found in it. Arsenic is powerful poison that was used in some of the dyes in wallpaperduring the time that Napoleon lived. More than 170 years after his death, people are still speculating about the cause of his death. Listening Factoid #21. Ten people who speak make more noise than 10,000 who are silent.2. In politics, stupidity is not a handicap.3. A man will fight harder for his interests than for his rights.4. Men of genius are meteors intended to burn to light their century.5 . I know, when it is necessary, how to leave the skin of the lion to take the sk in of the fox.6. History is the version of past events that people have decided to agree upo n.7. It is success which makes great men.Chapter 2 Pompei i：Destroyed, Forgotten, and Found T oday many people who live in large metr opolitan areas such as Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. The y go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat. O ver 2,000 years ago, many rich Romans did the same thing. They left the city of Rome in the summer. Many of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii. P. was a beautiful city; it was located on the ocean, on t he Bay of Naples. In the year 79 C.E., a young boy who later became a very f amous Roman historian was visi ting his uncle in P.. The boy’s name was Pliny the Younger. One day Pliny was looking up at the sky. He s aw a frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose hig h into the sky. Rock and ash flew through the air. What Pliny saw was the eru ption –the explosion -- of the volcano, Vesuvius. The city of P. was at the foot of Mt. V.. When the volcano first erupted, many people were able to flee the city and to escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash. The eruption lasted for about 3 days. When the eruption was over, P. wa。
英语高级视听 上_听力原文_Unit1 pirates of the internet上课讲义
英语高级视听上_听力原文_U n i t1p i r a t e s o f t h ei n t e r n e tVideo Script------------------------------10.25Pirates of the InternetIt’s no secret that online piracy has decimated the music industry as millions of people stopped buying CDs and started stealing their favorite songs by downloading them from the internet. Now the hign-tech thieves are coming after Hollywood. Illegal downloading of full-length feature films is a relatively new phenomenon, but it’s becoming easier and easier to do. The people running Ameri ca’s movie studios know that if they don’t do something----and fast---they could be in the same boat as the record companies. Correspodent: “What’s really at stake for the movie industry with all this privacy?” Chernin: “Well, I think, you know, ultimately, our absolute features.” Peter Chernin runs 20th Century Fox, one of the biggest studios in Hollywood. He knows the pirates of the Internet are gaining on him. Correspont: “Do you know how many movies are being downloaded today, in one day, in the United States?” Chernin: “I think it’s probably in the hundreds of thousands, if not millions.” Correspondent: “And it’s only going to grow.” Chernin: “It’s only going to grow. Somebody can put a perfect digital copy up on the internet. A perfect digital copy, all right. And with the click of mouse, send out a million copies all over the world, in an instant.”5And it’s all free. If that takes hold, kiss Hollywood goodbye. Chernin recently organized a “summit” between studio moguls and some high school and college kids---the people most likely to be downloading. Chernin: “And we said, ‘Let’s come up with a challenge. Let’s give them five movies, and see if they can find them online.’ And we all sat around and picked five movies, four of which hadn’t been released yet. And then we came back half an hour later. They had found all five movies that we gave them. ” Correspondent: “Even the ones that hadn’t even been released yet?” Chernin: “Even the ones that hadn’t even been released yet.” Correspondent: “Did these kid s have any sense that they were stealing?” Chernin: “You know it’s… it’s a weird dichotomy. I think they know it’s stealing, and I don’t think they think it’s wrong. I think they have an attitude of, ‘It’s here.’” The Internet copy of last year’s hit Signs, starring Mel Gibson, was stolen even before director M. Night Shyamalan could organize the premiere. Correspondent: “The movie was about to be released. When did the first bootleg copy appear?”6Shyamalan: “Two weeks before it or three weeks before it. Before the Internet age, when somebody bootlegged a movie, the only outlet they had was to see it to those vendors on Times Square, where they had the boxes set up outside and they say, ‘Hey, we have Signs---it’s not even out yet.’ And you walk by and you know it’s illegal. But now, because it’sthe digital age, you can see, like, a clean copy. It’s no longer the kind of the sleazy guy in Times Square with the box. It’s just, oh, it’s on this beautiful site, and I have to go, ‘Click.’” Correspondent: “How d id those movies get on the Internet? How did that happen?” Chernin: “Through an absolute act of theft. Someone steals a print from the editor’s room; someone steals a print from the person; the composer who’s doing the music…absolute physical theft, steals a print, makes a digital copy, and uploads it.” Correspondent: “And there you go.” Digital copies like this one of The Matrix Reloaded have also been bootlegged from DVDs sent to reviewers or ad agencies, or circulated among companies that do special effe cts, or subtitles. Chernin: “The other way that pre-released movies end up (stolen) is that people go to … there are lots of screenings that happen in this industry… People go to those screenings with a camcorder, with a digital camcorder, sit in the back, turn the camcorder on…”Correspondent: “And record it.” This is one of those recorded-off-the-screen copies of Disney’s Pirates of the Caribbean. Not great quality, but not awful either. And while it used to take forever to download a movie, anyone with a high-speed Internet connection can now have a full-length film in an hour or two.Saaf: “Well, this is just one of many websites where basically people, hackers if you will, announce their piracy releases.” Randy Saaf runs a company called Media Defender that helps movie studios combat online piracy. Correspondent: “Look at this, all these new movies that I haven’t even seen yet, all here.” Saaf: “ Yep.” Correspondent: “Secondhand Lions that just came out. Sometimes I feel like I’m the only person in this country who has never downloaded anything. But maybe there is a few others of us out there. So I’m going to ask you to show us Kazaa, that’s the biggest downloading site, right?” Saaf: “Right. This is the Kazaa media desktop. Kazaa is the largest peer-to-peer network.” It’s called peer-to-peer because computer users are sharing files8with each other, with no middleman. All Kazaa does is provide the software to make that sharing possible. When we went online with Randy Saaf, nearly four million other Kazaa users were there with us, sharing every kind of digital file. Saaf: “Audio, documents, images, software, and video. If you wanted a movie, you would click on the video section, and then you would type in a search phrase. And basically what this is doing now, it is asking the people on the peer-to-peer network, ‘Who has Finding Memo’?” Within seconds, 191 computers sent an answer: “We have it.” This is Finding Memo, crisp picture and sound, downloaded free from Kazaa a month before its release for video rental or sale. If youdon’t want to watch it on a little computer screen, you don’t have to. On the newest computers, you can just “burn” it onto a DVD and watch it on your big-screen TV. And that’s a dagger pointed right at the heart of Hollywood. Chernin: “Where movies make the bulk of their money is on DVD and home videos. 50 percent of the revenues for any movie come out of home video…” Correspondent: “15 percent?” Chernin: “50 percent so that if piracy occurs and it wipes out your home video profits or ultimately your television profits, you are out9of business. No movies will get made.” Even if movies did get made, Night Shyamalan says that wouldn’t be any good, because profits would be negligible, so budgets would shrink dramatically. Shyamalan: “And slowly it will degrade what’s possible in that art form.” Rosso: “Technology always wins. Always. You can’t shut it down.” Wayne Rosso is Hollywood’s enemy. They call him a pirate, but officially he’s the president of Grokster, another peer-to-peer network that works just like Kazaa. Correspondent: “Ok, I have downloaded your softwar e.” Rosso: “Right.” Correspondent: “Ok, did I pay to do that?” Rosso: “No, it’s free.” Correspondent: “So who pays you? How do you make money?” Rosso: “We’re like radio. We are advertising-supported.” Correspondent: “And how many people use Grokster?” Rosso: “Ten million.” Correspondent: “Ten million people have used it.” Rosso: “A month.”Correspondent: “Every month, ten million people?” Rosso: “Uh-huh, uh-huh. And growing.”10Correspondent: “Use it to download music, movies, software, video games, what else?” Rosso: “I will assume. See, we have no way of knowing what people are downloading.” Correspondent: “That’s just a fig leaf. You are facilitating, allowing, helping people steal.” Rosso: “We have no idea what the content is, and whatever it is…” Correspondent: “Well, you may not know the specifics, but you know that’s what your site…” Rosso: “And we can’t stop it. We have no control over it.” Correspondent: “But you are the re for that purpose, that is why you exist, of course it is.” Rosso: “No, no, no, no, no, no.” Correspondent: “Come on, this is the fig leaf part.” Rosso: “No, no, no, no, no.” Shyamalan:“He is totally conformable with putting on his site a stolen piece of material. Am I wrong in that? If my movie was bootlegged, he’d be totally comfortable putting it on his site?” Correspondent: “Because I have nothing to do with it.” Shyamalan:“Yeah, right.” Correspondent: “Because I just provided the software.” Shyamalan:“Yeah, right. So, immediately, how can you ever have a11conversation with him? Because he’s taken a stolen material and he is totally fine with passing it around in his house. All these, all these areillegal activities. So, I’m not, it’s just my house,I’m not doing anything wrong.” But it is Rosso who has the law on his side. A federal judge has ruled that Grokster and other file-swapping networks are not liable for what their downloaders are doing. Rosso: “So we are completely legal, and unfortunately this is something the entertainment industry refuses to accept. They seem to think the judge’s decision was nothing but a typo.” The studios are appealing that court ruling. And they may follow the music industry and begin to sue individuals who download movies. And they are fighting the pirates in other ways, with ads about people whose jobs are at risk because of the piracy---people like the carpenters and painters who work on film sets. At the same time, Hollywood is trying to keep copies of movies from leaking in the first place. Chernin: “ You will very seldom go to an early screening of a movie right now where, probably you don’t notice until you pay attention, someone’s not in the front of that auditorium with infrared binoculars looking for somebody with a camcorder.”12And once a movie is released, or copies do begin to leak, the studios hire people like Randy Saaf to hack the hackers. Saaf: “What we’re just trying to do is make the actual pirated content difficult to find. And the way we do that i s by, you know, serving up fake files.” It’s called “spoofing.” Saaf and his employees spend their days on Kazaa and Grokster, offeringup thousands of files that look like copies of new movies, but aren’t. Correspondent: “So if I had clicked on any number of those Finding Nemo offerings, I could have clicked on one of yours, or somebody like you. And what would I have found after my hour and a half of downloading?” Saaf: “it might just be a blank screen or something. You know, typically speaking, what we p ush out is just not the real content.” Correspondent: “What you are trying to do is make this so impossible, so infuriating that people will just throw up their hands and say it’s just easier for me to go rent this thing, buy the DVD or whatever, it’s just easier.” Saaf: “Right.” Correspondent: “That’s your goal.” Saaf：：“Right.”13Correspondent: “Does that work? Is that a good idea?” Rosso: “No. It doesn’t work. I mean I don’t blame them but it doesn’t work because what happens is that the community clea nses itself of the spoofs.” He means that downloaders quickly spread the word online about how to tell the fake movie files from the real thing. Correspondent: “It’s like an arms race(军备竞赛）, isn’t it?” Chernin: “That’s exactly what it’s like. It’s like an arms race. There will be, you know, they’re gonna get a step ahead. We’re gonna try and get that step back.” Rosso: “But I’ll tell you one thing: I’ll bet on the hackers.” Correspondent: “That they will breakwhatever…” Rosso: “The studios come up with.” Correspondent: “The companies throw at them.”Hollywood knows that downloading off the Internet is the way millions of consumers want to get their entertainment---and that isn’t going away. Chernin: “The generally accepted estimate is that more that 60 million Americans have downloaded file-sharing software onto their computers.” Correspondent: “60 million.”14Chernin: “At 60 million Americans, that’s a mainstream product. That’s not a bunch of college kids or, you know, a bunch of computer geeks. That’s America.” So, instead of trying to stop it entirely, the studios are looking for ways to embrace it, but get paid too. Wayne Rosso says the best way is to negotiate some kinds of licensing deal with him. Rosso: “If the movie industry acts now and starts exploring alternatives and solutions with guys like me, hopefully they won’t have a problem.” Correspondent: “What if they try to buy you?” Rosso: “I’d sell it in al heartbeat.” Correspondent: “You would sell, Grokster would sell to a movie studio?” Rosso: “Sure, call me.” The idea of making deals with wha t Peter Chernin calls “a bunch of crooks” doesn’t appeal to Hollywood. Instead, Fox and other studios have just launched their own site, Movielink, where consumers can download a film for a modest fee, between three and five dollars. Chernin: “I think you would love the ideathat you don’t have to go to the video store. You can do this. And that’s what we’re working15on. But in order for that to be effective, we have to stop privacy, because the most effectiv e business model in the world can’t compete with free.” Not that Peter Chernin is interested, but he won’t have the chance to buy Grokster, at least not from Wayne Rosso. A few days ago, Rosso announced that he is leaving Grokster to take over as president of another file-swapping software company, this one based in Spain. Grokster will continue under new management.Key to the exercises Task I Global Listening1. C2. C.3. D .4. D5. A6. B.7. B8. CTask II Episode 1 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. TListen for DetailsEpisode 2 1 2 3Episode 3 (1) technology always wins (2) software (4) radio(3) advertising supported (5) Ten million people(6) music (8) not liable for (10) control (12) facilitating (14) comfortable(7) video games (9) typo (11) fig leaf (13) stealEpisode 41. Following the music industry and begin to sue individuals who download movies.2. Airing ads about people whose jobs are at risk because of piracy.3. Keeping copies of movies from leaking in the first place.4. Hiring people to hack the hackers/serve up thousands of fake copies of new movies.Episode 51. Downloading off the Internet.2. 60 million3. Embrace it and get paid too.4. A bunch of crooks.5. 3-5 dolloars.6. Stopping piracy.。
