高中英语 阅读技巧之推理判断

阅读技巧之

-----推理判断题

所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息，即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。此类考题虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。推理判断题主要包括推断隐含意思、推断目标读者、推断观点态度、推断文章出处、推断写作意图等。尤以推断隐含意义的题居多。

第一类推断隐含意义

旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。

一、常见的设问形式

推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推断，得出结论)等词语。常见的题干设题形式如下：

1．We can know from the passage that ________．

2. We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．

3．The passage/author implies/suggests that ______．

4．It can be concluded from the passage that ________．

5．The underlined sentence indicates that ________．

二、解题方法

解答这类题时，首先通过寻读找到相关信息点(推理的依据)；然后细读、理解相关信息点的字面意义；最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。解答此类题目，需注意以下几个问题：1．严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，切忌掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。

2．如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案。

3．如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案。

4．如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案。

5．文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should，must，may等)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案。

6.注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather等，则常带有否定的意味。

例The position was offered at the last minute，and I was given two weeks to prepare，a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包)and standing before my fulllength mirror，repeating the words，“Hello，class. I'm Mr.Davis.”Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12yearold boy. What can we learn about the author from the Paragraph?

A．He would be aggressive in his first class.

B．He was well prepared for his first class.

C．He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.

D．He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

推断隐含意义题。根据本段中的“But when the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.”和“I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12yearold boy.”可知本题选C。

第二类推断写作意图

推断写作意图，即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的。

一、常见的设问形式

1．The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ________．

2．The passage is meant to ________．

3．The author's purpose is to show ________．

4．The purpose of the article is to ________．

二、解题方法

作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读者某些信息三种。

解答此类题时主要有两种方法：

1．主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因此可根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。

2．文体推断法：根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。如记叙文，

特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章，其目的是娱乐读者；夹叙夹议的文章，其目的是让读者得到某种启示或教育；广告和议论文的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普说明文或新闻报告，其目的是告知读者某些信息。

例Cold weather can be hard on pets，just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.

Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out，stay outside with them. When you're cold enough to go inside，they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time，make sure they have a warm，solid shelter against the wind，thick bedding，and plenty of nonfrozen water.

What is the purpose of this text?

A．To solve a problem.

B．To give practical advice.

C．To tell an interesting story.

D．To present a research result.

推断写作目的题。根据第一段的中心句(最后一句)可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是给养宠物的人提一些实用的建议。答案：B

第三类推断观点态度

推断观点态度，即要求考生推断作者对某人某事的看法或作者所持的观点。