江苏省南京市金陵中学2018_2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题(含解析)

江苏省南京市金陵中学2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题
（含解析）
第一节选择填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
1.But a change, no matter how ________ it is needed, doesn't just happen.
A. desperately
B. frequently
C. universally
D. violently
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。

句意：但是，无论多么迫切地需要改变，它都不会发生。

A. desperately迫切地、极度；B. frequently频繁地；C. universally普遍地；D. violently 猛烈地。

根据“doesn't just happen.”可知此处表示“迫切地”，故A项正确。

2.Gone are the days of limited channels, with viewers ________ program schedules.
A. at the request of
B. at the turn of
C. at the edge of
D. at the mercy of
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。

句意：观众们只能任由节目表支配的电视频道有限的日子已经一去不复返了。

A. at the request of应……的要求；B. at the turn of在转弯处；C. at the edge of在……的边缘；D. at the mercy of 受……支配。

根据“limited channels”可知此处表示“受……支配”，故D项正确。

3.Every time I look at the old photos, I am ________ back to my early childhood.
A. translated
B. transferred
C. transported
D. transformed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：每当我看到老照片，我就会想起我的童年。

A. translated 翻译；B. transferred转移；C. transported运输，使身临其境；D. transformed转换。

根
据“look at the old photo”可知此处表示“使身临其境、送回”，故C项正确。

4.--What impresses you most when you visit the Acropolis?
-- ________ it is that has brought the grand palace into today’s terrible scene.
A. Where
B. What
C. How
D. When
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型。

句意：——你参观雅典卫城时印象最深的是什么？——是什么将从前宏伟的宫殿变成了今天惨不忍睹的样子。

分析句子结构可知本句为强调句型，根据句意可知此处强调的是主语，应该用what，故B项正确。

5.I grabbed Norms arm and ________ him around to face me.
A. pinned
B. wrapped
C. spun
D. sprayed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我抓住Norms的胳膊并把他转过来面向我。

A. pinned钉住；B. wrapped缠绕；C. spun旋转；D. sprayed喷。

根据“him around to face me”可知此处表示“旋转”，故C项正确。

6.Our air-conditioners sell well, but decades of years ago no one could have imagined such a big share in the market that they ________ .
A. were to have
B. were having
C. have had
D. had had
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。

句意：我们的空调卖得很好，但是几十年前没有人能想到它们会有这么大的市场份额。

根据“decades of years ago no one could have imagined”可知，此处表示过去将来发生的事情，应该用过去将来时，故A项正确。

7.________ to the electronic games that he wasted a lot of precious time.
A. So he was addicted
B. So was he addicted
C. So addicted was he
D. So addicted he was
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装和时态。

句意：他如此沉迷于电子游戏，以至于浪费了很多宝贵的时间。

so…that结构中的so连同它所直接修饰的成分位于句首表示强调时，要进行部分倒装，“wasted”表明主句用一般过去时，故C项正确。

【点睛】注意：当“so/such that ”结构中的so, such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句要进行倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。

例如：①So angry was he that he couldn’t speak. 他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。

（so与作表语的形容词放于句首, 主句呈现全部倒装的形式）。

②So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得如此快, 以至于远远领先于其他人。

(so与修饰谓语run的副词fast放于句首, 主句呈现部分倒装的形式)。

8.--What did David demand in the meeting just now?
-- ________ an opportunity to join the Debating Club.
A. Being offerred
B. To be offerred
C. Be offerred
D. Having been offerred
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：——大卫刚才在会上要求什么？——给他一个加入辩论俱乐部的机会。

答语是省略句，完全句是（David demanded to be offerred an opportunity to join the Debating Club.）主语David是offer的动作承受者，所以用不定式的被动式，故B项正确。

9.I worked on the program, and surprisingly found they had ________ the most challenging part, which became less of a burden.
A. set out
B. laid out
C. put out
D. cut out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：我参与了这个项目，并惊讶地发现他们已经去掉了最具挑战性的部分，这就变得不那么麻烦了。

A. set out开始；B. laid out安排；C. put out 扑灭；D. cut out删去，根据“which became less of a burden.”可知此处表示“删去”，故D项正确。

10.Picasso was famous for his work in Cubism, which often uses acute angles and ________ the world is represented as being constructed of cubes and rectangles. A. that B. which
C. where
D. why
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。

