英文概要写作技巧摘要
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1、100-250 words
2、the purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the paper
3、Don't use abbreviations or citations in the abstract
4、
5、
6、
Section 1. (1 sentence) Overview of problem, reference to broader question being investigated. Should be short and relatively interesting/punchy（简洁有力）.
Section 2. (1 sentence) Focused overview of what is unknown, providing context for the study and potentially including the aims or goals. Some abstracts will state the goal or
hypothesis within this sentence.
Section 3. (1-3 sentences). Methods you undertook to address the problem. This section should include an overview of the methods used, in enough detail（光描述重要细节也可以）to give the reader a general idea of what you did, but not in so much detail that the abstract becomes long and cumbersome. Including the sample size(s) and types of analyses used is
appropriate in some cases, but it is usually inappropriate to quote numerical values from statistical tests, e.g. p values.
Section 4. (2-4 sentences). General results and outcomes, stating the major, significant results.
Section 5. (1-2 sentences). Most important discussion point.
Section 6. (1 last sentence). Broader implications（含义）and importance of
results– this should tie back in to the original question at the start of the abstract.
7、Some sentence patterns for topic sentences：
The purpose of the paper is…
The primary goal of this research is…
The intention of this paper is to survey…
The overall objective of this study is…
The authors are now initiating some experimental investigation to establish…
The work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of the following…
8、Useful sentence patterns for supporting sentences：
The method used in our study is known as…
The technique we applied is referred to as…
The procedure they followed can be briefly described as…
The approach adopted extensively is called…
Detailed information has been acquired by the authors using…
9、Useful sentence patterns for concluding：
Based on the tentative analysis, it is concluded that……
In conclusion, we state that…
In summing up ,it may be stated that…
The results of the experiment indicate that…
The studies we have preformed showed that…
The pioneer studies that the authors attempted have indicated in…
10、method sentence：
①The author approaches the issue by enumerating two instances……
②A lack of commercially available solutions to the problem was identified and three
alternative solutions were subsequently designed.
11、Often Uses the Third Person
12、Often Uses Passive Voice Verbs to Describe the Researchers’ Own Action.
13、Negative results and conclusions not included.
14、Avoids abbreviation, jargon（行话、黑话）, other language shortcuts that may lead to confusion.
15、Avoids meaningless expressions (Results are provided. Discussion follows. The paper discusses three issues.)
16、Avoids adjectives and descriptive（描述性的）details and superlatives（最高级）( very, too, extremely)
17、Avoids illustration（例证）(pictures, graphs and examples)
18、Avoid specific details including data
19、Avoid quotations（引用）