最新上外版英语高级视听说上册听力原文
Unit 1Pirates of the Internetno secret that online piracy has decimated the music industry asIt’smillions of people stopped buying CDs and started stealing their favoritesongs by downloading them from the internet. Now the hign-tech thievesare coming after Hollywood. Illegal downloading of full-length featurefilms is a relatively new phenomenon, but it’s becoming easier and easierto do. The people running America’smovie studios know that if theydon’t do something----and fast---they could be in the same boat as thereally at stake for the movierecord companies. Correspodent: “What’sindustry with all this privacy?” C hernin: “Well, I think, you know, ultimately, our absolute features.” Peter Chernin runs 20th Century Fox, one of the biggest studios in Hollywood. He knows the pirates of theInternet are gaining on him. Correspont: “Do y ou know how manymovies are being downloaded today, in one day, in the United States?” probably in the hundreds of thousands, if notChernin: “I t hink it’sgoing to grow.” Chernin: “It’s Correspondent: “And it’s onlymillions.” only going to grow. √Somebody can put a perfect digital copy up on theinternet. A perfect digital copy, all right. And with the click of mouse,send out a million copies all over the world, in an i nstant.”5all free. If that takes hold, kiss Hollywood goodbye. CherninAnd it’sbetween studio moguls and some highrecently organized a “summit” school and college kids---the people most likely to be downloading.come up with a challenge. Let’s give them Chernin: “And we said, ‘Let’ｓfive movies, and see if they can find them online.’ And we all sat aro and picked five movies, four of which hadn’t been released yet. And then we came back half an hour later. They had found all five movies that wegave them. ” C orrespondent: “Even the ones that hadn’t even beenChernin: “Even the ones that hadn’t even been releasedreleased yet?” Correspondent: “Did t hese kids have any sense that they wereyet.” dichotomy. I think theystealing?” Chernin: “You know it’s… it’s a weirdstealing, and I don’t think they think it’swrong. I think theyknow it’shave an attitude of, ‘It’s here.’” The Internet copy of last year starring Mel Gibson, was stolen even before director M. Night Shyamalancould organize the premiere. Correspondent: “The movie was about to be released. When did the first bootleg copy appear?”6Shyamalan: “Two weeks before it or three weeks before it. Before theInternet age, when somebody bootlegged a movie, the only outlet theyhad was to see it to those vendors on Times Square, where they had the---it’s not even outboxes set up outside and they say, ‘Hey, we have Signsyet.’ And you walk by and you know it’s illegal. But now, because it digital age, you can see, like, a clean copy. It’s no longer the kind of theon thissleazy guy in Times Square with the box. It’sjust, oh, it’sbeautiful site, and I have to go, ‘Click.’” Correspondent: “Ho movies get on the Internet? How did that happen?” Chernin: “Throuroom;absolute act of theft. Someone steals a print from the editor’ssomeone steals a print from the person; the composer who’s doing the music…absolute physical theft, steals a print, makes a digital copy, anduploads it.” Correspondent: “And there you go.” Digital copies like thisone of The Matrix Reloaded have also been bootlegged from DVDs sentto reviewers or ad agencies, or circulated among companies that dospecial effects, or subtitles. Chernin: “The other way that pre-releasedmovies end up (stol e n) is that people go to … there are lots of screeningsPeople go to those screenings with athat happen in this industry… camcorder, with a digital camcorder, sit in the back, turn the camcorderon…”Correspondent: “And record it.” T his is one of thoserecorded-off-the-screen copies of Disney’s Pirates of the Caribbean. Notgreat quality, but not awful either. And while it used to take forever todownload a movie, anyone with a high-speed Internet connection cannow have a full-length film in an hour or two.Saaf: “Well, this is just one of many websites where basically people,Randy Saaf runs ahackers if you will, announce their piracy releases.” company called Media Defender that helps movie studios combat onlinepiracy.Correspondent: “Look at this, all these new movies that I haveneven seen yet, all here.” Saaf: “ Yep.” Correspondent: “Secondh that just came out. Sometimes I feel like I’m the only person in thiscountry who has never downloaded anything. But maybe there is a fewothers of us out there. So I’m going to ask you to show us Kazaa, that’sSaaf: “Right. This is the Kazaathe biggest downloading site, right?” It’s calledmedia desktop. Kazaa is the largest peer-to-peer network.” peer-to-peer because computer users are sharing files8with each other, with no middleman. All Kazaa does is provide thesoftware to make that sharing possible. When we went online with RandySaaf, nearly four million other Kazaa users were there with us, sharingcuments, images, software, andevery kind of digital file. Saaf: “Audio, dovideo. If you wanted a movie, you would click on the video section, andthen you would type in a search phrase. And basically what this is doingnow, it is asking the people on the peer-to-peer network, ‘Who hasWithin seconds, 191 computers sent an answer: “WeFinding Memo’?” have it.” This is Finding Memo, crisp picture and sound, downloaded freefrom Kazaa a month before its release for video rental or sale. If youdon’t want to watch it on a little computer screen, you don’t have the newest computers, you can just “burn” it onto a DVD and watch it ona dagger pointed right at the heart ofyour big-screen TV. 5.And that’sHollywood.Chernin: “Where movies make the bulk of their money is onDVD and home videos. 50 percent of the revenues for any movie comeout of home video…” Correspondent: “15 percent?” Chernin: “50 so that if piracy occurs and it wipes out your home video profits orultimately your television profits, you are out of business. No movies willEven if movies did get made, Night Shyamalan says thatget made.” wouldn’t be any good, because p rofits would be negligible, so budgetswould shrink dramatically. Shyamalan: “And s lowly it will degradeRosso: “Technology always wins.what’s possible in that art form.” Always. You can’t shut it down.” Wayne Rosso is Hollywood’s enemy They call him a pirate, but officially he’s the president of Grokster,another peer-to-peer network that works just like Kazaa. Correspondent:“Ok, I have downloaded your software.” Rosso: “Right.” Correspondent:Correspondent: “Sofree.” “Ok, did I pay to do that?” Rosso: “No, it’s. Wewho pays you? How do you make money?” Rosso: “We’re like radioCorrespondent: “And how many people useare advertising-supported.” Rosso: “Ten million.” Correspondent: “Ten million people Grokster?” Correspondent: “Every month, tenRosso: “A m onth.” have used it.” -huh, uh-huh. And growing.”million people?” Rosso: “Uh10Correspondent: “Use it to download music, movies, software, videoRosso: “I w ill assume. See, we have no way ofgames, what else?” 。
高级实用英语视听说(2)1-12单元听力原文
1 A Courtesy CampaignBob Edwards, host: Nearly half of all American adults have wireless telephones. People are buying them at a rate of 46,000 a day. The rise of portable phones has been accompanied by a rise in complaints about mobile phone manners. A few cities have passed laws restricting their use. But San Diego‘s trying a different approach, appealing to cell phone users with a courtesy campaign.From member station KPBS, Scott Horsley reports.Scott Horsley Reporting: It seems to be happening more and more, in restaurants, movie theaters, even in church.Soundbite of Cell Phone Ringing Horsley: When it comes to the shrill interruption of a ringing cell phone, no place it seems is sacred.Reverend Wendy Craig-Purcell: Well, if we‘re in the middle of prayer and meditation, I usually just ignore it. And I may make a comment afterwards, something like, ―Well, you know, maybe the spirit of God is truly calling us and wanting our attention.‖\\Horsley: Not everyone is as forgiving as Reverend Wendy Craig-Purcell of San Diego‘s Church of Today. And not everyone views the cell phone as an instrument of divine intervention. When San Diego Mayor Susan Golding conducted an Internet survey last year, thousands of people responded calling for restrictions on cell phone use, especially in movie theatres.Mayor Susan Golding: I know that I‘ve been in the movies. And it‘s at the quiet time when everyone‘s on the edge of their seat and the phone rings next to you and the person starts to talk in a very loud voice.Horsley: But rather than proposing regulation, Mayor Golding has launched a voluntary courtesy campaign, urging wireless phone users to mind their mobile manners. The campaign includes stickers that business can display, reminding customers they‘re in a quite zone. The mayor herself posted a sticker outside one movie theatre as Doug Cohen looked on in approval. Cohen is a real estate broker whose own cell phone gets plenty of use, but he agrees there ought to be limits. Doug Cohen: I have a very good friends that I won‘t eat lunch with. They just can‘t get away from it. So it‘s … there‘s an etiquette. It‘s just like driving or anything else, you know. Some people will subscribe to a certain politeness and some people won‘t. But it‘s nice that there‘s an issue raised here. \\Horsley: San Diego might seem like an unlikely place to raise the issue of rude cell phone use since the cell phone industry is one of the city‘s biggest employers, with companies like Qualcomm and Nokia. But Nokia is actually sponsoring the mayor‘scourtesy campaign. Vice President Larry Paulson says customers should set phone is vibrate rather than ring in certain settings, and sometimes even turn their phones off.Larry Paulson: Certainly, I think everyone agrees with this. In certain public areas such as movie theaters, plays, churches, museums, and libraries, talking can be very disruptive and, essentially, it‘s a violation of basic courtesy.Horsley: Cell phone companies realize a public backlash isn‘t good for their business. And with communities in Ohio and New Jersey already banning cell phone use behind the wheel, the industry may see a courtesy campaign as a way to head off further government regulation, like the beer companies urging their customers to drink responsibly. \\Instead of a strict enforcer, Mayor Golding hopes to play a gentle Miss Manners. The real Miss Manners, newspaper columnist Judith Martin, thinks that might work better, anyway.Judith Martin: If you use the heavy hand of the law for everyday trivial things, you create this state where everybody is angry at everybody else, where the courts are clogged up. This is a very simple thing we‘re talking about: don‘t disturb people, you know. Don‘t talk at eh movies. Don‘t talk on the phone in the movies. Don‘t talk to the person next to you in the movies.Horsley: Martin says it‘s not unusual when new technologies develop for people to believe they‘re in an etiquette-free zone. But gradually, a consensus develops about how the tools should be used. With cell phones, she says, we‘re halfway there. \\ People agree that others shouldn‘t annoy them with their phones, but they don‘t necessarily apply the same rules with themselves. That will be the challenge, as Mayor Golding demonstrated during a news conference kicking off her courtesy campaign.Mayor Golding: I think we will influence a great number of people to stop and think.Soundbite of Cell Phone RingingMayor Golding: For example, my phone is ringing right now. But I think we will influence a lot of people to turn off their cell phones or to put them or vibrate. Clearly, there are places…and this doesn‘t even hang up well. But because I want to be courteous and not answer it during this press conference.Horsley: The mayor later explained that hers was a new phone, and she hadn‘t figured out all the settings. She got a quick lesson from the Nokia vie president in how to turn of the ringer. For NPR News, I‘m Scott Horsley in San Diego.1.Reverend Wendy Craig-Purcell: Well, if we‘re in the middle of prayer andmeditation, I usually just ignore it. And I may make a comment afterwards, something like, ―Well, you know, maybe the spirit of God is truly calling us and wanting our attention.