句意：毕加索以立体派作品而闻名，立体派作品经常使用锐角，立方体和长方形来表示世界。

分析句子结构可知，定语从句的先行词为Cubism，从句不缺主宾表，缺少地点状语，应该用关系副词where，故C项正确。

【点睛】本题的难度在于一个句子中含有两个定语从句，可用代入法解题，即：把先行词Cubism 带入到第二个定语从句，完整的定语从句是"in Cubism the world is represented as being constructed of cubes and rectangles"；in Cubism 在定语从句中作抽象的地点状语，所以用关系副词where。

11.-- Do you agree friends you spend time with will change your life in one way or another?
-- Couldn't agree more. Hopefully our students can show great ________ in their choices of friends.
A. accommodation
B. discrimination
C. reputation
D. distinction
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：——你同意和你在一起的朋友会以这样或那样的方式改变你的生活吗？——完全同意，希望我们的学生在选择朋友方面表现出很强的鉴别能力。

A. accommodation住处；B. discrimination鉴别力；C. reputation名誉；D. distinction区别。

根据“their choices of friends”可知此处表示“鉴别力”，故B项正确。

12.In G7 Summit held in Canada, divisions between USA and other countries, in some critics’ opinion, were just papered over but by no means ________ .
A. they were fully solved
B. they had been fully solved
C. were they fully solved
D. had they been fully solved
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装和时态。

句意：在加拿大举行的七国集团峰会上，一些批评人士认为，美国和其他国家之间的分歧只是被掩盖了，但并没有完全解决。

by no means固定短语，表示“决不”，位于句首要进行部分倒装，“were”表明用一般过去时，故C项正确。

【点睛】注意：by no means(决不)，in/under no circumstances(无论如何不)，in no case(无论如何不)，on no condition（决不）等短语位于句首时，通常用部分倒装形式，但如果为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式，如：
By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well.并非所有的英国人都通晓本国语言。

13.While ________ thin, this kind of paper ________ easily.
A. looked; doesn't torn
B. looking; isn't torn
C. looked; isn’t torn
D. looking; doesn’t tear
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和主动表被动。

句意：虽然这种纸看起来很薄，但不容易撕破。

系动词look无被动，用现在分词作状语，所以只能在B和D中选择；此处的tear 为不及物动词，与副词连用表示主语的某种属性，用主动表示被动含义，故D项正确。

【点睛】注意常见的两种主动表被动的情况是：
①一些连系动词（look,sound,smell,feel, prove）等词要用主动表被动。

如：My advice proved
to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错误的。

②动词sell,write,read, open,wash,wear,cook,run与副词连用，说明主与内在的性能或特点。

如：This kind of book sells well.
14.--I went up to speak to him, but he turned away and left.
--Why did he give you ________ ?You are good friends, aren't you?
A. a wet blanket
B. a cup of tea
C. the cold shoulder
D. a tough nut
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查习语。

句意：——我走上前去和他说话，但是他转身就走了。

——为什么他对你态度冷漠？你们是好朋友，不是吗？A. a wet blanket 扫兴的人或物；B. a cup of tea 喜爱的人或物；C. the cold shoulder冷漠；D. a tough nut难对付的人。

根据“I went up to speak to him, but he turned away and left”可知此处表示“冷漠”，故C项正确。

15.--Oh, this is so annoying. Where on earth did I put my keys?
-- You never ________ .
A. learn your lesson
B. bite your tongue
C. eat your words
D. cross your fingers
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查习语。

句意：——哎呀，烦死了。

我到底把我的钥匙放哪儿了？——你从来不吸取教训。

A. learn your lesson从中吸取教训；B. bite your tongue欲言又止；C. eat your words食言；D. cross your fingers祈祷好运。

根据语境可知第一人经常找不到钥匙，所以第二人说“你总是不长记性（从来不吸取教训）”，故A项正确。

16.In his inspiring book Spontaneous Healing, Andrew Weil recommends: “Make a list of friends and acquaintances ______ company you feel more alive, happier, more optimistic”
A. with whom
B. of whom
C. in whose
D. under whose
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意：Andrew Weil在他的励志著作《自然治愈》中建议:列出一份朋友和熟人的名单，在他们的陪伴下，你会感到更有活力、更快乐、更乐观。

分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句，friends and acquaintances与company 是所属关系，in sb’s company 表示“在某人的陪伴下”，故C项正确。

