if语句表虚拟用法
语法知识：
一，If表虚拟语气时如果；*重点考动词
1,当与现在事实相反时（时态为现在时）
从句if后的句子用did/were，主句用would /could /shunld/ might + do
2,当与现在事实相反时（时态为过去时）*重点考
从句if后的句子用had+done，主句用would /could /shunld/ might + have+done
3,当与现在事实相反时（时态为将来时）
从句if后的句子用did；should+do；were+to+do，主句用would /could /shunld/ might + do
Eg：if i __________(be) you read books now,i_________(give) you a girlfriend
If he__________(fall) in love me at that time ,i_______(marry)with he
If i___________(make) up with ex boyfriend in the future,i__________(kill)him
Question:were,would give;had fallen,would have married;should make,would kill
虚拟语气if假设句
一．分别对过去、现在和未来的假设 1、过去发生事情进行假设 这时从句动词用had done，主句用would/should/could/might+have done If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam. If you had asked me, I would have told you. I would have been in bad trouble if Jane hadn’t helped me. If it hadn’t been for your help, we could have been in lots of trouble.(要不是你的帮助，我们要陷入很大的麻烦) 2、对现在情形进行假设 这时从句用did和were（be 动词都改成were），主句为would should/could/might+do If I knew her name, I would tell you. I would perfectly happy, if I had a car. If I were rich，I would spend all my time traveling. If my nose were a little shorter I’d be quite pretty. If it weren’t for the children, we could go skiing.要不是孩子们的原因，我们就会去滑雪 3、对将来情形假设 这时从句有以下三种动词形式 1.were/did 2.were to 3.should 主句为would/should/could/might+do看看下面的例子 What would I do if I were to lose/should lose/lost my job？ If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down. if it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, I would not go out. If they should play/were to play / played better next time , they would not fail again
if虚拟语气
If虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 If引导出的条件句中使用虚拟语气时，表示所说的话是非真实的，是一种假设。通常有三种情况，与现在事实相反；与过去的事实相反；与将来的事实相反。 1[/B]、[/B]if从句表示与想在的事实相反的假设时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时（[/B] be一般用[/B]were），主句用[/B]would/should/could/might+[/B]动词原形[/B][/B] If we had enough money, we would buy a computer If I were you,I would take her advice. If places were a like,there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 Our life would be better if there were no examination. 2[/B]、[/B]if[/B]从句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时，主语用[/B]would/should/could/might+have+[/B]过去分词[/B][/B] If I had worked harder at school,I would have got a better job. If he had know your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you. We might have arrived here eariler if we had taken a taxi. If it had not been for you help, I would have failed again. 3[/B]、[/B]If[/B]从句表示与将来事实可能相反的假设时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，[/B]were to do[/B]或[/B]should+[/B]动词原形，主句用[/B]would/should/could/ might+[/B]动词原形[/B][/B] If it rained tomorrow,we would put off the sports meet. If he were to leave today,he would get there by Friday. If she should fail again,we would not blame her. 【注】 （1）有时从句假设过去，而主句假设现在，这时从句用过去完成时，而主句用would/sh ould/could/might+动词原形。 If he had taken my advice,he would be much better now. （2）if从句中如果有助动词had,should或were时，可以省略if,而从句使用倒装语序。Had you not left so early,you might have missed the train. Were I to be young again,I would study medicine. Should we miss the train,we should have to wait an hour at the station. （3）有时候假设的情况不是以条件句的形式表示出来，而是用介词without,but for等或是用连词but,or,otherwise等方式来表示的。 Without you help,I woul dn’t have achieved so much,. But for your help,I would not have succeeded. We didn’t know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephone hi m. 一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 1[/B]、动词[/B]wish[/B]后面的[/B]that[/B]从句中常用虚拟语气表示愿望。如果表示现在的愿望，从句中过去时（[/B]be[/B]动词用[/B]were[/B]）；如果表示过去的愿望，从句中用过去完成时或[/B]would/should/could/might+have+[/B]过去分词；如果表示将来的愿望，从句中用[/B]would/should/could/might+[/B]动词原形。[/B][/B] I wish I know his address.
