1.3应用文写作-备考2020年山东新高考英语题型变化解读

1.3应用文写作-备考2020年山东新高考英语题型变化解读
1.3应用文写作-备考2020年山东新高考英语题型变化解读

1.3应用文写作

备考2020年山东新高考英语题型变化解读

2019年11月30日—12月3日,山东省组织了全省统一的新高考模拟考试。这是山东省进入新课改后,首次举行的全省考生参加的大型考试。在这次考试中,题型发生了巨大的变化,据说,这次考试的命题是在教育部考试中心的指导下命制的,这对于2020年高考的变化或透露着某种程度的暗示也未可知。

山东省高考英语科目启用了新题型,其中写作分为两部分,第一部分为应用文写作,要求考生根据所给情景,写一篇80词左右的短文。

【题型分析】

应用文属实用文体,有严格的语境限制,比如确定的时间、地点,确定的对象、范围,确定的行文目的等。因此,应用文写作应力求主旨鲜明,格式正确,语言简练,语气因人因事而异。

书信、电子邮件是常见的应用文写作考查题型,主要包括询问信、致歉信、致谢信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信等,其次应用文还有:通知、发言稿、便条、日记、通知、调查报告扥。写作时要注意格式正确,包含称呼语(salutation),正文(body),结束语(complimentary close),签名(signature)。如在2016年10月的试卷中,应用文写作的要求是给未曾谋面的加拿大的住家(homestay)写一封咨询信(Letter of Inquiry)。写作时遣词应尽量客气一些,行文应力求具有亲和力,切忌使用一些艰深的大词,也不宜使用一些结构过于杂糅的长句。

3、对学生能力的要求

应用文相对于之前高考中的议论文、记叙文,更要求应用性、规范性、简明性。这要求学生对各个文体尤其是邮件和信件格式的熟悉掌握,且需注意应用文所要求的语言表达与议论文、记叙文的区别。因此我们会着重培养学生的格式熟悉度以及相关重要句式的表达。

假定你是李华,你校英语协会招聘志愿者,接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘,内容包括:

1. 口语能力:

2. 相关经验;

3. 应聘目的。

注意:

1. 词数80左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________

【思路点拨】

本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求写应聘信。

第一步:根据提示可知,学校英语协会招聘志愿者,接待来访的国外中学生。要求写封应聘信,内容包括:

1. 口语能力:

2. 相关经验;

3. 应聘目的。

第二步:根据写作要求确定关键词(组)。

第三步:根据提示和关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第四步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

本文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。

【范文】

Dear Sir or Madam,

My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association.

I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can communicate well with native speakers of English. What’s more, I am kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.

I’m particularly interested in this job because I want to further improve my oral English capabilities

and interpersonal communication skills.

Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.

Yours faithfully,

Li Hua

写好应用文的第一步是准确审题。审题并不仅仅指读题,而是一个思维过程。审题可以从以下几个方面入手:

1、判断体裁

应用文的种类繁多,按其性质可分为一般性应用文和公务文书。一般性应用文包括书信、便条、请帖、聘书、海报、启事、证明、电报、便函等;公务文书包括布告、通告、指示、命令、请示等。

本试题创设了一个语言情境,让考生以李华的身份给英国朋友Chris写一封电子邮件,邀请他参加郊游。也就是说,试题要求考生写一封邀请信,这属于一般性应用文中最常见的类型:书信。

2、确定格式

不同类型的应用文其格式和结构是不同的。本试题的格式是书信,要求写明写信的对象(即称呼)和写信人(即署名),正文前可适当添加问候语,如"How are you doing?"或"Long time no see。"等。考生必须熟知书信类应用文的格式,准确写出称呼语、标点、结尾语和署名,以符合英语的写作习惯。

3、理清要点

邀请信中需要包括三个要点:告知参加者、郊游的时间和地点、活动内容——登山和野餐。当然考生可适当增加细节,如组织郊游的目的、登山中可以做什么、除登山和野餐外是否有其他的活动、参加郊游的意义等等。在整理要点时,考生应该特别注意以下3点:

●这是一次郊游,而不是到外地或到国外去游玩的长途旅行。

●郊游的时间应该具体到某一天,不要笼统地说下周,最好告知几点钟集合出发。

●既要介绍郊游的地点,又要尽量避免透露考生信息。例如:若考生写到Yandang Mountain表明该考生可能来自温州地区,若考生写到the West Lake表明该考生可能来自杭州地区。那么怎样巧妙地避免这个问题呢?考生可以将地点模糊化,如使用Green Mountain,the Central Park等。

4、明确对象

写作对象决定了考生该使用的语言和语气、写信人和收信人之间的关系、书信用语的正式度和委婉程度等。本试题中,考生的身份是学生,写作的对象是考生的外籍朋友。既然是朋友,两者是平辈的关系,就不适合使用过度的敬辞或谦辞,如"I would appreciate it if you could come。";朋友之间一般会用"Hope to see you there。"或"Hope you can make it。"。既然是朋友,彼此应该熟知对方的email地址,看到寄信人的地址就应该知道是谁的来信,所以在邮件的开头根本没有必要介绍自己的身份。如有些考生写道:"I’m Li Hua,your friend。"明显就不符合逻辑和常识。

5、分析语言

应用文作为一种实用性文体,是用来说明事实、解决实际问题的,侧重于"以事告人"。所以语言要求自然得体、朴实无华、开门见山、清晰流畅。本试题是邀请信,首先要掌握的是常用套语,例如在书信的开头常用:"I’m writing to invite you to …"信件的结尾常用:"Looking forward to your early reply。"或"I really hope you can come。"等。其次,邀请信中的书面用语要符合朋友关系的身份设定,切忌使用过度的敬辞或谦辞。时态应以一般现在时和一般将来时态为主。

应用文常用句型及习惯表达

1. 书信开头

I was delighted/glad to receive your letter. 很高兴收到你的来信。

I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于6月29日的来信。

How’s it going? 最近怎么样?

You asked me about(problem, question...), now let me give you some advice. 你在来信中询问我……,现在让我给你一些建议。

It has been a long time since we met. 我们很久没见面了。

How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last time.时间过得真快!我们有三个月没见面了。

I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我写信是为了感谢你对我在美国期间的帮助。

2. 结尾

I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 我期待你的来信。

I am looking forward to your early reply. 我期待您早日回复。

Please write to me as soon as possible. 请尽快回信。

Good luck./ Wish you the best. 祝你好运!

With best wishes. 致以我诚挚的祝福。

Wish you sucess. 祝你成功。

Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。

Please remember me to your family. 请代我向你的家人问好。

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 请尽快回信,我将不胜感激。

应用文常见文体写作模板

1. 感谢信(Letter of Thanks)

写作模板

Dear ________(对象),

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for________________________________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in________________________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been________________________________(没有对方帮助会产生的后果).

Everyone agrees that it was you who ________________________________(给出细节). Again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you. Please accept my sincere thanks.

Yours Sincerely,

Li Hua

2. 道歉信(Letter of Apology)

写作模板1

Dear ________(对象),

I am truly sorry that ___________________________________(道歉的原因).

The reason is that ______________________________________(介绍原因).

Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.

Yours Sincerely,

Li Ming

写作模板2

Dear ________(对象),

I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that ①______________ (直接表达自己不能实现先前的愿望或约定). ②Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret__________ (表达歉意).

③Please accept my sincere apology__________(诚恳希望对方能接受道歉). ④I fear you are displeased

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