‖2. Mayor Susan Golding: I know that I‘ve been in the movies. And it‘s at the quiettime when everyone‘s on the edge of their seat and the phone rings next to you and the person starts to talk in a very loud voice.3.Doug Cohen: I have a very good friends that I won‘t eat lunch with. They justcan‘t get away from it. So it‘s …there‘s an etiquette. It‘s just like driving or anything else, you know. Some people will subscribe to a certain politeness and some people won‘t. But it‘s nice that there‘s an issue raised here.4. Larry Paulson: Certainly, I think everyone agrees with this. In certain public areassuch as movie theaters, plays, churches, museums, and libraries, talking can be very disruptive and, essentially, it‘s a violation of basic courtesy.5. Judith Martin: If you use the heavy hand of the law for everyday trivial things,you create this state where everybody is angry at everybody else, where the courts are clogged up. This is a very simple thing we‘re talking about: don‘t disturb people, you know. Don‘t talk at eh movies. Don‘t talk on the phone in the movies. Don‘t talk to the person next to you in the movies.2 Give me my place to smokeMy name is Michael, and I‘ve been smoking for fifteen years.My name is Peggy, and I‘ve been smoking for probably thirty and thirty-five years.Peggy and Michael sit in a smoky neighborhood bar in Washington D.C., a cigarette perched in each other‘s hands. They say there are fewer and fewer places like this, where they feel completely comfortable lighting up, and they expect the EPA report on secondhand smoke to contribute to further restrictions on smoking in public places. They both say they are keenly aware of the reception they get when they smoke, and how that has changed over the years.Thirty-five years ago you really didn‘t give a lot of thought to smoking. Now you do. And of course you‘re finding that it‘s much less acceptable, much less popular, shall we say, to be smoker. And I don‘t know how much of that is basically political, and how much is apolitical. I don‘t like the atmosphere today, not only for smoking, but I find that that‘s true in many other areas of freedom. //How do you experience it? How do you get that feeling from other people?Well, fifteen years ago you didn‘t think about it. You walked in to someone‘s house and they would offer you an ashtray. You don‘t do that anymore. I don‘t even ask anymore. ―Is it OK if we smoke?‖because for a while there it was. ―Well, I really wish you wouldn‘t.‖And that was awkward?No, it wasn‘t awkward; it‘s just that you learn not to ask anymore, and just assume that it‘s not right.I found it awkward.You go to parties now. You know, where it used to be that everybody was standing around with a cocktail in one hand and a cigarette in the other and blabbing, and now you see the smokers, kind of … if it‘s an apartment, furtively standing around an open window, or if it‘s a house, standing outside in groups. It‘s pretty common. //Has it changed your smoking habits in any way?That‘s hard to say. I will say this: I know that I‘m much more cognizant of my surroundings. For example, if I walk into someone else‘s office any more, I would never think to take a cigarette. And like he said, in someone‘s home, you wouldn‘t automatically sit down and have a cigarette. So in that regard, yes.Yeah. I mean, I‘ve develop a whole body language about smoking in groups and in places where it is permissible to smoke.Oh, yes.It‘s … take a drag.As you are doing right now.Right, blow it straight up in the air so that it doesn‘t get in anybody‘s face, then try to hold your cigarette so that the wind catches, whatever wind there is catches it so that it goes away from the group. So after a while, you look like a factory. You‘re blowing smoke straight up, and you‘ve got this cigarette flying out in the air there, //it‘s whole body language.And you do look a bit strange, you‘re right, now that you say that. Do you feel anydefiance?I don‘t think I do. I‘ve never felt a desire to inflict my habit on anybody else.I guess I don‘t mean inflict your habit. I think when I mean defiance, what I mean by that is, if you are in an area where it is totally acceptable to smoke, that…but you know that there is someone there who doesn‘t really want you to smoke.Yes, yes. Actually, one afternoon I was coming home from work. I was walking up Connections Avenue and I had my Walkman on. It had been kind of a rough day, and I was puffing away on a cigarette and walking up the street, and someone came around in front of me and pointed behind me. So I took my Walkman off, and turned around, and there was this man standing there, and he was going, ―Excuse me, your cigarette is in my eyes.‖And you were outside.I was outside, on the sidewalk. And I looked at him, and I said, ―Well, then walk in front of me.‖ And I just felt like he was his own private smoking patrol. It had nothing to do with any kind of physical discomfort I was causing him.And did you wonder if, the next day, he was part of the fur patrol? That‘s what I think I mean about defiance. I find that in myself, that when they make a judgment, and that‘s basically what they‘re doing, they‘re making a judgment on my behavior. //Do you understand at all, though, this strong feeling that people have about smoking, that if they‘re not a smoker, they don‘t want to be around it, they don‘t want to inhale the smoke?Yes, I can understand it. Sure. I mean, I‘ve really knuckled under… I have changed my habits to respect the rights of people who don‘t want smoke around them, and I‘m much more cognizant of how my smoking might be affecting the general area. If I'm in a smoking section, I feel that I‘m entitled to smoke. If they take away that smoking section, I won‘t smoke in there anymore.I wouldn‘t go there anymore, If it‘s a matter of spending my money in a restaurant, for example, I wouldn‘t spend my money there. But in regard to that, yes, I understand it, but I also feel, again, back to equity. Give me my place to smoke. That‘s all I ask. Peggy and Michael both live in Washington, D.C. //3 Kids and the mediaThe excesses of the media came under scrutiny this month over how young people are used as sources in news stories. ABC News has been under fire for airing an interview with six-year-old Elian Gonzalez, as many other networks for airing a home videotape of the child. Last year, CNN was criticized when it broadcast phone calls from students at Columbine High School as the shootings there were taking place. NPR‘s Rick Karr reports on the choices journalists make in dealing with children in the news. //When ABC‘s Diane Sawyer introduced her interview with Elian Gonzalez, she referred to one of the bedrock rules of the craft of journalism: Get the story straight from the source.And even though the media has had him under twenty-hour-a-day surveillance and written, by our calculation, 11,984 articles about the politics of all this, not one of us has sat down and looked in to his eyes.Just looking into his eyes would have been fine, according to Bob Steel. E‘s a journalistic ethicist at the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida.The problem is when he was interviewed. For Diane Sawyer or any other journalist to ask him questions of the weight that were asked of him about his mother and the loss of his mother, about whether he wants to stay in Florida, in the United States, or return to Cuba- these are questions that are beyond the grasp of a six-year-old in terms of taking with a journalist in a meaningful way. //Steel says journalists need, first and foremost, to consider whether or not a child is mature enough to actually shed light on a story. An immature child may not know fact from fantasy and while that‘s no big deal if the story is on, say, Chicagoans‘ hopes for this year‘s White Sox, where a six-year-old might have as much to say as any other pundit, it‘s much more pressing a concern when international relations or criminal allegations are at stake. It‘s not solely a matter of chronological age, Steel says; trauma can make even adults regress to childhood. Steele says journalists need to step back and fight the urge to get it done right this second.Slow down enough that you can assess the situation and assess the individuals who may be the witnesses and may be the interview sources in a particular story, and to ascertain the best we can at hat moment what kind of vulnerability they may have. // Sometimes witnesses to a crime can be vulnerable in terms of the perpetrator going after those witnesses.Bob, is it outside the school right now or are they still inside, can you tell?They‘re inside….they‘re inside the building. I haven‘t seen…CNN and a local Denver television station were criticized last year when they broadcast this tape and others like it: cell phone calls from students hiding in and around Columbine High School, which Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris could, in theory, have used to pinpoint the locations of their intended victims.They‘re OK. One of my friends is still in the school, though.Really?I guess his mother paged hi. He called her back, said that he‘s … I guess he‘s in the choir room.Suzanne McCarroll was on the scene at Columbine High School that day. She‘s a reporter with KCNC, Denver‘s CBS station. She says in breaking news situations, judging right from wrong is a matter of gut instinct.A lot of time I look at the those kid s‘ faces I think, ―Oh, my God, this could be one of my kids and am I doing something that‘s OK if this were my child, if somebody came up and started interviewing my child about whatever given topic or grilling my child with those questions?‖McCarroll says when she‘s interviewing kids, parental consent doesn‘t mean much. Sometimes parents are more confused than kids and sometimes they give their consent for the wrong reasons. Suzanne McCarroll won praise from media critics for her sensitive handling of Columbine. But journalism is a deeply competitive field and sometimes the urge to scoop the competition trumps the gut check. So had she been in Diane Sawyer‘s shoes, would she have interviewed Elian?I don‘t know…I…you know, I would hat to…I don‘t know. I…truthfully, I uses, I don‘t think I would‘ve, but I‘m not in her position.Suzanne McCarroll says the bottom line of practicing ethical journalism where children are concerned is context. What‘s going on around the kid in question? How has the reporter couched the interview?Bob Steel of the Poynter Institute says it would be hard to confuse the tape of Elian Gonzalez, provided to the media on Thursday by his Miami relatives, with journalism. The question is: When it showed up on the evening news, how was it presented? Steel says the listeners, readers, and viewers need to keep questions like that in mind. Rick Karr, NPR News.4 Is it a sculpture，or is it foodIn the near future, you might be able to buy a tomato in the supermarket that has been genetically designed and engineered, a tomato that would stay ripe much longer, strawberries that are not so fragile in freezing temperatures, vegetable oil that‘s lower in fat. Already on the market: a gene-spliced product that‘s used in cheese making. There are impressive claims being made for genetic manipulation of food, including production increases that could help alleviate world hunger. But there‘s also concern, and indeed some fear, about the use of gene-splicing techniques; and last week more than 1,000 chefs from restaurants all around the country made a pledge they will mot serve such foods, and they‘ll work to see that genetically engineered foods are labeled as such. It was announced back in May that no special labeling would be required. Joyce Goldstein has joined the boycott. She‘s the owner of Square One Restaurant in San Francisco. //When I first heard about it, I thought, well, they‘re not even talking about flavor. The only thing they‘re talking about is how long they can keep the damn thing in the shelf. You are talking about tomato, basically.Basically the tomato. You know, you worry how long they want to keep it. Is it a sculpture or is it food? And I just kept thinking, I hope that we will get to find out more about this, and that they‘ll do some testing. For example, if they‘re using these trout genes in other products, and we have customers with fish allergies, are they going to get sick?There‘s the idea that they would use a fish gene to make tomatoes more frost-resistant.Right, well I mean, will people with fish allergies have responses to this, or will that be so sublimed that they won‘t have any effect? I guess the thing is, when a new product comes on the market like this, number one, you‘d like to be aware that it‘s being sold to you, and number two, you‘d like to know that they have checked out all of these ramifications before they put it on the shelf. //It sounds like your concerns are more practical than others‘. Other people are talking about science fiction food; and I‘ve heard it referred to as ―Franken food‖ in the past. Well, you know, it‘s very easy to poke fun at—and I want to put this in quotes—―progress.‖I mean, those of us that were attached to typewriters, I think, poked fun at people using computers until we started using them. So I don‘t want to sound like I‘m some old fogey saying, ―In the old days we didn‘t do it that way.