虚拟式常见用法
Usos del subjuntivo 1.表达愿望、祈使、恳求、争取、目的等含义 1.Que descanses. 2.Deseo que se mejore pronto con el medicamento que le has dado. 3.Espero que nos veamos la semana que viene. 4.Procuréque se apartara esa chica que nos parecía super pesada(讨厌的，麻烦的). 5.Te llamarán para que les cuentes algo de tu vida. 2. 表示感情及心境变化 1.Tenía miedo de que le suspendieran(使不及格) en matemáticas. 2.Me alegro mucho de haberte visto. 3.No me gusta nada que fume mi padre. 3. 表示命令、建议等含义 1.Me dijeron que volviera a llamarles el día siguiente. 2.No tires el papel en el suelo. 3.El médico le aconsejó que no fumara. 4.Propongo que quedemos este sábado para tomar un café. 5.Me pidió que le hiciera un favor. https://www.360docs.net/doc/ce507811.html, profesora no permitió que copiaran en el examen. 4. 表示怀疑或者否定的认知和判断等含义 1.Yo no creía que estuvieras preparado para el examen. 2.Dudo que llegaran temprano.
If条件句和虚拟语气
If条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（First conditional）,一类是非真实条件句(Second Conditional)。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句；如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句。 1.真实条件句,可用if和unless引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求,这时的if等于when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will用于if从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： If I become president, I’ll make all of my people live a happy life. (竞选总统的候选人这样说) If I became president, I’d make all of my people live a happy life. (一个小学生这样说) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反 If you had come here a little earlier, you would have met the pop star. I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese. l 以下推测将来 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could we do? 2) 错综时间条件句
excel公式中的If条件语句 如何在excel公式中的if使用and和or逻辑
excel公式中的if条件语句如何在excel公式中的if使用and和or逻辑 2007-12-27 因为本人从事教学工作，经常要用到Excel对成绩进行计算汇总，其中遇到的一个典型的问题是如何根据分数来给出优、良、中、差的等级。 如果只有两个分数段（如及格、不及格两个级别）很好办，假设成绩数据已经输入单元格A1，直接用Excel公式输入条件A1>=60，为真时填写“及格”，为假时填写“不及格”就可以了。这时显示在Excel 单元格里的公式是：=IF(A1>=60, “及格”,“不及格”)。 如果有多个分数段，比如要求: x<60-----------------------不及格 x>=60 AND x<75--------及格 x>=75 AND x<85--------良 x>=85----------------------优
其实很简单，只要了解Excel里IF函数参数和返回值的用法，第一个参数是条件，第二个参数是条件为真的返回值，第三个参数是条件为假的返回值；而且IF函数可以嵌套(根据Excel2003的帮助文件，最多嵌套可达七层)，这样上面的问题可以用如下公式来解决： =IF(A1<60,"不及格",IF(A1<75,"及格",IF(A1<85,"良","优"))) (这时无法使用Excel的交互式的方法输入，可以把这个公式修改后复制到单元格里) 因为Excel特有的单元格拖拽功能，很容易就把这个公式给复制到一整列上了，这样就实现了一系列成绩自动的给出等级，使用起来还是比较方便的。这个小技巧比较初级，但是我认为还是比较的实用的，见笑了。 (yanqlv原创，转载请注明出处） feng1725改进与完善： 成绩的正常值在0到100之间，大于0或小于100就是非法值，对此，我们对以上公式进行改进：
可用虚拟语气的用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
虚拟式的用法
英语动词的三种语气 英语中，人们常常用不同的动词形式来表达自己的不同看法和态度。这种动词的形式就叫做动词的语气。英语动词有陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1. 陈述语气 叙述事实或者可能发生的事情时，人们所使用的语气就是陈述语气。如： I’m a boy of sixteen this year. 今年我是个十六岁的男孩了。 I want to travel in the space like Yang Liwei. 我想象杨力伟那样去太空旅行。 He’ll come here to see me next Sunday. 下周星期天他要来看我。 2. 祈使语气 人们用来表示命令、要求、请求、邀请、劝告或建议时所使用的语气就是祈使语气。如：Hurry up. 快点。 Don’t go there. 不要去那儿。 Open your books at P. 126. 翻开书126页。 3. 虚拟语气 表示所说的话不是事实，而只是一种愿望、猜测、假设、建议，并且这种愿望、建议等实现的可能性很少或根本不能实现时，所使用的语气就是虚拟语气。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky freely. 要是我是一只鸟，我就能自由自在地在天空飞翔。 I wish you a happy new year. 祝你新年愉快。 I’d rather you came this afternoon. 我倒想要你今下午来。 使用虚拟式的几类从句 1. wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气 要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如： I wish he were more careful. 你是你更仔细点就好了。 I wish I hadn’t said that. 我要是没有说那话就好了。 I wish I could speak your language. 但愿我能讲你们国家的话。 2.if only后的句子用虚拟语气 if only 与I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与wi sh后所接时态的情况相同。如： If only I weren't so nervous. 但愿我不这样紧张。 If only I had listened to your advice! 我要是听了你的劝告就好了! 3. as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气 以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形。如： I love you as if you were my son. 我爱你就像你是我的儿子。 注：若从句所内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。如： t seems as if we shall have to walk. 似乎我们得步行了。 4. It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气 从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如：
If和+whether的用法讲课教案