17.When you are in a conversation with a cynic, possibilities seem to have a way of disappearing. A mildly depressing sense of fatalism seems to ________ the conversation.
A. take up
B. take over
C. turn up
D. turn over
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：当你和一个愤世嫉俗的人谈话时，各种可能性似乎都会消失。

一种略带沮丧的宿命论似乎占据（接管）了整个谈话。

A. take up占用（时间）；B. take over接管；C. turn up出现；D. turn over翻阅。

根据句意可知此处表示“接管”，故B 项正确。

18.Many students agree that the charm of school dances is fading away. Megan Wachtel believes social media may be to blame because people often get ________ in sharing their experience.
A. wound up
B. used up
C. caught up
D. lifted up
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：许多学生同意学校舞会的魅力正在消失。

梅根·瓦赫特尔认为，社交媒体可能是罪魁祸首，因为人们经常在分享自己的经历时感到紧张。

A. wound up
紧张；B. used up用完；C. caught up赶上；D. lifted up 举起。

根据句意可知此处表示“紧张”，故A项正确。

19.According to the ministry, the emergence of these new professions _______ the rapid development of high-tech industries, which have opened up new job markets.
A. contribute to
B. subscribe to
C. owe to
D. refer to
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：根据教育部的说法，这些新职业的出现促进了高科技产业的快速发展，开拓了新的就业市场。

A. contribute to促进；B. subscribe to订阅；C. owe to归功于；D. refer to涉及。

根据“which have opened up new job markets”可知此处表示“促进”，故A项正确。

20.A travell ing mother’s worst nightmare had come true. I ran to the car so fast that the heel of my shoe _______ .
A. broke up
B. broke off
C. broke out
D. broke away
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：一位旅行的母亲最可怕的噩梦成真了。

我飞快地跑向汽车，以致我的鞋跟断了。

A. broke up分裂、破碎；B. broke off突然停止；C. broke out 爆发；D. broke away逃脱。

根据“worst nightmare”可知此处表示“鞋跟断了”，故A项正确。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
When I was 13 years old, I stopped speaking. I’m still not exactly sure____21____ 一 I think I felt that words got me into trouble. The boys in my class were always ____22____ me, telling me to shut up. One day, I____23____ into uncontrollable sobs behind the sports hall.
So throughout my ____24____, I clammed up一dealing with the wider world only in whispers and shrugs. My
isolation(孤立）led to indescribable ____25____ that nothing could relieve. I couldn’t ____26____ or socialise. Then, at 15, a psychologist saw ___27___ in me—She said I was in intelligent but___28___, and needed to change schools for a fresh start.
My parents sent me to a different comprehensive. I knew no one and I had the chance to ___29___ myself. Cheered by the psychologist’s ___30___ in me, I worked hard and became a swot(刻苦学习的人).As a result, my parents were ___31___. Finally at 20, I was referred to a psychiatrist and he diagnosed me with a mild form of autism(自闭症).It was such a(n)___32___ to know what was happening that I cried on the bus on the way home.
It took a further five years to ___33___ again, a decision that was as much a surprise to me as it was to everyone else. I ___34___ myself hard, becoming more confident. Gradually, I ___35___ my speech. I definitely get more than usual pleasure from the use of ___36___ . It’s still such a fresh experience for me
___37___different words—ones that can sound so complex, and carry so much
___38___ .
When I think of what I have ___39___, I feel like crying, but I don’t ___40___ it up anymore. Instead, I enjoy talking about it.
21. A. when B. why C. how D. where
22. A. encouraging B. teasing C. ignoring D. praising
23. A. collapsed B. divided C. looked D. laughed
24. A. teens B. experiences C. education D. life
25. A. tiredness B. boredom C. loneliness D. guilt
26. A. wait B. sing C. mix D. move
27. A. potential B. weakness C. justice D. ambition
28. A. arbitrary B. innocent C. conventional D. insecure
29. A. entertain B. abandon C. comfort D. reinvent
30. A. interest B. faith C. investment D. patience
31. A. proud B. passive C. cautious D. curious
32. A. surprise B. embarrassment C. pity D. relief
33. A. complain B. connect C. study D. speak
34. A. struck B. drew N C. pushed D. rushed
35. A. put out B. built up C. looked through D. took down
36. A. language B. knowledge C. wisdom D.
imagination
37. A. discovering B. underlining C. compiling D. creating
38. A. responsibility B. flexibility C. emotion D.
depression
39. A. held on to B. looked forward to C. stayed away from D. missed
out on
40. A. sum B. bottle C. think D. polish
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29.
D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. A 38. C
39. D 40. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲了作者小时候说话，总受到别人的嘲笑，后来作者就不再说话。

