[考研类试卷]英语专业语言学(综合)模拟试卷7.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷7
一、简答题
1 Distinguish between synchronic and diachronic linguistics.
2 A wolf is able to express subtle gradations of emotion by different positions of the ears, the lips, and the tail. There are eleven postures of the tail that express such emotions as self-confidence, Confident threat, lack of tension, uncertain threat, depression, defensiveness, active submission, and complete submission. This system seems to be complex. Suppose there were a thousand different emotions that the wolf could express in this way. Would you then say a wolf had a language similar to man's? If not, why not?
3 What is the test most often used for determining phonemes in a language? Illustrate how the test works with examples.
4 What's the difference between an open and a closed syllable?
4 For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature or features which they share. Example; [p] [b] [m] Feature; bilabial, stop, consonant
5 [g][p][t][d][k][b]
6 [u][u:][ ɔ]
6 Name the single feature that distinguishes the following pairs of sounds.
7 [ ð] : [θ]
8 [p] : [f]
9 [I] : [e]
10 [b] : [m]
11 [s] : [∫]
12 [s] : [ð]
12 The following sets of minimal pairs show that English [p] and [b] contrast in initial, medial and final positions.
Initial Medial Final
pit/bit rapid/rabid cap/cab
Find similar sets of minimal pairs for each pair of consonants given;
13 [k]-[g]
14 [m]-[n]
15 [b]-[v]
16 [b]-[m]
17 [P]-[f]
17 The English data below provide examples of stress placement on certain verbs. ABC ap'pear a'dapt as'tonish
col'lide col'lapse con'sider
e'rase e'lect i'magine
ca'rouse ob'serve de'termine
cor'rode tor'ment 'promise
18 Describe in words the stress placement on these verbs. Make sure you refer to syllable structure in your statement.
19 Provide syllable representations of the words col'lide, e'lect, and con'sider in order to illustrate your conctusion about stress placement in these forms.
20 Which of the following forms are possible words of
English?mboodcoofp(3)sprokeworpzfrailktleemflukebsarn
21 Consider the following words and finish two tasks:
For each word, determine whether it is simple or compound.
Circle all of the bound morphemes. Underline all of the roots, fly reuse spiteful preplan desks triumphed suite optionality
untie delight fastest prettier
tree justly deform mistreat
dislike payment disobey premature。