七年级英语语法汇总

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一、不定式和动名词:

1、省略了to的不定式:(助动词后面加动词原形)

have sb. do sth. let sb.do sth. make sb. do sth. help sb. do sth./help sb. with sth. can/may/have to/must do sth. see sb do sth (看见某人做某事,看见全过程,类似的还有:hear sb do sth , watch sb.do sth , find sb. do sth., notice sb. do sth等)

2、带to的不定式:

want to do sth. want sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. decide to do sth would like to do sth. hope to do sth.

like to do sth(一般指一次性的行为)love to do sth. remember to do sth(记得去做某事,此事还未做)stop to do sth(停下来去做某事,此事是即将要做的事)

3、带to的不定式可以作后置定语,如:something to eat(吃的东西)

4、不定式表目的:如To save class time, our teacher has us do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. 为了节约课堂时间,我们的老师要求我们在课堂上做一半练习,剩下的一半在课后作为家庭作业完成。

注意:for也可表目的,但for后面加名词或动名词,如I buy it for you.

5、动名词:(介词后面加名词或动名词)

have fun doing sth. practice doing sth. enjoy doing sth. what/how about doing sth. be busy doing sth.

spend time doing sth. be good at doing sth.(be good at sth.) like doing sth(经常性的行为,习惯爱好)

remember doing sth(记得做过某事,此事已经做了)stop doing sth(停止做某事,此事是要停止的)

see sb doing sth(看见某人正在做某事,类似的有:hear sb doing sth , watch sb.doing sth , find sb. doing sth., notice sb. doing sth)

No talking(与之类似的:No swimming , No smoking等)thanks for doing sth.

二、冠词

不定冠词:a , an 可数名词前可以加a 或an。以元音(不是元音字母)开头的名词前加an,以辅音开头的名词前加a 如:a uniform an hour There is a “u” and an “n” in the word.

定冠词:the,有指定性的名词前加the,前文出现过再次出现时前面也加the

注意:物主代词后面不加冠词(my home);某些名词前不加冠词(如国家,城市,有名字的街道,三餐,具体的年份和月份等);球类运动前不加the,而乐器前要加the。

含冠词的短语:on weekends 和on the weekend,take a bus/taxi/walk,take a photo和take photos,go to a movie和go to the movies,have

a look,have a walk,have a rest,have a good time,in the neighborhood等。

三、介词(后加名词或动名词,还可组成固定短语。但注意:home , here , there ,today, tomorrow, yesterday等词除固定短语外前面不加介词;由this, that ,these, those,each, any, every, some, all等用于表示时间概念的名词前往往不加介词。)

1、介词in

表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如:in the morning

表示“在……里面”the window is in the wall , I sit in the chair. He is in the red shirt. The bird is in the tree.

表示“排、行、组,前、后”,如:We are in Team One. in front of(在前面),in the front of (在前部)

表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing. arrive in Yueyang

表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China. 表示“用材料、语言”如:Can you say it in English? What’s this in English?

2、介词on

用来表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的某一天。如:on a rainy day

表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table. The apple is on the tree.(树的一部分)

在…队里用on,如:on the basketball team 表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.

用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road. 表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.

3、介词at

表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等(具体的,小的时间)。如:at noon , at 6 am

表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village. 用于门牌号,如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.

4、介词for

表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。

表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。

表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。

表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。

表示以具体价格购买。如:You can take it for 5 yuan each.

5、介词under表示“在…下方”(不接触),如:They were seen under the tree.

6、介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。如:She went across the street to make some purchases.

7、介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.

8、介词to表示向某处移动,如:go to school , get to school

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