施氮量对低肥力棉田土壤氮素及棉花养分吸收利用影响

收稿日期院2018-05-09 第一作者简介院秦宇坤渊1993-冤袁男袁硕士研究生袁642410699@qq.com遥 # 同等贡献院lipengchengcri@163.com遥 * 通信作者院 donghl668@sina.com曰xjxwx@sina.com 基金项目院国家重点研发计划野肥料氮素迁移转化过程与损失阻控机制冶渊2017YFD0200107冤曰国家现代农业产业技术体系
渊1.新疆农业大学农学院袁乌鲁木齐 830052曰 2.中国农业科学院棉花研究所／棉花生物学国家重点实验室袁河南 安阳 455000冤
摘要院揖目的铱研究黄河流域低肥力棉田施氮量对棉花产量尧养分吸收利用率尧土壤速效氮及脲酶活性的影响遥 揖方法铱以中棉所 79 为材料袁设置 6 个施氮量处理( 0尧90尧180尧270尧360尧450 kg窑hm－2 袁分别以 N0尧N90尧N180尧 N270尧N360尧N450 表示 )袁于 2016 和 2017 年进行连续两年大田试验遥 测定棉花产量尧干物质质量尧氮磷钾积累 量尧氮肥利用率尧0―100 cm 土层铵态氮及硝态氮含量尧0―100 cm 土层脲酶活性等指标遥 揖结果铱渊1冤与 N0 相 比袁除 2016 年 N90 处理外袁其余施氮处理均显著提高籽棉产量遥 两年 N360 处理显著提高了棉花单株成铃数袁 籽棉产量与其它施氮处理间无显著差异遥 施氮对棉花衣分无显著影响遥 渊2冤与 N0 相比袁施氮显著提高棉花干 物质积累量遥 施氮 90～360 kg窑hm－2袁棉花氮尧磷尧钾积累量随施氮量的增加而增加袁N450 处理氮尧磷尧钾积累量 较 N360 处理下降遥随着施氮量增加袁棉花氮农学利用率尧氮肥偏生产力降低曰当施氮量超过 360 kg窑hm－2袁氮生 理利用率开始降低袁但各处理间差异不显著遥 渊3冤除 N90 处理外袁其余各处理 41―80 cm 土层 NO3－-N 含量较 N0 显著提高曰N270尧N360尧N450 处理 41―80 cm 土层 NO3－-N 含量显著高于 N0尧N90 和 N180 处理曰施氮对土 壤 NH4+-N 含量无显著影响遥 (4) 施氮 0～360 kg窑hm－2袁土壤脲酶活性随施氮量增加而增强曰超过 360 kg窑hm－2袁土 壤脲酶活性下降遥揖结论铱氮肥经济最佳施氮量为 277.0 kg窑hm－2遥当施氮量超过 360 kg窑hm－2 时袁棉花养分积累 量降低袁土壤 NO3－-N 含量升高袁土壤脲酶活性受到抑制袁氮肥利用率降低袁棉花增产效果不明显遥 关键词院施氮量曰产量曰氮肥利用率曰土壤速效氮曰脲酶活性
Qin Yukun1,2#, Li Pengcheng2#, Zheng Cangsong2, Sun Miao2, Liu Shuai2, Dong Helin2*, Xu Wenxiu1*
百度文库
渊1.
830052
2.
455000
冤
[Objective] The effects of nitrogen (N) application rates on cotton yield, nutrient uptake and utilization rate, soil available N and urease activity were investigated in low-fertility cotton fields of the Yellow River Basin. [Methods] Six N application rate treatments, 0, 90, 180, 270, 360 and 450 kg窑hm－2 (N0, N90, N180, N270, N360 and N450, respectively), were established using cotton CCRI 79 in the field during 2016 and 2017. The cotton yield, dry matter quality, N, phosphorus and potassium accumulation levels, N use efficiency, 0–100-cm soil layer ammonium and nitrate N contents, 0–100-cm soil layer urease activity and other indicators were investigated. [Results] (1) Compared with N0, the N treatments significantly increased seed cotton yield, except the N90 treatment in 2016. Two years of N360 treatments significantly increased the number of bolls per cotton plant, while no significant differences were found among the seed cotton yields with other N treatments. The N application rates had no significant effect on lint percentage. (2) Compared with N0, N applications significantly increased the cotton dry matter accumulation. The accumulation of N, phosphorus and potassium in cotton increased along with the N
棉 花 学 报 Cotton Science 2019袁31渊3冤院242―253 https://doi.org/10.11963/1002-7807.qykxwx.20190430
施氮量对低肥力棉田土壤氮素及棉花养分吸收利用影响
秦宇坤 1,2#袁李鹏程 2#袁郑苍松 2袁孙淼 2袁刘帅 2袁董合林 2*袁徐文修 1*