后来，作者被诊断为自闭症，在心理学家和父母的鼓励下，作者重新开始说话。

【21题详解】
考查宾语从句。

句意：我现在仍然不确定为什么会这样。

这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词在
从句中作原因状语，用引导词why，故选B。

【22题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A 鼓励，B 嘲笑，C 忽视，D 表扬。

根据后半句他们叫我闭嘴可知，班上的
男生经常嘲笑我。

故选B。

【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A.表示崩溃，陷入，B. divide……into……把……分成……（份），C. look into 观察，浏览，D.没有laugh into。

句意：我陷入了无法控制的哭泣。

故选A。

【24题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A 青少年时期，B 经历，C 教育，D人生。

由开头第一句话可知，我在13岁
开始不说话，因此是在我的青少年时期teens，（13-19岁时期）。

故选A.
【25题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A 劳累，B 无聊，C 孤独，D 愧疚。

由上一行的clam up （不说话）和isolation （孤立）和下一行的I couldn’t socialize（我无法社交）可知，我是非常孤独的，故选C。

【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A等候，B 唱歌，C 与人交往，D 移动。

由or前后连接并列或相似的词可知，应选与socialize（社交）相近的词，故选C。

【27题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A 潜能， B 弱点，C 公正，D 理想。

由后文I was intelligent（我是聪明的）可知是一位心理学家看到了我身上的潜能。

故选A。

【28题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

A 武断的，B 无辜的，C 传统的，D 缺乏信心的。

but前后徐转折，因此选与intelligent（聪明的）相悖的一面，即我的不自信。

与第四段第二行的becomemore confident相照应。

因此选D。

本题有一定小难度在于要知道此处的insecure表示缺乏信心的，故选D。

【29题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A 娱乐，B 放弃，C 使……宽慰，D 重新改造。

由前文我父母给了我一个不同的理解及后文我work hard and become a swot可知沉默使得我有机会去重新改造自己。

故选D。

【30题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A 兴趣，B 信任，C 投资，D 耐心。

由前文可知心理学家肯定了我的才能，因此是他对的我信任。

故选B。

【31题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

A 骄傲的，B 消极的，C 小心的，D 好奇的。

前一句将我努力成为了刻苦学习的人，因此父母应该是为我感到骄傲的，其余选项均不通顺。

故选A。

【32题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A 惊讶，B快乐，C 遗憾，D宽慰。

此处与第一段相照应。

我感觉到那些单词使我陷入麻烦，并且我不受控制地无理由地开始沉默。

因此知道发生了什么事是如此令人宽慰，以至于我在回家的路上在公共汽车上哭了起来。

故选D。

【33题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A 抱怨，B 联系，C 学习，D 说话。

由again及后半句的令人惊讶可知，这里是指我重新开始说话了。

故选D。

【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A 攻击;罢（工、课等）;撞;来到，B 画画，C 逼，推，D 冲，匆忙的做。

