二里头文化论文：二里头文化周边地区文化交流主次关系交流层次礼制历史背景

二里头文化论文：二里头文化周边地区文化交流主次关系交流层次礼制历史背景

【中文摘要】二里头文化是分布于中原地区的一支考古学文化,它上承王湾三期文化及新砦期文化,下接二里岗文化,绝对年代为1880B.C.—1520B.C.。其分布地域与文献和传说中的夏代大体相符,因而被多数学者推断为夏代中晚期的文化。二里头文化周围存在着多支不同类型的考古学文化。二里头文化在其产生发展的过程中都与这些考古学文化存在着一定程度上的交流。文化之间的交流和碰撞推动了各个考古学文化的发展步伐,促进了考古学文化的重组,为大范围

统一的考古学文化的形成奠定了基础,造就了中国古代文明多元一体格局的初步形态。二里头文化与周边地区考古学文化的交流可以通过陶器、玉器及青铜器反映出来,尤以陶器明显。本文把周边地区划分成华北、西北、海岱、东南、江汉及峡江、西南六个地理单元,从器物的共有关系(主要为陶器)上探讨了二里头文化与这些地理单元内

考古学文化之间的交流。在此基础上,本文对二里头文化与周边地区考古学文化的交流做了深入的分析。首先阐明了二者之间的主次关系,认为只有岳石文化、东龙山文化对二里头文化的影响始终处于主导地位,下七垣文化、马桥文化对二里头文化个别时期的影响处于主导地位,其余考古学文化对二里头文化则很少甚至没有影响,相反则受到

二里头文化的强烈辐射。然后从时间、空间两个维度对交流内容的异同进行了重点的分析,认为不同时间内交流对象及内容的差异反映了交流强弱的变化、社会等级的不断分化以及社会结构和礼制的构建过

程；二里头文化与周边三级地区考古学文化交流内容上的差别是由于交流层次造成的,而交流层次的存在以及内部结构的变化同时也反映了社会等级的不断分化以及社会结构和礼制的构建过程。再后概述了二者之间的交流方式与途径、交流路线,认为二者之间有战争掠夺、商业贸易、友好馈赠、人群迁徙等多种交流方式与途径,时间、地点、交流对象不同,交流方式与途径也不一样；交流路线有多条,且二里头文化与单支考古学文化之间的交流路线也会因空间的不同而存在多条。最后,揭示了二者交流反映的若干历史背景,认为二里头文化与周边地区,尤其是边远地区考古学文化的交流是我国众多地区“禹迹”存在的重要原因；二里头文化与岳石文化的交流以及二者之间强弱的变化体现了“夏夷关系”的发展变化；二里头文化晚期岳石文化及下七垣文化对二里头文化的强势冲击以及在此情况下二里头文化向边

远地区的渗透则反映了“桀死鸣条”、“桀奔南巢”等历史背景。

【英文摘要】Erlitou culture, being located in the Central Plains, is an Archaeological culture, which inherits the third period of Wangwan culture and connects to Erligang culture. Its absolute chronology is 1880B.C.—1520B.C..Because its geographical distribution is the same with Xia dynasty of literature and legend, it is inferred by most scholars to the middle and late culture of Xia dynasty.During Erlitou culture period, in addition to Erlitou culture, there are many different types archaeological culture around Central Plains.

Erlitou culture is associated with these archaeological cultures to some extent in its production and process of development. The communication and collision among cultures which promote the development of each of archaeological culture and the restructuring of archaeological culture is the basis of the formation of a wide range of archaeological culture, which creates the initial form of China’s ancient civilization Integrated multi.The communication between Erlitou culture and archaeological cultures of surrounding areas are reflected by pottery, jade and bronze.The surrounding area is divided into six geographical units:North, Northwest, Haidai, Southeast, Jianghan and Xia-jiang Region, Southwest. This paper discusses the communication between Erlitou culture and the archaeological cultures of six geographical units by total relationship of objects. On this basis, this paper analyzes more in-depth the communication between Erlitou culture and the archaeological cultures of surrounding area. Firstly, this paper which illustrates the relationship between the primary and secondary points out Yueshi culture and Donglongshan culture affect Erlitou culture mainly, Xiaqiyuan culture and Maqiao culture affect individual period of Erlitou culture, and Erlitou culture affects the remaining archaeological cultures.