‖ If they would come up with a wonderful product through genetic—I mean, they‘ve done wonderful roses with genetic breeding that are perfectly beautiful and still have somescent- If they could do this and prove it was safe to the public, I‘m not going to say it‘s a bad thing. All I‘m saying is, right now we have a lot of nonknowledge about this stuff, and until things are tested and until we know what they taste like and how they are, we don‘t want to put them on the menu.There‘s an argument that‘s being made that this could be, I‘ve seen one quotation, ―the biggest boon to corporate profits since frozen food.‖ that this could be that big a breakthrough in the food area.Well, they‘re always worrying about corporate profit. What if the stuff turns out not to be good?I got a letter from a lady the other day, who said she‘s the wife of a scientist, and she would prefer to serve genetically engineered food to her children, and I shouldn‘t worry because it‘s under the wonderful eye of the Food and Drug Administration, and she will boycott my restaurant as long as I boycott these foods. And I started thinking, God, with an attitude like that I certainly don‘t want her eating in my restaurant anyway.But also, I mean the Food and Drug Administration has not been foolproof. I think we just need to see a little bit more data on this, and I think it‘s too soon to tell. //Now you‘re very concerned, I‘m sure, about pesticide residue in the foods that would reduce the dependence on pesticides in the field.I think that‘s a good thing. I‘m just concerned when they start crossing trout with tomatoes as to what happens. I‘m concerned. I will be delighted if they can make something taste wonderful and not have chemicals and pesticides. When you read that the first person that it‘s good for is agribusiness, and that they will put these things at the market or try to sell it to use without letting us know, I thin we are the right to know. I think when we have the choice to say I‘m going to buy it, or I‘m not going to. Joyce Goldstein, the owner and head chef of Square One Restaurant in San Francisco.5 What‘s happening to Home?Hey, come on in.My work came home last week. It‘s not that I‘ve never worked at home, but this was different. This job means out daughter‘s bedroom has been turned into a mini-studio and our house suddenly seems like the Bethesda bureau of NPR. During my recent vacation to get ready to come over to this show, an interview was arranged with Maggie Jackson. Her new book is called What’s happening to home? Balancing Work,life, and refuge in the Information Age. She came into NPR‘s New Work studio while my engineer came to me.The fusion of work and home is not a new phenomenon. In earlier centuries, many families lived above the store. But Maggie Jackson says that while there are similarities, there are also major differences.//Because of technology, we are able to have our bodies at home, but our minds in a different place. When you‘re on the laptop, you mind is in somewhere else, usually. Your body might be home. So you have a different relationship with the people at home. You are doing work that separates you mentally from the home.Your book actually began with your own exploration, right? I mean, as I writer an interviewer…Yes.…and raising two small children, your won lines began to blur at home. You wrote about, for example, trying to hurry your kids to bed so you could get back to work.Yes, that was, although I can‘t say it only happened just once, that was a sort of eureka moment. For me, I was writing about the world of the workplace, the work/ life balance, and noticing that the lines were blurring and also, at the same time at home, I was gaining the technology to be more flexible in my work. O could come home for dinner, put the kids to bed, finish a story or interview people in California- and I‘m on the East Coast- and I had a lot of flexibility. At the same time, I felt as though my work was seeping and leaking and bleeding into the rest of my house. //Let me tell you my situation here. I love the fact that I‘m sitting at home right now. I‘ve had a cup of coffee, I‘m sitting in a very comfortable armchair. I have a beautiful view. Now that being said, I do have a home office now and I feel as if, if I close the door, the officer is going to be…there. How else can one set psychological boundaries in the home to keep work from interfering, aside from a physical boundary?Well, I think that boundary is the perfect word to use because I am certainly not saying that all technology automatically means the work takes over your life or that, in this day and age, all the changes that are going on are bad, I think that the—you know, are making is important, and I think that in this age we don‘t make enough boundaries. //I‘m looking at page 123 of your book, and you quote Olivier Marc, ―Home allows us to create an area of peace, calm and security, for once we have crossed the threshold and shut the door behind us, we can be at one with ourselves, and we‘re notnecessarily talking about architecture and physical doors.Exactly. And I just found so many pieces of the picture al around me that show that that kind of experience of home is being lost if we continue down the road. Not everyone lives in futuristic households. I wrote about an apartment in New York City where a currency trader has video monitors all around the apartment, including in the arm of a sofa, so he can watch the markets. Now this is the kind, again, of sort of scifi apartment that few of us will ever have. But at the same time, I think that we are marching down that road in little daily decisions that we make.Are all Americans facing these sorts of issues? What about those who are not in these maybe high-tech, high-creative, high-paying jobs? Are they facing these same issues?I think in many ways they are, and many more people will be facing these issues as technology, computers, etc., gadgets become smaller and less expensive. I interviewed secretaries all around the country and just in the last few years they have gotten cell phones and they‘re checking their voice mail and e-mail on vacations, on sick days. They really felt often as if their home wasn‘t a refuge as a result, and I think that we are going to find more and more people are going to be facing the kinds of problems and dilemmas I describe.Maggie Jackson, thanks a lot.You‘re welcome. Thank you.Maggie Jackson is the author of What’s happening to home? Balancing Work, life, and refuge in the Information Age.//6 Create Controversy to Generate publicity Benetton has produced a set of controversial ads which, even in these hard times for advertising revenues, magazines are turning down. The three controversial ads depict a very young nun kissing a priest, a newborn baby only seconds old, and a little blonde white girl next to a little black boy whose hair is fashioned into something that looks a little bit like horns. Our own bob Garfield, in his other life, is the advertising critic for Advertising Age magazine, and since he has opinions about practically everything, and professionally he has opinions about advertising, we called in. //Bob, what about these ads? What do nuns and priests and newborns and little toddlers blonde and black have to do with selling T-shirt?Well, they have everything to do with us doing this interview right now. An important element of this whole campaign is to create controversy and to generate publicity, which not only has an immediate value all of its won, it also enhances every consumer exposure to Benettom ads in their natural habitat, so that when you‘re paging through some magazine and run across a picture of this newborn baby covered with the blood and the vernix and with the umbilicus still attached, instead of casually passing it, being aware of the controversy, you‘re apt to look at it more seriously and to react one way or another-probably with anger or disgust, is my guess. //I think that if you were paging through a magazine and saw this picture, you wound stop could, even if you‘d never heard of the ad or Benetton…because it is such an arresting picture, this baby, you could stop cold, even if you‘d never heard of the ad or Benetton…Because it is such an arresting picture, this baby.Well, it is that,…uh, arresting, some would say disgusting. And I suppose the Benetton people would say that it‘s magnificent and natural. Uh I think a large intestine is natural and kind of magnificent in its way, but I sure don‘t want too see it in the middle of a fashion magazine, though I suppose that‘s next. //Essence and Child magazines did not take the ad with the two children. Self, which published the baby, refused the nun. Cosmo decided it did not see itself with a newborn baby in its pages. Now, were you surprised? I mean. I‘m surprised by that. This is a double page ad, and magazines are awfully skinny; it seems to me they‘re being awfully touchy about it.Oh, I don‘t know if awfully touchy is right. I mean, I frankly don‘t think Benetton really expected these ads to be accepted by anyone. I‘m little surprised that the newborn one was in the pages of Self, which published the baby in its pages. The ads were created for the express purpose of ticking people off, for creating controversy, for inflaming consumer outrage, and so forth and so on, an it‘s really very cunning advertising, Linda, for a lot of reasons. Not only is there the publicity benefit, they also are a great example of what I call distraction marketing. And it‘s distracting, because, rather than focus on trying to come up with some sort of rational benefit for buying a $49 cotton T-shirt, which Benetton knows is not a rational kind of consumer behavior, they‘re kind of playing a little three-card monte in creating a distraction over here so you won‘t pay attention to the facts of the matter over on the other side, the facts of the matter being that a $119 cardigan sweater is not a particularly good buy.Thanks very much.My pleasure.Bob Garfield, when he is not appearing on national Public Radio, is the advertising。
高级实用英语视听说(2)1-12单元听力原文
1 A Courtesy CampaignBob Edwards, host: Nearly half of all American adults have wireless telephones. People are buying them at a rate of 46,000 a day. The rise of portable phones has been accompanied by a rise in complaints about mobile phone manners.A few cities have passed laws restricting their use. But San Diego‘s trying a different approach, appealing to cell phone users with a courtesy campaign.From member station KPBS, Scott Horsley reports.Scott Horsley Reporting: It seems to be happening more and more, in restaurants, movie theaters, even in church. Soundbite of Cell Phone Ringing Horsley: When it comes to the shrill interruption of a ringing cell phone, no place it seems is sacred.Reverend Wendy Craig-Purcell: Well, if we‘re in the middle of prayer and meditation, I usually just ignore it. And I may make a comment afterwards, something like, ―Well, you know, maybe the spirit of God is truly calling us and wanting our attention.‖\\Horsley: Not everyone is as forgiving as Reverend Wendy Craig-Purcell of San Diego‘s Church of Today. And not everyone views the cell phone as an instrument of divine intervention. When San Diego Mayor Susan Golding conducted an Internet survey last year, thousands of people responded calling for restrictions on cell phone use, especially in movie theatres.Mayor Susan Golding: I know that I‘ve been in the movies. And it‘s at the quiet time when everyone‘s on the edge of their seat and the phone rings next to you and the person starts to talk in a very loud voice.Horsley: But rather than proposing regulation, Mayor Golding has launched a voluntary courtesy campaign, urging wireless phone users to mind their mobile manners. The campaign includes stickers that business can display, reminding customers they‘re in a quite zone. The mayor herself posted a sticker outside one movie theatre as Doug Cohen looked on in approval. Cohen is a real estate broker whose own cell phone gets plenty of use, but he agrees there ought to be limits.Doug Cohen: I have a very good friends that I won‘t eat lunch with. They just can‘t get away from it. So it‘s … there‘s an etiquette. It‘s just like driving or anything else, you know. Some people will subscribe to a certain politeness and some people won‘t. But it‘s nice that there‘s an issue raised here. \\Horsley: San Diego might seem like an unlikely place to raise the issue of rude cell phone use since the cell phone industry is one of the city‘s biggest employers, with companies like Qualcomm and Nokia. But Nokia is actually sponsoring the mayor‘s courtesy campaign. Vice President Larry Paulson says customers should set phone is vibrate rather than ring in certain settings, and sometimes even turn their phones off.Larry Paulson: Certainly, I think everyone agrees with this. In certain public areas such as movie theaters, plays, churches, museums, and libraries, talking can be very disruptive and, essentially, it‘s a violation of basic courtesy. Horsley: Cell phone companies realize a public backlash isn‘t good for their business. And with communities in Ohio and New Jersey already banning cell phone use behind the wheel, the industry may see a courtesy campaign as a way to head off further government regulation, like the beer companies urging their customers to drink responsibly. \\ Instead of a strict enforcer, Mayor Golding hopes to play a gentle Miss Manners. The real Miss Manners, newspaper columnist Judith Martin, thinks that might work better, anyway.Judith Martin: If you use the heavy hand of the law for everyday trivial things, you create this state where everybody is angry at everybody else, where the courts are clogged up.This is a very simple thing we‘re talking about: don‘t disturb people, you know. Don‘t talk at eh movies. Don‘t talk on the phone in the movies. Don‘t talk to the person next to you in the movies.Horsley: Martin says it‘s not unusual when new technologies develop for people to believe they‘re in an etiquette-free zone. But gradually, a consensus develops about how the tools should be used. With cell phones, she says, we‘re halfway there. \\People agree that others shouldn‘t annoy them with their phones, but they don‘t necessarily apply the same rules with themselves. That will be the challenge, as Mayor Golding demonstrated during a news conference kicking off her courtesy campaign.Mayor Golding: I think we will influence a great number of people to stop and think.Soundbite of Cell Phone RingingMayor Golding: For example, my phone is ringing right now. But I think we will influence a lot of people to turn off their cell phones or to put them or vibrate.Clearly, there are places…and this doesn‘t even hang up well. But because I want to be courteous and not answer it during this press conference.Horsley: The mayor later explained that hers was a new phone, and she hadn‘t figured out all the settings. She got a quick lesson from the Nokia vie president in how to turn of the ringer. For NPR News, I‘m Scott Horsley in San Diego.1.Reverend Wendy Craig-Purcell: Well, if we‘re in the middle of prayer and meditation, I usually just ignore it. AndI may make a comment afterwards, something like, ―Well, you know, maybe the spirit of God is truly calling usand wanting our attention.