文体学考试大题分析

一．期末考试分析题思路以及材料

The checklist of linguistic and stylistic categories:（看到文章，从这四个方面分析）

A: Lexical categories

B: Grammatical categories

C: Figures of speech

D. Cohesion and context

细则：A: Lexical categories：

1.GENERAL.

Is the vocabulary simple or complex? formal or colloquial? descriptive or evaluative? general or specific?

How far does the writer make use of the emotive and other associations of words, as opposed to their referential meaning?

Does the text contain idiomatic phrases, and if so, with what kind of dialect or register语域 are these idioms associated?

Is there any use of rare or specialized vocabulary? Are any particular morphological categories noteworthy (e.g. compound words, words with particular suffixes)?

To what semantic fields. do words belong?

The checklist of lexical categories and their stylistic functions：

1）NOUNS

abstract *（抽象）society/idea, or concrete（具体） house/cat?

What kinds of abstract nouns occur

events： war/eruption,

perceptions： understanding/consciousness,

processes： development,

moral： virtue

social： responsibility,

qualities： bravery

What use is made of proper names? Are there any collective nouns people/staff? 2）Adjective

referring to what attribute?

Physical： woolen

psychological ：joyful

Visual： hilly square/snowy

Auditory： bubbling/sizzling

sensory： slippery/smooth

Color： dark/red

referential：big dog/white house

Emotive： exited/happy

Evaluative： good/fat/ bad/lazy

Gradable： young/tall/useful

or non-gradable： atomic/British?

Attributive： an utter fool

or predicative he is ashore ?

Restrictive the exact answer?

Intensifying the simple truth /

a complete victory/a slight effort?

stative tall/long

or dynamic abusive/ambitious?

3)Verbs

Are they stative cost/believe/remain, or dynamic walk/arrive?

Do they refer to movements climb/jump/slide, physical acts spread/smell/taste/laugh, or speech acts persuade/decline/beg, psychological states or activities think/feel/imagine/know/love. or perceptions see/hear/feel?

Are they transitive shut the door, intransitive the door shuts, or linking be/sound/seem/taste/ smell?

Are they factive know/regret/forget/remember or non-factive believe/assume/consider/suppose/ think/ imagine?

4)Adverbs

5)What semantic functions do they perform?

Manner anxiously/ carefully/ loudly/ willingly?

place away/along/across/upstairs/elsewhere?

direction backwards/forward/up/down/in/out?

time ago/already/finally/shortly/immediately?

degree almost/completely/partly/deeply/much?

Are there any significant use of sentence adverbs?

1) adjuncts like happily, proudly, now, outside?

2) conjuncts like so, therefore, however?

3) disjuncts like certainly, obviously, frankly?

B: Grammatical categories

1. SENTENCE TYPES

Does the author use only statements (declarative sentences), or does he also use questions, commands, exclamations. or minor sentence types (such as sentences with no verb)?

If these other types are used, what is their function?

2.SENTENCE COMPLEXITY.

Do sentences on the whole have a simple or a complex structure?

What is the average sentence length (in number of words)?

What is the ratio of dependent to independent clauses?