介绍荷马及荷马史诗的英文PPT

The formative influence played by the Homeric epics in shaping Greek culture was widely recognized, and Homer was described as the teacher of Greece. Homer's works, which are about fifty percent speeches, provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient and medieval Greek worlds. Fragments of Homer account for nearly half of all identifiable Greek literary papyrus finds.
Some of those who argue that the Homeric poems developed gradually over a long period of time give an even later date for the composition of the poems; according to Gregory Nagy for example, they only became fixed texts in the 6th century BC.The question of the historicity of Homer the individual is known as the "Homeric question"; there is no reliable biographical information handed down from classical antiquity.
荷马像（四幅）
荷马
荷马（Homer）是位盲诗人，出生在小亚细亚 荷马简介 （一说是伊俄尼亚，一说是埃俄利斯），相传生 活在公元前8世纪至前7世纪初。在当时口传文学 流行的时代，凭心记口诵讲说世代相传的故事。 他留下的两部史诗《伊利亚特》、《奥德赛》代 表着古希腊文学最辉煌的成就，被后人誉为“最 伟大的古代史诗”，在世界文学史上有着无可取 代的地位，并对后世产生了深远影响。 荷马史诗（包括《伊利亚特》、《奥德赛》）是 古希腊文学辉煌的代表，其内容丰富多彩，堪称 人类童年社会的“百科全书”。《奥德赛》叙述 的是希腊英雄俄底修斯在特洛伊战争结束后历经 十年重返家园的故事。
《荷马史诗》是相传由古希腊盲诗人荷马创 作的两部长篇史诗《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》 的统称。两部史诗都分成24卷，这两部史诗 最初可能只是基于古代传说的口头文学，靠 着乐师的背诵流传。它作为史料，不仅反映 了公元前11世纪到公元前9世纪的社会情况， 而且反映了迈锡尼文明。它再现了古代希腊 社会的图景，是研究早期社会的重要史料。 《荷马史诗》不仅具有文学艺术上的重要价 值，它在历史、地理、考古学和民俗学方面 也提供给后世很多值得研究的东西。
荷马史诗的思想内容
荷马史诗是远古希腊社会和生活的百科全 书，反映了氏族社会逐渐瓦解，奴隶制逐 渐建立历史进程中的社会生活情况。
反映了古希腊人的思想观念（道德、信仰 等）
荷马史诗的基本内容
《伊利亚特》(Iliad) “伊利昂之歌” :
《奥德赛》(OБайду номын сангаасyssey) “关于奥德修的故事”
《伊利亚特》(Iliad) “伊利昂之歌”
荷马史诗是欧洲叙事诗的典范，被认 为是最伟大的古代史诗，是世界文学 史上有着无可取代的地位，马克思称 其是具有「永久的魅力」，是「一种 规范和高不可及的范本。」荷马史诗 对后世文学影响深远，但丁、莎士比 亚、歌德、托尔斯泰等享誉世界的文 学家们都十分推崇荷马史诗，并从中 获取过丰富的文学养分。 荷马与但丁、莎士比亚、歌德被西方 文学界并称为世界四大诗人。而荷马 则又被但丁在《神曲》中誉为「诗人 之王」。
When he lived is controversial. Herodotus estimates that Homer lived 400 years before Herodotus' own time, which would place him at around 850 BC;while other ancient sources claim that he lived much nearer to the supposed time of the Trojan War, in the early 12th century BC.
神话传说： 起于：不和的金苹果
止于：特洛亚木马
特洛伊木马
史诗故事集中于：阿喀琉斯的愤怒
《奥德赛》
*奥德修斯的历险记 *独眼巨人 *将人变成猪的神女 *用歌声引诱和伤害人的人 面鸟身女妖 *海怪、冥土 *两条线索：海上历险，夫 妻团聚 *奥德修斯，佩涅洛佩，忒 勒马科斯
——情节人物
《奥德赛》(Odyssey) “关于奥德修的故事”
求婚竞赛
智斗独眼巨人
奥德修斯与潘奈洛佩的团聚
Odysseus threatens Circe
塞壬的歌声
In the Western classical tradition, Homer ( /ˈho ʊmər/), is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest ancient Greek epic poet. These epics lie at the beginning of the Western canon of literature, and have had an enormous influence on the history of literature.
The poems are generally seen as the culmination of many generations of oral story-telling, in a tradition with a welldeveloped formulaic system of poetic composition. Some scholars, such as Martin West, claim that "Homer" is "not the name of a historical poet, but a fictitious or constructed name
1——4卷，出征后的家庭情况；
5——12卷，海上漂流与遇险、 脱险；
13——24卷，报复求婚者，家 人团聚 。
5-8卷，写俄底修斯离开神女岛，从海上漂 流到一个海岛上，被劳西嘉雅公主所救 。 9-12卷，写俄底修斯在阿吉诺的宫中追忆 自己在特洛亚战后的海上漂流经过。
潘奈洛佩的诡计
劳西嘉雅解救奥德修斯
For modern scholars "the date of Homer" refers not to an individual, but to the period when the epics were created. The consensus is that "the Iliad and the Odyssey date from around the 8th century BC, the Iliad being composed before the Odyssey, perhaps by some decades,"[3] i.e. earlier than Hesiod,[4] the Iliad being the oldest work of Western literature. Over the past few decades, some scholars have argued for a 7th century BC date.