‖2. Mayor Susan Golding: I know that I‘ve been in the movies. And it‘s at the quiettime when everyone‘s on the edge of their seat and the phone rings next to you and the person starts to talk in a very loud voice.3.Doug Cohen: I have a very good friends that I won‘t eat lunch with. They just can‘t get away from it. So it‘s …there‘s an etiquette. It‘s just like driving or anything else, you know. Some people will subscribe to a certain politeness and some people won‘t. But it‘s nice that there‘s an issue raised here.4. Larry Paulson: Certainly, I think everyone agrees with this. In certain public areas such as movie theaters, plays,churches, museums, and libraries, talking can be very disruptive and, essentially, it‘s a violation of basic courtesy.5. Judith Martin: If you use the heavy hand of the law for everyday trivial things, you create this state whereeverybody is angry at everybody else, where the courts are clogged up. This is a very simple thing we‘re talking about: don‘t disturb people, you know. Don‘t talk at eh movies. Don‘t talk on the phone in the movies. Don‘t talk to the person next to you in the movies.2 Give me my place to smokeMy name is Michael, and I‘ve been smoking for fifteen years.My name is Peggy, and I‘ve been smoking for probably thirty and thirty-five years.Peggy and Michael sit in a smoky neighborhood bar in Washington D.C., a cigarette perched in each other‘s hands. They say there are fewer and fewer places like this, where they feel completely comfortable lighting up, and they expect the EPA report on secondhand smoke to contribute to further restrictions on smoking in public places. They both say they are keenly aware of the reception they get when they smoke, and how that has changed over the years. Thirty-five years ago you really didn‘t give a lot of thought to smoking. Now you do. And of course you‘re finding that it‘s much less acceptable, much less popular, shall we say, to be smoker. And I don‘t know how much of that is basically political, and how much is apolitical. I don‘t like the atmosphere today, not only for smoking, but I find that that‘s true in many other areas of freedom. //How do you experience it? How do you get that feeling from other people?Well, fifteen years ago you didn‘t think about it. Y ou walked in to someone‘s house and they would offer you an ashtray. Y ou don‘t do that anymore. I don‘t even ask anymore. ―Is it OK if we smoke?‖ because for a while there it was. ―Well, I really wish you wouldn‘t.‖And that was awkward?No, it wasn‘t awkward; it‘s just that you learn not to ask anymore, and just assume that it‘s not right.I found it awkward.Y ou go to parties now. Y ou know, where it used to be that everybody was standing around with a cocktail in one hand and a cigarette in the other and blabbing, and now you see the smokers, kind of …if it‘s an apartment, furtively standing around an open window, or if it‘s a house, standing outside in groups. It‘s pretty common. //Has it changed your smoking habits in any way?That‘s hard to say. I will say this: I know that I‘m much more cognizant of my surroundings. For example, if I walk into someone else‘s office any more, I would never think to take a cigarette. And like he said, in someone‘s home, you wouldn‘t automatically sit down and have a cigarette. So in that regard, yes.Y eah. I mean, I‘ve develop a whole body language about smoking in groups and in places where it is permissible tosmoke.Oh, yes.It‘s … take a drag.As you are doing right now.Right, blow it straight up in the air so that it doesn‘t get in anybody‘s face, then try to hold your cigarette so that the wind catches, whatever wind there is catches it so that it goes away from the group. So after a while, you look like a factory. Y ou‘re blowing smoke straight up, and you‘ve got this cigarette flying out in the air there, //it‘s whole body language.And you do look a bit strange, you‘re right, now that you say that. Do you feel any defiance?I don‘t think I do. I‘ve never felt a desire to inflict my habit on anybody else.I guess I don‘t mean inflict your habit. I think when I mean defiance, what I mean by that is, if you are in an area where it is totally acceptable to smoke, that…but you know that there is someone there who doesn‘t really want you to smoke.Y es, yes. Actually, one afternoon I was coming home from work. I was walking up Connections Avenue and I had my Walkman on. It had been kind of a rough day, and I was puffing away on a cigarette and walking up the street, and someone came around in front of me and pointed behind me. So I took my Walkman off, and turned around, and there was this man standing there, and he was going, ―Excuse me, your cigarette is in my eyes.‖And you were outside.I was outside, on the sidewalk. And I looked at him, and I said, ―Well, then walk in front of me.‖ And I just felt like he was his own private smoking patrol. It had nothing to do with any kind of physical discomfort I was causing him. And did you wonder if, the next day, he was part of the fur patrol? That‘s what I think I mean about defiance. I find that in myself, that when they make a judgment, and that‘s basically what they‘re doing, they‘re making a judgment on my behavior. //Do you understand at all, though, this strong feeling that people have about smoking, that if they‘re not a smoker, they don‘t want to be around it, they don‘t want to inhale the smoke?Y es, I can understand it. Sure. I mean, I‘ve really knuckled under… I have changed my habits to respect the rights of people who don‘t want smoke around them, and I‘m much more cognizant of how my smoking might be affecting the general area. If I'm in a smoking section, I feel that I‘m entitled to smoke. If they take away that smoking section, I won‘t smoke in there anymore.I wouldn‘t go there anymore, If it‘s a matter of spending my money in a restaurant, for example, I wouldn‘t spend my money there. But in regard to that, yes, I understand it, but I also feel, again, back to equity. Give me my place to smoke. That‘s all I ask.Peggy and Michael both live in Washington, D.C. //3 Kids and the mediaThe excesses of the media came under scrutiny this month over how young people are used as sources in news stories. ABC News has been under fire for airing an interview with six-year-old Elian Gonzalez, as many other networks for airing a home videotape of the child. Last year, CNN was criticized when it broadcast phone calls from students at Columbine High School as the shootings there were taking place. NPR‘s Rick Karr reports on the choices journalists make in dealing with children in the news. When ABC‘s Diane Sawyer introduced her interview with Elian Gonzalez, she referred to one of the bedrock rules of the craft of journalism: Get the story straight from the source.And even though the media has had him under twenty-hour-a-day surveillance and written, by our calculation, 11,984 articles about the politics of all this, not one of us has sat down and looked in to his eyes.Just looking into his eyes would have been fine, according to Bob Steel. E‘s a journalistic ethicist at the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida.The problem is when he was interviewed. For Diane Sawyer or any other journalist to ask him questions of the weight that were asked of him about his mother and the loss of his mother, about whether he wants to stay in Florida, in the United States, or return to Cuba- these are questions that are beyond the grasp of a six-year-old in terms of taking witha journalist in a meaningful way. //Steel says journalists need, first and foremost, to consider whether or not a child is mature enough to actually shed light on a story. An immature child may not know fact from fantasy and while that‘s no big deal if the story is on, say, Chicagoans‘ hopes for this year‘s White Sox, where a six-year-old might have as much to say as any other pundit, it‘s much more pressing a concern when international relations or criminal allegations are at stake. It‘s not solely a matter of chronological age, Steel says; trauma can make even adults regress to childhood. Steele says journalists need to step back and fight the urge to get it done right this second.Slow down enough that you can assess the situation and assess the individuals who may be the witnesses and may be the interview sources in a particular story, and to ascertain the best we can at hat moment what kind of vulnerability they may have. //Sometimes witnesses to a crime can be vulnerable in terms of the perpetrator going after those witnesses.Bob, is it outside the school right now or are they still inside, can you tell?They‘re inside….they‘re inside the building. I haven‘t seen…CNN and a local Denver television station were criticized last year when they broadcast this tape and others like it: cell phone calls from students hiding in and around Columbine High School, which Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris could, in theory, have used to pinpoint the locations of their intended victims.They‘re OK. One of my friends is still in the school, though.Really?I guess his mother paged hi. He called her back, said that he‘s … I guess he‘s in the choir room.Suzanne McCarroll was on the scene at Columbine High School that day. She‘s a reporter with KCNC, Denver‘s CBS station. She says in breaking news situations, judging right from wrong is a matter of gut instinct.A lot of time I look at the those kid s‘faces I think, ―Oh, my God, this could be one of my kids and am I doing something that‘s OK if this were my child, if somebody came up and started interviewing my child about whatever given topic or grilling my child with those questions?‖McCarroll says when she‘s interviewing kids, parental consent doesn‘t mean much. Sometimes parents are more confused than kids and sometimes they give their consent for the wrong reasons. Suzanne McCarroll won praise from media critics for her sensitive handling of Columbine. But journalism is a deeply competitive field and sometimes the urge to scoop the competition trumps the gut check. So had she been in Diane Sawyer‘s shoes, would she have interviewed Elian?I don‘t know…I…you know, I would hat to…I don‘t know. I…truthfully, I uses, I don‘t think I would‘ve, but I‘m not in her position.Suzanne McCarroll says the bottom line of practicing ethical journalism where children are concerned is context. What‘s going on around the kid in question? How has the reporter couched the interview?Bob Steel of the Poynter Institute says it would be hard to confuse the tape of Elian Gonzalez, provided to the media on Thursday by his Miami relatives, with journalism. The question is: When it showed up on the evening news,how was it presented?Steel says the listeners, readers, and viewers need to keep questions like that in mind. Rick Karr, NPR News.4 Is it a sculpture，or is it foodIn the near future, you might be able to buy a tomato in the supermarket that has been genetically designed and engineered, a tomato that would stay ripe much longer, strawberries that are not so fragile in freezing temperatures, vegetable oil that‘s lower in fat. Already on the market: a gene-spliced product that‘s used in cheese making. There are impressive claims being made for genetic manipulation of food, including production increases that could help alleviate world hunger. But there‘s also concern, and indeed some fear, about the use of gene-splicing techniques; and last week more than 1,000 chefs from restaurants all around the country made a pledge they will mot serve such foods, and they‘ll work to see that genetically engineered foods are labeled as such. It was announced back in May that no special labeling would be required. Joyce Goldstein has joined the boycott. She‘s the owner of Square One Restaurant in San Francisco. //When I first heard about it, I thought, well, they‘re not even talking about flavor. The only thing they‘re talking aboutis how long they can keep the damn thing in the shelf.Y ou are talking about tomato, basically.Basically the tomato. Y ou know, you worry how long they want to keep it. Is it a sculpture or is it food? And I just kept thinking, I hope that we will get to find out more about this, and that they‘ll do some testing. For example, if they‘re using these trout genes in other products, and we have customers with fish allergies, are they going to get sick? There‘s the idea that they would use a fish gene to make tomatoes more frost-resistant.Right, well I mean, will people with fish allergies have responses to this, or will that be so sublimed that they won‘t have any effect? I guess the thing is, when a new product comes on the market like this, number one, you‘d like to be aware that it‘s being sold to you, and number two, you‘d like to know that they have checked out all of these ramifications before they put it on the shelf. //It sounds like your concerns are more practical than others‘. Other people are talking about science fiction food; and I‘ve heard it referred to as ―Franken food‖ in the past.Well, you know, it‘s very easy to poke fun at—and I want to put this in quotes—―progress.