If和whether if不能替换whether的5种情况 1.正式文体中，句中有or not 时 2.引起主语，表语，同位语从句时 3.作介词宾语时 4.放不定式前，与不定式组成词组时 5.作discuss等词的宾语时 以上是if和whether表示"是否"之意的区别，此外，if还有加入的意思，引起条件状语从句；而whether 另有不管无论之意，引起让步状语从句 whether与if作“是否”讲，在用法上有相同之处，也有不同之处。 一、相同之处。 1.whether和if都能引导宾语从句，常置于see,ask,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out等动词之后。 如：He asked me whether/is I could help him. I want to know whether/if he lives there. 2.whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。如：it's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening. 3.在be uncertain/doubtful之后，常用whether引导宾语从句，有时也可以用if，如：We are uncertain whether/if Mary will come. 二、不同之处。 1.whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能。如：___the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet. A.whether B.If C.Whether D.That 答案是C。 2.whether可用在介词之后，引导宾语从句，而If则不能。如：Success depends on whether we make evough effort. 3.whether可引导表语从句，if则不能。如：The puestion is whether it is not worthdoing. 4.在名词之后引导同位语从句时，用whether而不用if。如：The puestion whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher. 5.whether后可接不定式，而if不能。如：Please tell us whether to go or stay here. 6.在有些动词（如discuss）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。如：We discussed whether we should close the shop. 7.在引导否定概念in宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether.如：he asked me if I hadn't finished my work. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如： I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you. Ask him whether / if he can come. 但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别。 1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用，而if一般不能。如： 正：Let me know whether you can come or not. 误：Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。如： 正：Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. 误：If it is true or not, I can’t tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能。如： 正：I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
if虚拟语气
英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气（用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。） 虚拟语气的考点： 1.条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法； 5.虚拟语气时态的判定。 一、If引导的虚拟条件句 区别： If it rains tomorrow，the crops will be saved. 陈述语气 If it rained tomorrow，the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真：eg.If he doesn’t hurry up,he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。(真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气） If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） 非真：eg.If I were you,I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句） 二、虚拟语气在条件从句中： 【例句】1.If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。（与过去事实相反）
2.If it were sunny tomorrow，i would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。（与将来事实可能相反） 3.If i were you，i would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。（与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你）主从句的谓语形式 （一）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 表示与现在事实相反的情况， 例1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder,he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力
德语第二虚拟式的用法
1- 非现实愿望句 (Irrealer Wunschsatz) Wenn das Wetter doch schoen waere! (Aber das Wetter ist nicht schoen.) 天气好该多好啊。 Wenn wir jetzt Ferien haetten! 我们现在若有假日多好啊！ Wenn er gestern doch gekommen waere! 昨天他要来了多好啊！ Wenn ich ihn nur getroffen haette! 我要是碰上了他多好啊！ Waere das Wetter doch schoen! Kaeme Herr Li doch!备注： a- 句型中常用doch或nur加强语气，句末用感叹号； b- Wenn 可以省去，此时句子为反语序。 2- 非现实条件句 (Irrealer Konditionalsatz) 2-1 用wenn带出，只表示未过及已过两个时间段：Wenn ich Zeit haette, kaeme ich gerne zu eurer Party. (未过时) 假日我有时间，我愿来参加你们的派对。Wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette, waere ich zu eurer Party gekommen. (已过时) 我要是昨天有时间，就到你们的派对来了。Wenn ich das Buch gekauft haette, koennte ich es dir auch leihen. (已过时) 我要是买了那本书，我也能把它借给你。 2-2 带bei, unter, ohne, mit 等介词短语或 beinahe, fast, gegebenfalls 等副词的独立句：Unter anderen Umstaenden haette ich einen Versuch vorgenommen. 如在别的情况下，我可能做一次试验了。 Ohne das Essen koennte man nicht leben. 没吃的人就活不了。 Es waere beinahe zu einer Explosion gekommen. 差一点儿发生爆炸。Gegebenfalls muesste diese Maschine zu einer Generalreparatur gegeben werden. 必要的话，这太机器得拿出去大修。 3- Wuerden 在非现实条件句中的用法：因有些弱变化虚拟式动词形式易与直陈式混淆，在表示未过时的虚拟情况时，常用wuerden加不定式来代替：Er uebersetzte den Text, wenn er Zeit haette. Er wuerde den Text uebersetzen, wenn er Zeit haette.(句中用wuerde代替uebersetzte) Wir wuerden gleich zu ihm gehen, wenn es nicht zu spaet gewesen waere. (句中用wuerden代替gingen) 4- 第二虚拟式用于客气的请求 (Konjunktiv II der Hoeflichkeit) Haettest du Lust zu einer Party? Waere Ihnen das recht? Duerfte ich hier bleiben? koennten Sie uns helfen?