由该空前后可知，作者改造自己开始重新说话，因此是作者逼了自己一把，变得更加自信了。

故选C。

【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

A 扑灭;伸出;生产;出版，B 逐步建立;增强;，C 看穿，仔细检查，D 取下;拆卸;记录。

此处由前文我重新说话，后文我用不同的单词可知，我增强了自己演讲的能力。

故选B。

【36题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A 语言，B 知识，C 智慧，D 想象。

由前两段可知，我之前一直沉默寡言，如今重新开始说话，所以我从使用语言中得到了非凡的快乐。

故选A。

【37题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A 发现，B 划重点，C 汇编，D 创造。

由于我之前一直不说话，所以对我来说发现不同的词语的魅力仍然是新鲜的体验。

故选A。

【38题详解】
考查名词辨析。

A 责任，B 灵活，C 情绪，D 抑郁。

句意：那些词语对我来说曾听起来非常复杂，并且需要调动很多的情绪。

故选C。

【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

A 坚持，保留不卖，B 期待，C 远离，D 遗漏。

句意：当我想起那些我曾（因为沉默）而遗漏的东西（前面指的那些语言的魅力），我想要哭泣。

故选D。

【40题详解】
考查动词辨析。

A 计算……的总和; 概括，B 逼入死角，抑制，C 想（到），D 磨光, 擦亮; 润饰。

虽然我对于过去的遭遇很悲伤，但我不会刻意抑制它，相反，我很乐意谈及它。

由Instead 前后转折可知，我不会刻意回避。

此题较难。

bottle可作动词，表示抑制属于较为偏僻的意思。

故选B。

【点睛】任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，尤其是要抓住所需推断词汇前后的内容。

本题第7小题，A 潜能， B 弱点，C 公正，D 理想。

由后文
I was intelligent（我是聪明的）可知是一位心理学家看到了我身上的潜能。

故选A。

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
Freelance writers Wanted
Associated Content is an online publishing platform that enables anyone to earn money by writing articles on the Web.
Writing for AC is a great work opportunity for students, stay-at-home parents and freelance writers. You can work on your own time and provide papers, reviews, essays, etc. on any topic that you have interest in. This is a job you can do from anywhere—all you need is access to the Internet.
Here’s how you get started: 1) Go to /join/hotjobs. 2) Follow the instructions to register. 3) Follow in your profile (简介),making note of your previous experience and your areas of experience (if any).
4) Start providing articles. You'll begin earning money as soon as your articles are published and the amount is based on the page views it receives.
In addition to our own library of content, we have hundreds of partners (Partner Content Team) who work with AC to obtain high-quality. As such, there are lots of opportunities for our most talented and productive writers to accept “Partner Assignments” on an as-needed basis.
If you're interested in accepting higher paying Partner Assignments, send us a link to your AC profile once you have provided at least five articles. We will review all articles and pass them along to our Partner Content Team. If selected, you will start receiving special paid assignments from us on a regular basis, which you are free to accept or ignore.
NOTE: we pay our writers via PayPal daily.
Any questions? Email me:
41. You can write for AC on condition that you ____.
A. have access to the Internet
B. have rich experience in writing
C. must be free at home
D. must provide at least five articles
42. Partner Content Team is mentioned here to_____.
A. show off its rich library of content
B. lay stress on the importance of cooperation
C. seek more support from other business partners
D. attract more people to write articles for AC
【答案】41. A 42. D
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在线出版平台AC招聘自由作家的相关信息。

【41题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句“Associated Content is an online publishing platform that en ables anyone to earn money by writing articles on the Web.” 及第二段最后一句 This is a job you can do from anywhere —all you need is access to the Internet. 可知，如果想给AC写文章的话必须要上网，故A项正确。

【42题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章倒数第三段内容可知，如果你想获得更高的稿酬的话，就要提交一个链接给 Partner Content Team，如果你被接受了，可从中得到特殊的有偿任务，由此可知，提及 Partner Content Team 的目的就是用高稿酬吸引更多的人为AC写文章，故D项正确。

B
From dogs and cats to pandas and penguins, lists of adorable animals can be very varied. However, when it comes to scary animals, the answers are often more or less the same-snakes and spiders are among the most dreadful ones for the majority of us.
However, most of us have never been bitten by a snake or a spider. So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?
Scientists have been actively looking into it for a long time. For example, studies
have suggested that babies find live animals much more interesting than stuffed （毛绒填充的） ones. This interest continues even if those animals are snakes and spiders.
A study published in Psychological Science in 2008seemed to show that snakes did have a different impact on babies. When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices, hey found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded.
Now, a team from Rutgers University in New Jersey, US has tried to challenge the idea that babies are born with a fear of snakes and spiders. According to the BBC, the researchers measured babies' physiological （生理的） responses as they watched videos of snakes and elephants paired with both fearful and happy voices.
Scientists then set out to surprise the babies to see how they would react. They presented them with an unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video. As the BBC explained, a surprise like this would be more intense （强烈的） if the babies were already scared, just like when we watch scary films and jump more if we are already scared.
However, according to their findings, published recently in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, babies 'surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake, even when it was shown with a fearful voice. Their heart response was also lower, which also made it seem that babies were not scared.
"Children do not have an innate fear of snakes,"concluded the study. Even if previous studies had suggested that babies have different responses to snakes, it isn't necessarily related to fear."It's possible that paying more attention to something might make fear learning easier later on. It leads to fear learning,"said research co-author Vanessa LoBue. She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didn't have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infant's desire to explore new things less strong.
Instead, we have evolved to quickly learn to be afraid of something if it turns out to be dangerous.
43. What is the article mainly about?___
A. Whether humans are born with a fear of snakes and spiders.
B. How people's fear of snakes and spiders has evolved.
C. How babies react differently from adults to snakes and spiders.
D. Why snakes and spiders are considered the most dreadful animals. 44. What was the finding of the study published in Psychological Science in 2008?___
A. The longer babies looked at snakes in the video, the less scared they were.
B. Babies took more interest in snakes than the other animals in the videos regardless of which human voices they heard.
C. Babies' responses to the snake in the videos were greatly affected by the types of voices they heard.
D. The fearful voices babies heard when watching snake videos doubled their fear of snakes.
45. How did babies react when the researchers from Rutgers University surprised them while they were watching a video of a snake?___
A. A fearful voice didn't make their surprised response become more intense.
B. They became more scared when they experienced an unexpected bright flash of light.
C. Babies 'heart responses changed slightly when they heard a fearful voice.
D. They paid more attention to the snakes when they heard a fearful voice.
46. The underlined word"innate"in the second-to-last paragraph is the closest in meaning to___.
A. immediate
B. lasting
C. from birth
D. from learning
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛。