‖ I mean, those of us that were attached to typewriters, I think, poked fun at people using computers until we started using them. So I don‘t want to sound like I‘m some old fogey saying, ―In the old days we didn‘t do it that way.‖If they would come up with a wonderful product through genetic—I mean, they‘ve done wonderful roses with genetic breeding that are perfectly beautiful and still have some scent- If they could do this and prove it was safe to the public, I‘m not going to say it‘s a bad thing. All I‘m saying is, right now we have a lot of nonknowledge about this stuff, and until things are tested and until we know what they taste like and how they are, we don‘t want to put them on the menu.There‘s an argument that‘s being made that this could be, I‘ve seen one quotation, ―the biggest boon to corporate profits since frozen food.‖ that this could be that big a breakthrough in the food area.Well, they‘re always worrying about corporate profit. What if the stuff turns out not to be good?I got a letter from a lady the other day, who said she‘s the wife of a scientist, and she would prefer to serve genetically engineered food to her children, and I shouldn‘t worry because it‘s under the wonderful eye of the Food and Drug Administration, and she will boycott my restaurant as long as I boycott these foods. And I started thinking, God, with an attitude like that I certainly don‘t want her eating in my restaurant anyway.But also, I mean the Food and Drug Administration has not been foolproof. I think we just need to see a little bit more data on this, and I think it‘s too soon to tell. //Now you‘re very concerned, I‘m sure, about pesticide residue in the foods that would reduce the dependence on pesticides in the field.I think that‘s a good thing. I‘m just concerned when they start crossing trout with tomatoes as to what happens. I‘m concerned. I will be delighted if they can make something taste wonderful and not have chemicals and pesticides. When you read that the first person that it‘s good for is agribusiness, and that they will put these things at the market or try to sell it to use without letting us know, I thin we are the right to know. I think when we have the choice to say I‘m going to buy it, or I‘m not going to.Joyce Goldstein, the owner and head chef of Square One Restaurant in San Francisco.5 What‘s happening to Home?Hey, come on in.My work came home last week. It‘s not that I‘ve never worked at home, but this was different. This job means out daughter‘s bedroom has been turned into a mini-studio and our house suddenly seems like the Bethesda bureau of NPR. During my recent vacation to get ready to come over to this show, an interview was arranged with Maggie Jackson. Her new book is called What’s happening to home? Balancing Work, life, and refuge in the Information Age. She came into NPR‘s New Work studio while my engineer came to me.The fusion of work and home is not a new phenomenon. In earlier centuries, many families lived above the store. But Maggie Jackson says that while there are similarities, there are also major differences.//Because of technology, we are able to have our bodies at home, but our minds in a different place. When you‘re on the laptop, you mind is in somewhere else, usually. Y our body might be home. So you have a different relationship withthe people at home. Y ou are doing work that separates you mentally from the home.Y our book actually began with your own exploration, right? I mean, as I writer an interviewer…Y es.…and raising two small children, your won lines began to blur at home. Y ou wrote about, for example, trying to hurry your kids to bed so you could get back to work.Y es, that was, although I can‘t say it only happened just once, that was a sort of eureka moment. For me, I was writing about the world of the workplace, the work/ life balance, and noticing that the lines were blurring and also, at the same time at home, I was gaining the technology to be more flexible in my work. O could come home for dinner, put the kids to bed, finish a story or interview people in California- and I‘m on the East Coast- and I had a lot of flexibility. At the same time, I felt as though my work was seeping and leaking and bleeding into the rest of my house. //Let me tell you my situation here. I love the fact that I‘m sitting at home right now. I‘ve had a cup of coffee, I‘m sitting in a very comfortable armchair. I have a beautiful view. Now that being said, I do have a home office now and I feel as if, if I close the door, the officer is going to be… there. How else can one set psychological boundaries in the home to keep work from interfering, aside from a physical boundary?Well, I think that boundary is the perfect word to use because I am certainly not saying that all technology automatically means the work takes over your life or that, in this day and age, all the changes that are going on are bad, I think that the—you know, are making is important, and I think that in this age we don‘t make enough boundaries. // I‘m looking at page 123 of your book, and you quote Olivier Marc, ―Home allows us to create an area of peace, calm and security, for once we have crossed the threshold and shut the door behind us, we can be at one with ourselves, and we‘re not necessarily talking about architecture and physical doors.Exactly. And I just found so many pieces of the picture al around me that show that that kind of experience of home is being lost if we continue down the road. Not everyone lives in futuristic households. I wrote about an apartment in New Y ork City where a currency trader has video monitors all around the apartment, including in the arm of a sofa, so he can watch the markets. Now this is the kind, again, of sort of scifi apartment that few of us will ever have. But at the same time, I think that we are marching down that road in little daily decisions that we make.Are all Americans facing these sorts of issues? What about those who are not in these maybe high-tech, high-creative, high-paying jobs? Are they facing these same issues?I think in many ways they are, and many more people will be facing these issues as technology, computers, etc., gadgets become smaller and less expensive. I interviewed secretaries all around the country and just in the last few years they have gotten cell phones and they‘re checking their voice mail and e-mail on vacations, on sick days. They really felt often as if their home wasn‘t a refuge as a result, and I think that we are going to find more and more people are going to be facing the kinds of problems and dilemmas I describe.Maggie Jackson, thanks a lot.Y ou‘re welcome. Thank you.Maggie Jackson is the author of What’s happening to home? Balancing Work, life, and refuge in the Information Age.6 Create Controversy to Generate publicityBenetton has produced a set of controversial ads which, even in these hard times for advertising revenues, magazines are turning down. The three controversial ads depict a very young nun kissing a priest, a newborn baby only seconds old, and a little blonde white girl next to a little black boy whose hair is fashioned into something that looks a little bit like horns. Our own bob Garfield, in his other life, is the advertising critic for Advertising Age magazine, and since he has opinions about practically everything, and professionally he has opinions about advertising, we called in. //Bob, what about these ads? What do nuns and priests and newborns and little toddlers blonde and black have to do with selling T-shirt?Well, they have everything to do with us doing this interview right now. An important element of this whole campaign is to create controversy and to generate publicity, which not only has an immediate value all of its won, it also enhances every consumer exposure to Benettom ads in their natural habitat, so that when you‘re paging through some magazine and run across a picture of this newborn baby covered with the blood and the vernix and with the umbilicus still attached, instead of casually passing it, being aware of the controversy, you‘re apt to look at it more seriously andto react one way or another-probably with anger or disgust, is my guess. //I think that if you were paging through a magazine and saw this picture, you wound stop could, eve n if you‘d never heard of the ad or Benetton…because it is such an arresting picture, this baby, you could stop cold, even if you‘d never heard of the ad or Benetton…Because it is such an arresting picture, this baby.Well, it is that,…uh, arresting, some would say disgusting. And I suppose the Benetton people would say that it‘s magnificent and natural. Uh I think a large intestine is natural and kind of magnificent in its way, but I sure don‘t want too see it in the middle of a fashion magazine, though I suppose that‘s next. //Essence and Child magazines did not take the ad with the two children. Self, which published the baby, refused the nun. Cosmo decided it did not see itself with a newborn baby in its pages. Now, were you surprised? I mean. I‘m surprised by that. This is a double page ad, and magazines are awfully skinny; it seems to me they‘re being awfully touchy about it.Oh, I don‘t know if awfully touchy is right. I mean, I frankly don‘t think Benetton really expected these ads to be accepted by anyone. I‘m little surprised that the newborn one was in the pages of Self, which published the baby in its pages. The ads were created for the express purpose of ticking people off, for creating controversy, for inflaming consumer outrage, and so forth and so on, an it‘s really very cunning advertising, Linda, for a lot of reasons. Not only is there the publicity benefit, they also are a great example of what I call distraction marketing. And it‘s distracting, because, rather than focus on trying to come up with some sort of rational benefit for buying a $49 cotton T-shirt, which Benetton knows is not a rational kind of consumer behavior, they‘re kind of playing a little three-card monte in creating a distraction over here so you won‘t pay attention to the facts of the matter over on the other side, the facts of the matter being that a $119 cardigan sweater is not a particularly good buy.Thanks very much.My pleasure.Bob Garfield, when he is not appearing on national Public Radio, is the advertising critic for Advertising Age. //7 A Contribution to Make the World a Better PlaceApril is tax time, so Morning Edition will spend Tuesdays this month talking about money and what it means to rich people, the poor, and those in between. NPR‘s special correspondent Susan Stemberg starts her series with one of the world‘s wealthiest men, financier and philanthropist George Soros.Retired now, Grorge Soros ran a hedge fund, buying and selling stocks and bonds and speculating in currencies and became a multibillionaire. //Y ou said that the responsibility of handling money makes you acutely anxious?Naturally, because if you manage other people‘s money, you take risks. And that means that you can lose. So there‘s a tremendous tension. It gives you sleepless nights, psychosomatic diseases. I used to have backaches. And, in fact, the backaches used to be very useful to me in telling me that there‘s something wrong in my portfolio. My back seemed to know it before my brain did.Imagine if Wall Street had known that. They‘d have sent him for daily X-rays. This is a man who‘s given backaches, too. His currency may have contributed to Asia‘s financial crisis, a charge he denies. The story of George Soros and money began in Buddapest where he was born seventy years ago. His father was a lawyer who liked living well. Then the Nazis invaded Hungary and young George started his economics education. // When I was fourteen, being Jewish, we assumed false identities and we lived sort of underground. And my father used me to trade in currency because a fourteen-year-old boy is not suspected to be carrying currency. So he thought it was less dangerous for a kid to do it.Especially when the kid had blue eyes and blonde hair. While the father helped Jungarian Jews ge t false papers, his teenager got lessons in trading. Someone had a gold bracelet he wanted to sell. ―It‘s worth a lot of money,‖he told young George, who ran it to black marketers and got a lesson: Sellers‘ estimates are not always reliable.I learned that fast.So when you went sell it, they said, ―Oh, but look at this thing. It‘s full of dents. It‘s awful. It‘s not worth anything.‖That‘s all right, that‘s all right.。
(完整word版)视听说听力原文lesson1-13