if引导的虚拟条件句(20200509141756)
Subjunctive Mood Ⅰ. Listen to the songs and fill in the blanks Number one: If _______________, _____________so high That the only people near me Would be the pilots in the sky. And If _______________, _______ so gracefully Through the air so all mankind could see. If _______________ Number two: If ______________I'd never hear your voice again, ___________each thing you ever said And on those lonely nights I could think of them once more And keep your words alive inside my head If _______________I'd never hear your voice again Number three: If I ______________, I _______________ in your way So I'll go, but I know I'll think of you every step of the way And I will always love you I will always love you Number four: yeah if ___________, then money, fame and fortune never _____________ If ____________, _____________a party( it'd be ecstasy(狂喜)) yeah if __________ you y-y-y-y do y-y-y-y-y do y-y-y-y-y do If _____________ that would be the only thing I'd ever need Subjunctive mood is used to talk about situations that are ______ true or _____ likely to become true. Ⅱ Observe the following sentences and put them into throw groups 1.If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 2. If she hadn't called me, I could have overslept(睡过头) this morning. 3. If he were you, I might go and try. 4. If I had time right now, I should certainly help you. 5. If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 6. If it should rain in the near future, the crops could be saved. 7. If he were here tomorrow, I should speak to him. 8. If we had no air and water, we wouldn't survive. 9. If it snowed tomorrow, I might stay at home. 10. If you were to be a millionaire soon, what would you do with your money? Contrary to the present:__________________ Contrary to the past:_____________________ Contrary to the future:___________________ Ⅲ Structures of subjunctive mood 1. 虚拟条件从句主句 与现在事实 相反的假设If+S+________________ S+_____________________ 与过去事实 相反的假设If+S+ ________________ S+_____________________ 与将来事实 相反的假设 _______________ If+ S+ _______________ _______________ S+_____________________ 2. If 的省略:________________________________________________ 3. 错综条件句:______________________________________________ 1)If you had followed my advice the other day, you would feel better now.
if条件句和should的用法
If 引导条件句的用法 1、真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。时态关系 句型：条件从句主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 2 非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c. 表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形
虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法
虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法 在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用“动词过去式（be 的过去式用were ）,主句谓语用“would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词”；若表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“动词过去式（were to +动词原形，should+动词原形）”，主句谓语用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形”。若把从句中were, should 或had移到句首，可省略从句的连词 if 并使用倒装语序. ① If my lawyer ___here last Saturday ,he ____me from going.(NMET’89) A. had been ;would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ;would prevent D. were;would have prevented ②---If he ____,he ____that food. --Luckily he was sent to the hospital imme diately.(MET’93) A. was warned ;would not take B. had been warned ;would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken ③I didn’t see your sister at the meeting .If she ___,she would have met my brother.(NMET’94) A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come ④____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(1994,上海) A. Were B. should C. Would D. Will 2．考查通过上下文或介词短语表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气的用法在英语中，有时假 设的条件不是通过if 条件句表达出来，而是通过上下文或without, but for 等 介词构成的短语表达，其谓形式要根据所假设的时间，与if 从句所表达的时间对应，确定主句谓语形式。 [考例]⑤Without electricity human life ____quite different today.(NMET’91) A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be ⑥I told Sally how to get here ,but perhaps I ____for her .(NMET’94) A. had to write out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
虚拟语气用法归纳优选稿
虚拟语气用法归纳文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用
would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来 判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假 设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现 主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间 状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)