独立主格结构讲解(课堂PPT)
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独立主格结构讲解 PPT
2). 表方式或伴随
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3)。 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
大家好
6
=As thousands of eyes were fixed upon her ,…. 4).表条件
注意：
1.)当独立主格中的being done 表示“正在被做 时”，being 此时不可省。
Food being cooked, I fell asleep. 2). 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是 it , there 时， being 常不省。
It being fine , we can go to the beach .
A. The exercise done B. on the exercises C. Having been done the exercises D. The exercises having finished
大家好
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3._______ , the reward was given to him . • Being honest B. As an honest boy C. He
More time and money given , we can finish the work in advance.( = If more time and money are given,……)
注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词-ed 形式表示已大经家好完成和被动的行为 7
There being no time left, we had to speed up.
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3)。 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
大家好
6
=As thousands of eyes were fixed upon her ,…. 4).表条件
注意：
1.)当独立主格中的being done 表示“正在被做 时”，being 此时不可省。
Food being cooked, I fell asleep. 2). 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是 it , there 时， being 常不省。
It being fine , we can go to the beach .
A. The exercise done B. on the exercises C. Having been done the exercises D. The exercises having finished
大家好
9
3._______ , the reward was given to him . • Being honest B. As an honest boy C. He
More time and money given , we can finish the work in advance.( = If more time and money are given,……)
注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词-ed 形式表示已大经家好完成和被动的行为 7
There being no time left, we had to speed up.
精选高中英语语法通用PPT课件：独立主格结构教学课件 (共27张PPT)
Step4: analyze the structure
1.
V-ing
n\pron + V-ed ，
to do
主动
1.Weather__p_e_rm__i_tt_in_g___ (permit), we will go to beach tomorrow
被动
2.The bookw_r_i_tt_e_n__ (write) in simple English, we can understand
Attention two:
1. There b_e_i_n_g___ no bus, we had to walk home. 2. It _b_e_i_n_g__Sunday, all the offices are closed.
Attention three:
Monitor is smiling, a book in her
5. Lunch over, they cleaned the table.
6.They are boating on the river and some beautiful flowers are on the They are boating on the river, some beautiful flowers on the bank
the big wooden horse.
5. After lunch was over, they cleaned the table.
6. They are boating on the river, and some beautiful flowers were on
the bank.
Attention one:
独立主格结构PPT课件
I to go to New York, he asked me not.（我 要去纽约，他却要我别去）
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
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11
我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
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12
3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
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11
我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
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3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
高中英语独立主格结构(共26张PPT)
当主语与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时， 也就是被动关系时，用过去分词。
e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前，常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构：
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)， 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子：
独立主格结构的用法
e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前，常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构：
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)， 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子：
独立主格结构的用法
独立主格结构通用课件
解决方案
在构建独立主格结构时，需要确保表达准确、生动且符合 语境。可以使用更具体的形容词、副词或动词来描述情景 或情感。同时，也可以使用修辞手法如比喻、拟人等来增 强表达力。
CHAPTER 06
独立主格结构实例展示与解析
写作实例展示与解析
01
名词/代词+不定式结构
名词/代词+to do，如“John having no money, his boss gave him
在构建独立主格结构时，需要明确主 语和谓语之间的逻辑关系。可以使用 介词、连词等来连接独立主格结构和 主句，以避免歧义。同时，也可以调 整句子结构或使用逗号、分号等标点 符号来强调逻辑关系。
语言表达能力不足01Fra bibliotek总结词
语言表达能力不足是独立主格结构中常见的表达问题。
02 03
详细描述
语言表达能力不足是指在独立主格结构中，无法准确表达 作者的意图或情感。例如，“The clock striking ten, we went to bed.” 这句话虽然语法正确，但无法准确表达出 时钟敲响十点时，人们通常会去睡觉的情景。
a raise.”（约翰没有钱，老板给他涨了工资。）
02 03
名词/代词+现在分词结构
名词/代词+doing，如“The children playing in the yard, their parents were busy preparing dinner.”（孩子们在院子里玩耍，他们 的父母正忙着准备晚餐。）
名词/代词+过去分词结构
名词/代词+done，如“The car repaired by him, he felt very proud.”（他修好的汽车，他感到很自豪。）
在构建独立主格结构时，需要确保表达准确、生动且符合 语境。可以使用更具体的形容词、副词或动词来描述情景 或情感。同时，也可以使用修辞手法如比喻、拟人等来增 强表达力。
CHAPTER 06
独立主格结构实例展示与解析
写作实例展示与解析
01
名词/代词+不定式结构
名词/代词+to do，如“John having no money, his boss gave him
在构建独立主格结构时，需要明确主 语和谓语之间的逻辑关系。可以使用 介词、连词等来连接独立主格结构和 主句，以避免歧义。同时，也可以调 整句子结构或使用逗号、分号等标点 符号来强调逻辑关系。
语言表达能力不足01Fra bibliotek总结词
语言表达能力不足是独立主格结构中常见的表达问题。
02 03
详细描述
语言表达能力不足是指在独立主格结构中，无法准确表达 作者的意图或情感。例如，“The clock striking ten, we went to bed.” 这句话虽然语法正确，但无法准确表达出 时钟敲响十点时，人们通常会去睡觉的情景。
a raise.”（约翰没有钱，老板给他涨了工资。）
02 03
名词/代词+现在分词结构
名词/代词+doing，如“The children playing in the yard, their parents were busy preparing dinner.”（孩子们在院子里玩耍，他们 的父母正忙着准备晚餐。）
名词/代词+过去分词结构
名词/代词+done，如“The car repaired by him, he felt very proud.”（他修好的汽车，他感到很自豪。）
高中英语非谓语动词-独立主格课件(共27张PPT)
papa as her hero.
