英语论文范文:《构词法在单词记忆中的应用》

英语论文范文:《构词法在单词记忆中的应用》
英语论文范文:《构词法在单词记忆中的应用》

院系:文经学院外语系

班级:文英091-3

学号:200990503332

姓名:刘华伟

构词法在单词记忆中的应用

摘要:“如何背单词”、“为什么我总是记不住”、“怎样背单词才最有效”等等类似的问题是困扰着学生的问题,关于这些问题,我一直都在思考并试图找到一个答案能够帮助学生们解决这些问题,因为大学英语的学习中,单词的掌握占据了很重要的地位。“构词法”是一个很好的突破口,通过在教学中引入“构词法”的讲解,学生掌握了背单词的技巧和规律,背单词“事半功倍”。这种方法不仅能帮助学生扩大词汇量还能将单词记牢,甚至还可以利用这种方法去理解从没见过的陌生词汇的意思。它能够在有限的时间内扩展学生的词汇量,根据上下文理解陌生单词,举一反三,同时记忆尽可能多的相关单词,使学生提高英语自学能力,在独立思考的情况下记忆一系列单词。

关键词:构词法;合成法;派生法;转类法;记忆单词

1.引言

作为一名高职院校英语教师,笔者已经在教学岗位上工作了三年的时间,在这三年的实际教学过程中被学生询问的最多的关于英语学习的问题就是“如何背单词”、“为什么我总是记不住”、“怎样背单词才最有效”等等类似的问题。关于这些问题,我一直都在思考并试图找到一个答案能够帮助学生们解决这些问题。因为大学英语的学习中,单词的掌握占据了很重要的地位。对于学生来

说,尤其是对这些非英语专业的学生来说,能否记住尽可能多的单词、能不能将背过的单词牢牢掌握以及单词量的大小决定了他们英语成绩的高低,甚至会影响他们今后学习英语的兴趣和信心。

经过一直以来的研究和思考,我试图能找到一种方法,这种方法不仅能帮助学生扩大词汇量还能将单词记牢,甚至还可以利用这种方法去理解从没见过的陌生词汇的意思,因为在大量记忆单词的过程中,如果没有一个好的方法指导,学生会在浩瀚的英语单词中感到迷茫、泄气,甚至是挫败。我发现“构词法”是一个很好的突破口,通过在教学中引入“构词法”的讲解,学生掌握了背单词的技巧和规律,背单词“事半功倍”。

2 . 构词法基本分类

在英语中有许多种构成单词的方法,下面就介绍几种在日常授课中经常用到的也是学生比较好掌握的构词法。合成法:合成法是指由两个或三个词组成一个新词的构词法,它的使用非常普遍,今天英语中大量的词语是由合成法产生的。派生法:也叫词缀法。这种构词法一般是通过在已有词语的词根加上前缀或后缀而形

成一个新的词语。转类法:这种构词法是指,不通过给一个已有词语加上前缀或后缀却能改变这个词语的词性或词义。

3 .构词法在单词记忆中的应用

在日常的课堂教学中,通过使用构词法的讲解使学生很快并且轻松增加词汇量,这方发法最大的好处就在于它能帮助学生分析并理解词语是怎么构成的,对词语的构成过程和组成的了解对学生掌握大量的英语单词起到了巨大的作用。

合成法的使用,这种构词法在我所使用的教材中有很多体现,并且也是相对便于学生理解和独立分析的一种方法。通过讲解,学生清楚地了解合成词是怎么由不同的词素组合而成,又是怎么将它分割开来,在这个过程中,学生不仅能掌握当堂课的生词,还能对以往见到过但是印象并不深的词语有更深的理解。比如说以下这个词语,“Cure- all”是在我所用的教材中一篇课文中出现的单词,学生一开始对生词并没有过多理解,或是习惯性地死记硬背,效果不好,通过给学生利用合成法讲解,引导学生把单词分为“cure”和“all”两个单词来记忆,学生在我讲解结束的同时就记下了这个单词并且记忆深刻,因为这种方法实际是教会学生利用已掌握单词去记忆新单词,这两个分开后的单词,对于学生来说就不难了,他们很快就说出“cure- all”是“包治百病的灵丹妙药”的意思,然而在拆开单词之前,没有学生能说出这个生词是什么意思。

派生法的使用,在课堂上引入这种构词法之前,学生在记忆单词的时候往往是去背单独的每一个单词,学生记忆单词的效率很低而且经常忘记。在给学生讲解了派生法也就是词缀法后,他们掌握了一些常用的“前缀”、“后缀”,通过对单词的“词根”、“词缀”的

分析,很快就找到了背单词的规律,并且能够举一反三,在有限的时间里记忆大量的单词,效率极大地提高。而且在提问学生独立用这种方法分析词语构成的时候,学生正确地回答完问题后,那种自信和荣誉感也是前所未有的。例如单词“depressed”,课文中见到的这个词,在讲解的时候,我并不是使用传统的方法:这是一个形容词,它的意思是抑郁的、沮丧的,用来形容某个人的感受。而是从它的动词词根“depress”开始讲起,再把不同词缀代表的意思告诉学生,让学生自己分析这个词根加上不同的词缀各代表什么意思,“depression”是名词,表示压抑、沮丧,“depressing”表示令人抑郁、使人感到沮丧。在学生们清楚地独立说出这些之后,我又举出“interested”和“interesting”两个词语的例子,同学们都能很快的说出它们不同的意思,一个是“某人对某事感兴趣” 另一个是“某事是有意思的”,实际上学生在说出词义的同时就已经掌握了词缀“- ed”和“- ing”的不同用法,并已经学会了举一反三,他们在记忆一个词的同时已经掌握了记忆大量相同构词法的其他词语的方法。

转类法的使用,在日常的教学中,学生经常会出现把一些拼写相同但是词性词义不同的词混淆的情况,并且很难分辨。但是利用转类法讲解后,学生对这些词的认识有了提高。例如单词“lead”,它用作动词时是“引导,领导”的意思,学生对这一词性和词义已经根深蒂固,当出现了这个词的转类使用时,大部分学生并没有意识到词性词义的不同,当“lead”用作名词时,它的发音不再是

/li:d/ 而是/led/,而且词义也有了变化,是“铅”的意思。通过这个词的学习,学生们基本掌握了在遇到一个单词之后如何才能在最短的时间内判断词义,首先分析这个词在上下文中是什么词性,再根据已有词汇的积累回去分析它的意思,在记忆单词时思路越来越清晰。

4 .结论

学习英语是基于对单词的掌握基础之上的,然而对于学生来说大量的低效率的记忆单词的工作直接影响着他们的学习进程。通过学习构词法能够帮助学生解决这一难题,它是学生需要掌握的基本技巧,它能够在有限的时间内扩展学生的词汇量,根据上下文理解陌生单词,举一反三,同时记忆尽可能多的相关单词,使学生提高英语自学能力,在独立思考的情况下记忆一系列单词,并且“事半功倍”。

院系:文经学院外语系

班级:文英091-3

学号:200990503332

姓名:刘华伟

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