Lesson 1 NapoleonToday, I’m going to talk to you about one of the most important historical figures in European history: Napoleon Bonaparte. Let ’s start by talking about his early life. Napoleon was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon was not a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and military science. When he was 16 years old,he joined the French army. In that year 1785,he began the military career that would bring himfame ,power,riches and finally defeat. Napoleon became a general in the French army at the young age of 24. Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804, at the age of 35,he became the first emperor of the France.Napoleon was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for him. As a result, N.won many military victories. At one time he controlled most of Europe, but some countries, including England, Russia, and Austria fought fiercely against him. His defeat —“his end”came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army.The great French conqueror died alone – deserted by his family and friends in 1821. Napoleon was only 51 years old when he died.=========================================================== Lesson 2 PompeiiThe lecture for this class is about the city of Pompeii. A natural disaster occurred there almost 2000 years ago.Today many rich people who live in large metropolitan areas such as Beijing, Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat.2,000 years ago, wealthy Romans did the same thing.They left the city of Rome in the summer. Many of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii, a beautiful city, located on the Bay of Naples.In the summer of the year 79 C.E., a young Roman boy who later became a very famous Roman historian was visiting his uncle in P.. The boy’s name was Pliny the Younger. One day Pliny was looking up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose high into the sky. What Pliny saw was the eruption of the volcano called Mount Vesuvius.Rock and ash flew through the air. The city of P . was at the foot of Mt. V.. When the volcano first erupted, manypeople were able to get out of the city and to escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash.The eruption lasted for about 3 days. When the eruption was over, P . was buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. The city of P . was forgotten for almost 1,700 years.In the year of 1748 an Italian farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the ancient city of P.. Soon archaeologists began to dig in the area. As time went by, much of the ancient city of P. was uncovered. Today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the famous city of Pompeii.===========================================================Lesson 4 Roller CoasterLet's talk about the physics involved in a ride on a roller coaster. I'm sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster. A simple roller coaster consists of a frame with a track on it. The track is very much like a train track, this track goes over a series of hills and around curves. It follows a path that ends at the same place it started. A trainof cars travels around on this track, very fast. The cars have two sets of wheels. One set of wheels rolls on top of the track, and the others set of wheels rolls below the track. The wheels below the track keep the fast moving cars from coming off the track, roller coaster cars as you probably know don't have any motors or engines. Instead, a chain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepy staff hill, this is how the ride begins. Then, at the top of the hill the chain comes off the cars and gravity takes over. gravity pushes the cars down the other side of the hill. the taller and steeper the first hill is, the faster the ride will be. And the farther the cars will travel. as the cars rolled downhill they gained speed. the cars have enough speed and energy to send them up the next hill. as the cars near the top of the second hill they begin to slow down. but then, the cars reached the top of that hill, and start down the other side. gravity again pushes them toward the ground. this process repeats on each hale. Okay, so let's go over this process again. first, the cars are pulled by a chain up the first highest hill. then they go down a very steep slope, at this point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. when they reached the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to climb the next hill, the roller coaster cars lose energy as the ride continues. so, the hills have to be smaller toward the end of the track, finally we roll to a stop on ground level right where we began.======================================================== Lesson 5 Language: How Children Acquire TheirsWhat I’d lie to talk to you about today is the topic of child language development. I know that you all are trying to develop a second language, but for a moment, let’s think about a related topic, and that is: How children develop their first language.What do we know about how babies develop their language and communication ability? Well, we know babies are able to communicate as soon as they are born,even before they learn to speak their first language. At first, they communicate by crying. This crying lets their parents know when they are hungry, or unhappy, or uncomfortable. However, they soon begin the process of acquiring their language. The first state of language acquisition begins just a few weeks after birth. At this stage, babies start to make cooing noises when they are happy. Then, around four months of age they begin to babble. Babies all over the world begin to babble around the same age, and they all begin to make the same kinds of babbling noises. Now, by the time they are ten months old, however, the babbling of babies from different language backgrounds sounds different. For example, the babbling of a baby in a Chinese-speaking home sounds different from the babbling of a baby in an English-speaking home. Babiesbegin a new stage of language development when they begin to speak their first words. At first, they invent their own words for things. For example, a baby in an English-speaking home may say ―baba‖for the word ―bottle‖or ―kiki‖for ―cat.‖In the next few months, babies will acquire a lot of words. These words are usually the names of things that are in the baby’s environment, words for food or toys, for example. They will begin to use these words to communicate with others. For example, if a baby holds up an empty juice bottle and then says ―juice,‖to his father, the baby seems to be saying, ―I want more juice, Daddy‖or ―May I have more juice, Daddy?‖This word ―juice‖is really a one-word sentence.Now, the next stage of language acquisition begins around the age of 18 months, when the babies begin to say two-word sentences. They begin to use a kind of grammar to put these words together. The speech they produce is called ―telegraphic‖speech because the babies omit all but the most essential words. An English-speaking child might say something like ―Daddy, up‖which actually could mean ―Daddy, pick me up, please.‖Then, between two and three years of age, young children begin to learn more and more grammar. For example, they begin to use the past tense of verbs. The children begin to say things such as ―I walked home‖and ―I kissed Mommy.‖They also begin toovergeneralize this new grammar rule and make a log of grammar mistakes. For example, children often say such thins as ―I goed to bed‖instead of ―I went to bed,‖or ―I eated ice cream‖instead of ―I ate ice cream.‖In other words, the children have learned the past tense rule for regular verbs such as ―walk‖and ―kiss,‖but they haven’t learned that they cannot use this rule for all verbs. Some verbs like ―eat‖are irregular, and the past tense forms for irregular verbs must be learned individually. Anyway, these mistakes are normal, and the children will soon learn to use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs correctly. The children then continue to learn other grammatical structures in the same way.If we stop to think about it, actually it’s quite amazing how quickly babies and children all over the world learn their language and how similar the process is for babies all over the world.Do you remember anything about how you learned your first language during the early years of your life? Think about the process for a minute. What was your first word? Was it ―mama‖or maybe ―papa‖? Now think also about the process of learning English as a second language. Can you remember the first word you learned in English? I doubt that it was ―mama.‖Now, think about some of the similarities anddifferences involved in the processes of child and adult language learning. We’ll talk about some similarities and differences in the first and second language learning processes tomorrow. See you then.===========================================================Lesson 7 RobotsWhen people think about a robot,they often picture a machine that look s something like a human being.However,that’s not always the case.Mo st robots do not look much like a human being at all,they look like machi nes because that’s what most of them are-industrial machines.Today,I’m going to talk mostly about industrial robots used in industry. These are robots that do work that for humans would be physically dema nding,repetitive,dangerous or very boring.Most industrial robots work on in an assembly line in a factory.For example,a robot might put liz on j ars of fruits or start boxesfor shaping.In a car factory,robotic arms on an assembly line join the parts of a car together;other robots tighten the b oats on the car’s wheelsor paint the car.There are thousands of robots p utting cars together in___plan.These robots are very precise when repe ating a task.For example,they always tighten boats with the same exact amount of force.They always move a heavy engine to exactly where it should be and they always put ahold in the exact same place in every car d oor hour after hour.These are examples of robots doing the work human s could do but the robots are doing the work more efficiently and precise ly.So,just how do robots work?To do its job a robot first needs a control s ystem.This control system directs the robots mechanical parts.The contr ol system of a robot is sort of speak--a robot brain.So how does a robot learn which action to do first and whi ch of its moving part needs to do that action?A robot learns its job with the help and guidance of a human being.To teach an industrial robot to do something,first a person must use a hand-held computer.The computer is used to guide the robot’s arm and hand through the motions it needs to do.Then,the robot stores exact movem ent in its computer memory.The robot has sensors to gather information ,so now the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions.The robot tells its moving part what to do and then it performs the action.For example, to pick up and move a box,the robot first finds the box,next it decides t he weight of the box.Then it decides how much force is needed to lift an d move the box,and finally,it finds the correct place to put the box dow n.It repeats the process over and over until it's turned off.It does the sa me job until it is given the job and new program to follow.Some scientists think that robots of the future will be smarter than today's robots.They may also look more human like or even animal like.In fact,they may wo rk and think more like humans do.The industrial robots we've been talki ng about so far today are automatic robots.They are known as automatic robots because they have program to follo w a specific series of ually,they have parts that move but t hey really don't travel around.On the other hand,an autonomous machi ne can change itsbehavior in relation to its surroundings.For example,an autonomous robot with wheelsor legs to move around can change direc tion when it senses that there are something in its way.A robot such as …can detect the movement of people nearby.It can move to avoid bump ing into ing toward it.Asthma can even learn to dance by followi ng the movements of a dancer next to it.I don't know whether or when people would welcome autonomousmachines or human like robots.I gu ess that we will not only think about that in the future.We need to think about how we will interact with our global doctor:robal teacher,robal p et,or even our robal friend.===========================================================Lesson 8 A Tidal WaveA tidal wave is a very large and very destructive wall of water that rushesin from the ocean towards the shore. Many scientists call these waves tsunami. In Japanese tsunami means “storm wave.” But do you know that tidal are not caused by storms and that they are not true tidal at all? A true tidal is the regular rise a waves and fall of ocean waters, at definite times each day, but a tidal wave comes rushing in suddenly and unexpectedly. A tidal wave is caused by an underwater earthquake. The word “seaquake” is made up of two words, the word “sea” which means “ocean” and the word “quake”. “To quake” means “to shake” or “to tremble.” When a seaquake takes place at the bottom of the ocean, the ocean floor shakes and trembles, and sometimes the ocean floor shifts. It is this shaking that produces the tidal wave. The tidal wave begins to move across the sea at great speed.Tidal waves have taken many human lives in the past. Today scientists can predict when a tidal wave will hit land. They use a seismograph to do this.A seismograph is an instrument that records the strength, the direction, and the length of time of an earthquake or seaquake. It is not possible to hold back a tidal wave, but it is possible to warn people that a tidal wave is coming. This warning can save many lives.===========================================================Lesson 9 Levels of LanguageToday I want to talk about levels of language usage. You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situation they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general, broad categories, or levels of usage: a formal level and an informal level. English is no exception. I’m not talking about correct and incorrect English. What I’m talking about are two levels of correct English. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books such as encyclopedias, and in business letters. For example, a letter to a university would be in formal style. You would also use formal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. People usually use formal English when they give classroom lectures or speeches and at ceremonies such as graduations. We also tend to use formal language in conversations with persons we don’t know well or with people we have a formal relationship with, such as professors, bosses, doctors, friends of our parents’, strangers, etc. Informal language is used in conversations with colleagues, family and friends, and when we write personal notes or letters to close friends, as well as in diaries, etc. Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. However, today I’m going to talk only about a couple of ways. First of all, formal language tends to be more polite. Interestingly, it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or familymember, "Close the door, please", but to a stranger or someone in authority I probably would say "Would you mind closing the door" or "Excuse me, could you please close the door" Using words like "could" and "would" makes my request sound more polite, but also more formal. Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. There are some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let me give you a couple of examples of what I mean. Let’s say "I’m just crazy about soccer!" But if I were talking to my supervisor or a friend of my parents’, I would probably say "I really enjoy soccer" or "I like soccer very much". Let’s say I’m telling someone some news I heard about the police arresting a criminal. To my friend I might say "The cops bagged the crook". To my parents’ friend I might say "The police arrested the thief".Although the line between formal and informal language is not always clear and although people are probably less formal today than in the past, it is useful to be aware that these two levels, or categories, do exist. The best way for a non-native speaker of English to learn the difference is to observe the different ways English speakers speak or write in different situations. Television newscasters, your college professors in class, your doctors in their offices, etc, will usually speak rather formally. However, your classmates, teammates, family members, friends, etc. will generally speak in an informal fashion. The difference can be learned over time byobserving and interacting with native speakers.===========================================================Lesson 10 Power: The Kinds People Use and Abuse John Mack, who is the author of a book about power, says that the need for a sense of personal power is one of the primary forces in human life. On the other hand, he also says that a feeling of powerlessness is one of the most disturbing of human emotions ―a feeling to be avoided at all costs. Just what is power?Psychologists define power as the ability to determine or to change the actions or behavior of other people. Psychologists are trying to identify different kinds of power so that they can better understand how people use these different kinds of power to gain control over other people. They are trying to understand how people manipulate other people for good and evil purposes. Psychologists have identified five basic types of power, and I’d like to talk about each of these briefly in the next few minutes.The first type of power is called information power. Some psychologist believe that information power is one of the mosteffective types of power and control. The person who has information that other people want and need, but do not have, is in a position of power. Why is this? Well, most people like to receive and have information. Having information increases a person’s own sense of power. People who provide information can manipulate those who do not have information. Often, when people receive information, they do not know that they are being manipulated by those who provided the information. The psychologist named Edwards says, for example, that newspapers provide a lot of information to their readers, and that these newspaper readers generally believe the information they read. Readers do not question the accuracy of the reports about world events they read in the newspapers.A second type of power is called referent power. For example, a person may want to behave like the members of a particular group, such as a soccer team ( or a group of classmates), or a person may identify with and want to be like a certain teacher, a friend, or say , a rock star. If you identify with another person, that person has power over you, and that person can influence your actions and behavior. Many people imitate and are controlled by the people they identify with. Let me give you a sad example ofthe use of this type of power for evil purposes. In the 1970s in Jonestown, Guyana, more than 900 people committed suicide when their religious leader Jim Jones told them to kill themselves. They did what he told them to do because he had referent power over them. They identified with him; they believe him, and they did what he told them to do. More recently a man named David Koresh controlled the lives and destinies of a small community of men, women, and children in Waco, Texas. Most people in his community died in a fire, along with their leader, during a confrontation with U.S. government agents.A third kind of power is classified as legitimate power. Government officials, according to Edwards, have a lot of legitimate power. When the government decides to raise taxes or make people go to war, most people will do what their government officials tell them to do. One psychologist reported on an experiment that showed an example of this type of power. In this experiment, a researcher asked people on the street to move away from a bus stop. When he was dressed as a civilian, few people moved away from the bus stop. When the researcher was dressed as a guard, most people moved away from the bus stop.The guard’s uniform seemed to give the researcher a look of legitimate power.A fourth kind of power is called expert power. An expert is a person who is very skilled in some area, such as sports, or who knows a lot about something, such as computers. Most people are impressed by the skills or knowledge of an expert. Some of these “experts” use their skills at playing sports or knowing about computers to gain power and influence ―and t o gain money or admiration, according to Edwards. In other words, they use their expertise to gain power.Finally, reward or coercive power is used by people who have the power to reward or punish another person’s actions or behavior. Giving a reward will change people’s behavior because it offers people a chance for gain. Giving a punishment may or may not cause the people to do what the powerful person wants them to do, but the changes may not last for a long time. The person who uses coercive power may also have to carefully watch thatthe less powerful person does, in fact, change his or her actions or behavior.To sum up, then, power may be gained in many ways. It may come from having information that other people want or need; it may come from being a referent for other people to identify with or to imitate; it may come from having an official, or legitimate, position of authority; it may come from having skills or expertise; or it may come from having the power to reward or punish people. We all exercise one or more of these various kinds of power over other people, and other people will try to exercise one or more of these kinds of power over us throughout our lives.==================================================Lesson11 Asian and African Elephants:Similarities and Diff erencesThe African and the Asian elephants are the largest land animals in the w orld.They are really enormous animals.The African and the Asian elepha nts are alike,or similar,in many ways,but there are differences between the2types of elephants,too.What are some of the similarities between the African and the Asian ele phant?Well,for one thing,both animals have long noses,called trunks. An elephant sometimes uses its trunk like a third hand.Both kinds of ele phants use their trunks to pick up very small objects and very large,heavy objects.They can even pick up trees with their trunks.For another thin g,both the African and the Asian elephants have very large ears,althoug h the African elephant’s ears are considerably larger.In addition,both animals are intelligent.They can be trained to do heavy work.They can also be trained to do tricks to entertain people.In other words,they both work for people,and they entertain people also.As I said before,the African and Asian elephants are alike in many ways, but they are also quite different,too.Let me explain what I mean.The Af rican elephant is larger and heavier than the Asian n eleph ants reach a height of about 10 feet, and African elephants reach about 13 feet tall.The African male elephant weighs between12,000and14,000pounds.I n contrast,the average Asian male elephant weighs between7,000and1 2,000pounds.So one is bigger than the other, but as you can see,both are still enormous animals.Another difference between the2kinds of elephants is the size of the ea n elephants have smaller ears than African elephants.The Africa n elephant has2very large teeth.These teeth are called tusks.The Asian elephanthowever sometimes does not have any tusks at all.The elephants differ i n color,too.The African elephant is dark gray in color while the Asian ele phant is light gray.Occasionally an Asian elephant is even white!The lastbig difference between the2 typesof elephants is their temperament.The Asian elephant is tamer than the African elephant, orin another way,the African elephant is much wilder than the Asian eleph ant.As a result,it’s more difficult to train the African elephant to perfor m tricks to entertain people.That’s why the elephants you see in the circ us are probably Asian elephants and not African elephants.Yes,there certainly are differences between the African and the Asian el ephants,but as I mention at the start of mytall,there is one big similarity between the2animals:they are both fasci nating and enormous animals.===========================================================Lesson 13 Lincoln and KennedyJohn F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln lived in different times and had very different family and educational backgrounds. K ennedy lived in the 20th century; Lincoln lived in the 19th cen tury. Kennedy was born in 1917, whereas Lincoln was born m ore than a hundred years earlier, in 1809. As for their family b ackgrounds, Kennedy came from a rich family, but Lincoln’s f amily was not wealthy. Because Kennedy came from a wealthy family, he was able to attend expensive private schools. He graduated from Harvard University. Lincoln, on the other hand, had only one year of formal schooling. In spite of his lack of f ormal schooling, he became a well-known lawyer. He taught himself law by reading law books. Li ncoln was, in other words, a self-educated man.In spite of these differences in Kennedy and Lincoln’s backgr ounds, some interesting similarities between the 2 men are ev ident. In fact, books have been written about the strange coin cidences in the lives of these 2 men. Take forexample ,their political careers. Lincoln began his political car eer in congress. Similarly, Kennedy also began his political car eer in congress. Lincoln was elected to the U.S. House of Repr esentatives in 1847, and Kennedy was elected to the House in 1947. So they were elected to congress exactly 100 years apart. Another interesting coincidence is that each man was e lected president of the United States in a year ending with the number 60. Lincoln was elected president in 1860, and Kenne dy was elected in 1960; furthermore, both men were presiden t during years of civil unrest in the country. Lincoln was presid ent during the American Civil War. At the time Kennedy became president,African-Americans were fighting for theircivil rights ,unrest took the form of civil rights demonstrations.Times change and it’s just over 15 more years,the United States elected its first African-American president Barack Obama. President Obama was elected in 2008 and…,but let me get back to talk about Lincoln and Kennedy.Another striking similarity between these 2 men was that, as y ou probably know, neither president lived to complete his ter m in office. Lincoln and Kennedy were both assassinated whil e in office. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 inDallas, Texas, after only 1,000 days in office. Lincoln was assas sinated in 1865 a few days after the end of the American Civil War. It’s rather curious to note that both presidents were sh ot while they were sitting next to their wives.These are only a few examples of the unusual similarities in th e destinies of these 2 Americans – men who had a tremendou s impact on the social and political life in the United States an d the imagination of the American people.。
高级英语视听说教程(戴劲 马薇娜主编)听力原文第一单元 Homework Burden原文翻译
第一单元作业负担一、贝蒂·安·鲍瑟：马萨诸塞州的牛顿市，在曲棍球上得分几乎和在教室得分一样重要。
波士顿郊区的社区拥有全国成绩最高的学校系统之一。
但在今年秋天的下午，父母邦妮·勒默很难专注于女儿索菲的游戏。
小女孩：我需要给出一个很长的结论，比如，陈述。
二、贝蒂·安·鲍泽：那是因为她被她12岁的女儿艾玛边缘化了家庭作业有问题。
三、你晚上花多少个小时做作业？你不会相信的。
艾玛：我3点回家，然后一直走到8点。
四、贝蒂·安·鲍泽：妈妈，你是什么感觉？邦妮·勒纳：太可怕了。
这真的很难，我想同时做六个人，基本上，让三个孩子都做着家庭作业。
五、贝蒂·安·鲍瑟：100多年来，家长和教育工作者一直在努力家庭作业，因为家庭作业被吹捧和谴责为提高学生表现的一种方式。
早在19世纪90年代，它就被认为对儿童的身体和社会需求有害。
在接下来的60年里，同样的论点经常出现。
然后是1957年和人造卫星号。
苏联的卫星发射让美国意识到了苏联技术的挑战，而家庭作业也被视为让美国学童更具竞争力的一种方式。
但在20世纪60年代，美国人还在想其他的事情——关于废除学校种族隔离的法庭斗争、对越南战争的抗议——以及家庭作业水平急剧下降，直到20世纪80年代，日本人在职场和课堂上的表现似乎优于美国人。
发言人：他们认为提高家庭作业的数量与此有关。
六、贝蒂·安·鲍泽：再一次，家庭作业反弹，成为美国孩子提高他们表现的一种方式。
如今，书包的大小，甚至是轮式的行李，表明家庭作业比以往任何时候都更时尚，因为全国各地的学区都在努力提高考试分数。
但再一次，一些家长，甚至一些教育工作者，都想知道孩子们是否在这个过程中遭受了痛苦。
在牛顿的威尔逊家，在一个典型的工作日晚上，现在是晚上7点，大家才能回家。
孩子们从学校、足球训练和曲棍球队都来了；父母贝丝和杰夫·威尔逊的工作是心理学家和麻醉师。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。