S（逻辑主语）doing having done 主动关系
S(逻辑主语) done having been done 被动关系
The lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A.being given
要求：可以使用连词，请将 句子合并为复合句。
☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子 合并为一个句子。
☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
名词/主格代词+形容词
1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
So many people （being）absent, the meeting had to be called off.
2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody
③ I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）
④ Don’t talk with your mouth full. 不要嘴里含着东 西谈话。（表示方式）
⑤ With the light off, we can’t see anything. 灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）
S（逻辑主语）doing having done 主动关系
S(逻辑主语) done having been done 被动关系
The lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A.being given
要求：可以使用连词，请将 句子合并为复合句。
☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子 合并为一个句子。
☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
名词/主格代词+形容词
1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
So many people （being）absent, the meeting had to be called off.
2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody
③ I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）
④ Don’t talk with your mouth full. 不要嘴里含着东 西谈话。（表示方式）
⑤ With the light off, we can’t see anything. 灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）
独立结构__独立主格结构_ppt
其他不能省略的情况
1.独立结构位于句尾表示原因： He had to stay where he was ,his leg being broken 比较:His leg (being) broken, he had to stay where he was.
2.在there/such being中 There being no alarm , she went back to her room. 没有什么意外情况，她回到房间 里去了 Such being the case ,there are no grounds to justify your complaints.
不定式可以带自身逻辑主语， 不定式可以带自身逻辑主语，但不是独立主 格结构 It is impossible for me to finish this work. It is unwise of them to turn down the suggestion. Rather than she washes dishes, I prefer to wash them myself
THE END
练习
1_______, I’ll go over all these lessons bef ore the exam. A. If time will permit B. Time permitting C. If time permitted D. Time permits
3．Such _________ the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaints． A．being B．is C．was D．to be 4．Darkness _________ in，the young people lingered on merrymaking． A．set B．setting C．has set D．was set 5．With all factors_________，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal． A．being considered B．considering C．considered D．are considered
英语语法--独立主格【优质PPT】
borrow some from his friend. 思考：划线部分改为独立主格结构 →________________，he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend. ③ With him sitting next to her，she felt safe.
2021/10/10
3
He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
2021/10/10
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2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
2021/10/10
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① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
2021/10/10
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4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
2021/10/10
3
He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
2021/10/10
4
2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
2021/10/10
5
① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
2021/10/10
9
4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
《独立主格结构》课件
名词/代词+不定式
例如，He lay on the bed，to rest.
with引导的独立主格结构
with+名词/代词+形容词
例如，With the weather fine，we decided to go out.
பைடு நூலகம்
with+名词/代词+副词
例如，With the children away，they had a peaceful weekend.
《独立主格结构》 PPT课件
目录
CONTENTS
• 独立主格结构的定义 • 独立主格结构的类型 • 独立主格结构在句子中的作用 • 独立主格结构的构成 • 独立主格结构的用法举例 • 独立主格结构与其它结构的辨析
01 独立主格结构的定义
什么是独立主格结构
01
独立主格结构是一种语法结构， 它由一个主语和一个谓语组成， 但主语和谓语之间没有连接词。
总结词
副词性独立主格结构是由副词或副词短语构成的，主要在句中作状 语。
详细描述
例如，“The book written by him is mine.”，其中“written by him”就是一个副词性独立主格结构，表示“这本书是他写的”。
03 独立主格结构在句子中的 作用
补充说明
总结词
独立主格结构用于对句子的主句进行补充说明，提供更多的细节或背景信息。
件等。
总结词
名词性独立主格结构是由名词或 名词短语构成的，主要在句中作
状语。
详细描述
例如，“The book in the library is mine.”，其中“in the library”就是一个名词性独 立主格结构，表示“这本书在图
独立主格结构.PPT课件
The students are walking in the school happily,
each wearing a card in front of his chest.
