思科交换机入门基础培训PPT

路由问题: Using Default Gateways
Router Redundancy
Router Redundancy
HSRP热备份路由协议
在HSRP 组中的多台路由器共同虚拟出一台virtual router
The Active Router
The active router responds to ARP requests with the MAC address of the virtual router.
分级网络模型
分层的园区网络
What Is an VLAN?
• 逻辑子网，一个VLAN就是一个广播域
VLAN Configuration Modes
Global Mode
Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# vlan 3 Switch(config-vlan)# name Vlan3 Switch(config-vlan)# exit Switch(config)# end
HSRP Standby State
HSRP Active State
HSRP Configuration
Displaying the Standby Brief Status
Switch#show standby brief
P indicates configured to preempt.
Provide a VLAN name.
Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access
Place the switch port into access mode.
Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan vlan_id
Associate the access switch port with a V百度文库AN.
VLAN Access Ports
The access switch port associated with a single data VLAN
Configuring an Access VLAN
Switch(config)# vlan vlan_id
Create a VLAN.
Switch(config-vlan)# name vlan_name
Maintaining Specific VLAN Identification
• Specifically developed for multi-VLAN interswitch communications
• Places a unique identifier in each frame • Functions at Layer 2
Trunking with ISL
• Is a Cisco proprietary protocol
• Supports PVST • Uses an encapsulation
process • Does not modify the
original frame
802.1Q Trunk Configuration
The Virtual Router MAC Address
The Standby Router
The standby router listens for periodic hello messages on 224.0.0.2.
Active and Standby Router 交互
HSRP States
VLAN Trunking
Trunking with 802.1Q
• An IEEE standard • Adds a 4-byte tag to
the original frame • Additional tag
includes a priority field • Does not tag frames that belong to the native VLAN • Supports Cisco IP telephony
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 5/8 Switch(config-if)#shutdown Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,5,11,1002-1005 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk Switch(config-if)#switchport nonegotiate Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
Layer 3 SVI
SVI on a Multilayer Switch
Configure ip routing interface vlan 10 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 interface vlan 20 ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 Verify show ip route
An HSRP router can be in one of six different states: Initial Learn Listen Speak Standby Active
HSRP Initial State
HSRP Learn State
HSRP Listen State
HSRP Speak State
思科交换机入门基础培训PPT
Layer 3 Routing
• 每个端口为一个广播域 • 在不同的分段可以应用ACL
存在问题 每个端口花费成本过高 要求路由实现三层处理 延时高于二层交换
Multilayer Switching
• 组成 • Layer 2 switching • Layer 3 switching • Layer 4 switching • 高速可靠 • 低延时