【43题详解】
主旨大意题. 根据第二段中的“So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things”可知，文章主要介绍的是人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛，故A项正确。

【44题详解】
细节理解题. 根据第四段中的“When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices,they found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded”可知，无论在哪种声音环境下，孩子对蛇的兴趣大于其他动物，故B项正确。

【45题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第七段中的“babies' surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake, even when it was shown w ith a fearful voice”可知，可怕的声音并没有使孩子惊讶的反应更强烈，故A项正确。

【46题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据上文中的“So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?”可知，文章讨论的是人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛，此处是说研究发现孩子对蛇没有与生俱来的恐惧，由此可知画线词词义为“生来、天生的”，故C项正确。

【点睛】科普说明文的主旨大意题难度较大，这类文章的特点是通常在第一段引出话题，然后用一般疑问句或反问句点明文章主题，因此要特别注意文章前两段所出现的问句，例如本篇第1题，文章第一段用狗、猫、熊猫和企鹅等可爱动物引出蛇和蜘蛛等可怕的动物，接着第二段中的“So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things”点明主题——人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛，下文介绍了对此的研究，因此文章主要介绍的是人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛。

C
When international aid is given,steps must be taken to ensure（确保）that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization （UNO） could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says,"Give me a fish and I eat for a day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.
"If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example,a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is taken for granted,like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school,could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned,there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However,in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.
47. According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?___
A. By solving the cost problems.
B. By solving the transportation problems.
C. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
D. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
48. What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?___
A. Providing food is vital.
B. Teaching skills is vital.
C. Learning to fish is helpful.
D. Looking after others is important.
49. The second paragraph is developed mainly___.
A. by comparison
B. by contrast
C. by example
D. by process
50. Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?___
A. A water plant
B. Financial support.
C. A medical team
D. An exchange program.
【答案】47. D 48. B 49. C 50. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，灾难在全球是不可避免的. 国际援助雪中送炭. 然而援助要落到实处,着实要有些高效的措施，灾区要直接受惠于援助，联合国为此做出了努力，比如,建立一个正直无私心救援物质的管理团队。

本文作者认为高效的援助不在于物质,而是平日里技术知识的共享——打造坚固友谊,互派国际交换生！
【47题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes. ”可知，救援物质要快速地分配到灾区,联合国可以在各国组建一支特别团队，专门实施这项工作，也就是在每个国家组建一个由有奉献精神的人组成的队伍来确保国际援助及时到达受害者手中，故D项正确。

【48题详解】
推理判断题。

"Give me a fish and I eat for day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime. "相当于汉语谚语"授人以鱼不如授人以渔. ",强调的是"渔"（技术）。

后文举例可以得到印证："For example,a country could share its technology with another. "（一个国家可以与另一国共享技术资源），由此可知，作者的目的是强调教授技术的重要性，故B项正确。

【49题详解】
篇章结构题。

第二段首句“More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times.（比起一个国家在灾难中给予另一个国家的帮助，在正常时期给予其他形式的帮助会更有效）”点明本段中心：加强平日技术知识交流，段中的多次使用for example，like等词语。

所以本段主要使用例证法来展开介绍的，故C项正确。

【50题详解】
推理判断题。

（对灾区的）财政援助主要是各地的捐款和物质,如果falls into the wrong hands,。