卡。
6
3. “名词/代词+过去分词”结构
该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴 随状语、条件状语等。
(T1h)e作时tes间t
D. When goodbye
6. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down
(4) 作条件 状语：
More time given, we can finish the work.
8
【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】
1. 名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。 2. 名词或代词+现在分词 其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在 进行）或一般情况的状态、动作。
Grammar
独立主格
1
【独立主格结构的概念】
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个
在句中做 状语 的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其位置
灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。 需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用 任何连接词。
独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑 谓语。名词或代词 作为逻辑主语 ；现在分词、过去分 词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为 逻辑谓语。
10
The food being cooked, the boy was watching
TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
高考英语语法独立主格结构精讲(共20张PPT)
注: 在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子 简洁，往往将“逻辑主语 + 介词短语”中的 冠词或代词都省略。
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
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= As the guide led the way,…… 表条件：
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…)
Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
V-ing 形式
非
谓
语
不定式
动
词
过去分词
1
1.非谓语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的：
2.但是独立主格却和主句主语不一样,因此是独立的主 格. eg: The woman look around the shop , keeping an eye on her baby. 非谓语
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out. 独立主格
独立主格结构：
形式：n\pron + 其他成分（doing\done \to do \n. \adj.\adv\介词短语）
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附 于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、 或伴随等情况。
1. It being Sunday, they had no classes. 原因
非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状 态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）
❖Lots of homework to be done, I have to stay Fra bibliotekt home .
Hearing the exciting news , everybody was excited. 非谓语
Having been there many times , he is quite familiar with the place. 非谓语 The policeman entered the dark room , gun in hand独. 立2主格
1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street. 2).Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall. 3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher. 4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、被动
3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solutio进n. 行
10
独立主格结构中的being 和 having been常省略
work in advance. ( = If more time and money are given,……) 注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的行为
9
1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要
2)表方式或伴随
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3) 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
8
4).表条件 More time and money given , we can finish the
2. The signal given, the train started. 时间
3. The children were making a snowman, hands red with
cold. 伴随
4. He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.
Th_e_q_u_e_s_t_io__n_b_e_i_n_g_d__is_c_u_s_s_e_d, a man came up with a practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时)
4
大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 来代替。
1） He lay there, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head)
伴随 3
n. \ pron . + doing/ to do/ done
_H__e_b_e_i_n_g_h_o_n__e_s_t ____(因为他很诚实), we like him.
A_ll_t_h_e_w__in_d_o_w__s_c_l_e_a_n_e_d_, I had a good rest.(所有的 窗子都擦完了)
7
3.动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词 -ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）
1)表时间
The task completed , we had a global traveling.
= The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…
2)表方式或伴随
The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
6
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
5
2.动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：
如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）
1)表时间
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…)
Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
V-ing 形式
非
谓
语
不定式
动
词
过去分词
1
1.非谓语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的：
2.但是独立主格却和主句主语不一样,因此是独立的主 格. eg: The woman look around the shop , keeping an eye on her baby. 非谓语
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out. 独立主格
独立主格结构：
形式：n\pron + 其他成分（doing\done \to do \n. \adj.\adv\介词短语）
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附 于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、 或伴随等情况。
1. It being Sunday, they had no classes. 原因
非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状 态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）
❖Lots of homework to be done, I have to stay Fra bibliotekt home .
Hearing the exciting news , everybody was excited. 非谓语
Having been there many times , he is quite familiar with the place. 非谓语 The policeman entered the dark room , gun in hand独. 立2主格
1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street. 2).Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall. 3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher. 4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、被动
3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solutio进n. 行
10
独立主格结构中的being 和 having been常省略
work in advance. ( = If more time and money are given,……) 注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的行为
9
1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要
2)表方式或伴随
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3) 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
8
4).表条件 More time and money given , we can finish the
2. The signal given, the train started. 时间
3. The children were making a snowman, hands red with
cold. 伴随
4. He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.
Th_e_q_u_e_s_t_io__n_b_e_i_n_g_d__is_c_u_s_s_e_d, a man came up with a practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时)
4
大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 来代替。
1） He lay there, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head)
伴随 3
n. \ pron . + doing/ to do/ done
_H__e_b_e_i_n_g_h_o_n__e_s_t ____(因为他很诚实), we like him.
A_ll_t_h_e_w__in_d_o_w__s_c_l_e_a_n_e_d_, I had a good rest.(所有的 窗子都擦完了)
7
3.动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词 -ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）
1)表时间
The task completed , we had a global traveling.
= The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…
2)表方式或伴随
The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
6
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
5
2.动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：
如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）
1)表时间
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.