甜菜

旱作条件下甜菜高产高糖的生理指标研究

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摘要

内蒙古大部分地区属于干旱、半干旱地区，地表水较少，且气候干燥，降水量少，对甜菜的产质量有很大影响。生产过程中，甜菜种植户对于施肥具有盲目性，氮、磷、钾比例失调，致使甜菜地上与地下部分生长比例不协调，抗病性下降，产量和含糖率均较低，是影响甜菜产量、品质和生产效益的主要原因，不仅造成肥料浪费，也给环境带来污染。此外，种植户习惯于稀植，造成甜菜根头伸长，空心率高，含糖量下降严重影响制糖效益。

为加快旱作条件下甜菜高产高糖技术在内蒙古地区的全面推广,于2013年3-11月在内蒙古凉城县六苏木镇联合村进行肥料、密度配比试验，结果表明：旱作条件下，通过探测甜菜干旱种植区域土壤含水量状况进而确定水分的亏缺状况，可为甜菜生长状况的适时了解和评价提供参考依据；旱作条件下，叶片SPAD值可作为土壤氮肥水平评价的生理参考指标，生育后期叶片SPAD值在37.59以上时，可提高甜菜产量；旱作条件下，要实现目标产量达3.5吨以上，应通过合理密植使甜菜生育中期的叶面积指数维持在3.94以上。本研究对指导农民合理施肥、合理密植，减少环境污染等具有重要的现实意义。

关键词：甜菜；水分状况；SPAD；种植密度

The Study on Physiological Index of High Yield and

High Sugar Beet under Dry Conditions

Most area of Inner Mongolia belongs to the arid, semi arid area, surface water is less, and the dry climate, low rainfall, has a great effect on the yield and quality of sugar beet. In the process of production, sugar beet growers for fertilization with blindness, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium imbalance, resulting in beet overground and underground part growth disproportion, decreased disease resistance, yield and sugar content were lower, are the main reason yield, quality and production efficiency of sugar beet, not only caused fertilizer waste, also pollute the environment. In addition, farmers used to thin planting, resulting in beet root head elongation, high porosity, sugar decline seriously affect the sugar benefits.

For the comprehensive promotion of accelerating the high yield and high sugar beet technology under dry conditions in the Inner Mongolia area, for fertilizer, density ratio test, results show that in the village of Inner Mongolia Liangcheng County Liu Su Mu Joint Village Town in Mar. 2013 to Nov.: dry conditions, through the detection of beet drought planting area soil moisture condition and then determine the water deficit condition, for the growth of sugar beet status timely to understand and provide reference for evaluation; dry conditions, SPAD value of leaf physiological indexes can be used as soil nitrogen level evaluation in late growth stage, leaf SPAD value above 37.59, can increase the output of sugar beet; dry conditions, to achieve the goal of production of more than 3.5 tons, through reasonable close planting the leaf area index beet growing stage maintained above 3.94. This study guide farmers reasonable fertilization, rational close planting, has important practical significance to reduce environment pollution etc..

Keywords: beet; moisture; SPAD; planting density

目录

1 前言 (1)

1.1 国内外研究现状 (1)

1.1.1 水分的丰缺对甜菜生长指标的影响 (1)

1.1.2 施肥量及施肥方式对甜菜生长指标的影响 (1)

1.1.3 甜菜不同配置方式种植的试验效果 (2)

1.2 研究的目的和意义 (2)

2 材料与方法 (3)

2.1试验材料 (3)

2.2 试验方法 (3)

2.2.1 试验设计 (3)

2.2.2 数据测定 (4)

2.3 数据分析 (5)

3 结果与分析 (5)

3.1土壤水分状况指标 (5)

3.2土壤肥力状况指标 (6)

3.3 合理密植指标 (8)

4 讨论 (8)

4.1 旱作条件下土壤水分状况对甜菜生长的影响 (8)

4.2 氮肥状况对甜菜产质量的影响 (9)

4.3 旱作条件下种植密度对甜菜生长的影响 (9)

5结论 (10)

致谢 (11)

参考文献 (11)