PHILIPS数字胃肠机介绍
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Image Intensifier Format 17 cm Measuring Field 60 %
Philips Medical Systems
NO FULL COVERAGE
No Direct Radiation
Format Image Intensifier
17 25 38
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Contents
• System lay - out, subsystems • Patient Positioning, Exclusion of Highlights • Dose regulations; Continuous Fluoroscopy, Exposure, GCF
Philips Medical Systems
kV up kV down
6 5 4
mA
3 2 1 0
40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 11 0
Generator
URF Fluoroscopy Curve
Measurement of Video Signal
Video Signal to strong Video Signal to weak
Direct Radiation excluded, Object well exposed
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Contents
• System lay - out, subsystems • Patient Positioning, Exclusion of Highlights • Dose regulations; Continuous Fluoroscopy, Exposure, GCF
Generator
Sufficient light
Light Measurement
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging GCF Dose Regulation
USER INTERFACE
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, Collimation
Image Intensifier Surface Object
Philips Medical Systems
Exposure, lots of direct radiation, object underexposed
Image Intensifier Surface Object Exposure, lots of direct radiation, object underexposed Collimation Click
Philips Medical Systems
Exposure, still direct radiation, object underexposed Use of additional filter Click (Boomerang)
Philips Medical Systems
• APR, FPR
• DSI (settings and post-processing) • Special examinations; bolus chase, spine, reconstruction, colon map, legs reconstruction
Collimation
Click
Direct Radiation excluded, Object well exposed
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, (Additional) Filters
Philips Medical Systems
Grid Starts / Stops Pulse
GRID
Start/ Stop Fluoroscopy GCF Pulse Frequency Selection
Generator
Pediatric / Adult APR / FPR Pulse typical 10 msec (Pedi) or 20 msec (adult)
Format Image Intensifier
17 25 38
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, II Format 25 cm
Image Intensifier Format 25 cm Measuring Field 60 % Full coverage No Direct Radiation
W.I.P.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Dose regulations
Philips Medical Systems
During Continuous fluoroscopy
During Grid controlled Fluoroscopy
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, II Format 38 cm
Image Intensifier 38 cm Measuring Field 60 %
Philips Medical Systems
Full coverage
Direct Radiation, Object underexposed
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, II Format
PhiHale Waihona Puke ips Medical Systems
Format Image Intensifier
17 25 38
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
• System lay - out, subsystems • Patient Positioning, Exclusion of Highlights • Dose regulations; Continuous Fluoroscopy, Exposure, GCF
Philips Medical Systems
Philips Medical Systems
• APR, FPR
• DSI (settings and post-processing) • Special examinations; bolus chase, spine, reconstruction, colon map, legs reconstruction
How to exclude direct radiation:
Choice of smallest possible Image Intensifier Field
Optimal Collimation
Additional (wedge) Filters
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging URF - Systems, General Lay - Out
– TUBE Monitor
Philips Medical Systems
EV
FILM
II / TV
GENERATOR
DSI
–
CENTRAL PART
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
II, CONVERSION OF ELECTRON BEAM TO LIGHT PHOTO DIODE VIDEO SIGNAL DS I
DOSE REGULATION GCF AND DIGITAL EXPOSURE
LIGHT MEASUREMENT
DOSE REGULATION CONTINUOUS FLUOROSCOPY
Adaptation kV/mAs and/or msec during pulse
Sufficient light
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Medical Systems
TRAD
lmtb
START
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Contents
During Exposure
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging, Dose Regulation in Continuous Fluoroscopy
USER INTERFACE START / STOP MANUAL SETTINGS
Philips Medical Systems
Format Image Intensifier
17 25 38
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, II Format 17 cm
• APR, FPR
• DSI (settings and post-processing) • Special examinations; bolus chase, spine, reconstruction, colon map, legs reconstruction
W.I.P.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging
Dose regulation during exposure
USER INTERFACE
Philips Medical Systems
Start Exposure APR / FPR / MANUAL Stop Exposure
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Image Intensifier / TV subsystem
RADIATION
Philips Medical Systems
IRIS
TV CAMERA
II ENTRANCE, CONVERSION OF RADIATION TO ELECTRON BEAM MONITOR
W.I.P.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control
Philips Medical Systems
– In well adjusted Systems the most common cause for non-optimal Image Quality are highlights due to regions of low absorption or direct radiation. – Exclusion of direct radiation from the measuring field is required for a correct operation of the automated exposure control.
Philips Medical Systems
NO FULL COVERAGE
No Direct Radiation
Format Image Intensifier
17 25 38
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Contents
• System lay - out, subsystems • Patient Positioning, Exclusion of Highlights • Dose regulations; Continuous Fluoroscopy, Exposure, GCF
Philips Medical Systems
kV up kV down
6 5 4
mA
3 2 1 0
40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 11 0
Generator
URF Fluoroscopy Curve
Measurement of Video Signal
Video Signal to strong Video Signal to weak
Direct Radiation excluded, Object well exposed
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Contents
• System lay - out, subsystems • Patient Positioning, Exclusion of Highlights • Dose regulations; Continuous Fluoroscopy, Exposure, GCF
Generator
Sufficient light
Light Measurement
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging GCF Dose Regulation
USER INTERFACE
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, Collimation
Image Intensifier Surface Object
Philips Medical Systems
Exposure, lots of direct radiation, object underexposed
Image Intensifier Surface Object Exposure, lots of direct radiation, object underexposed Collimation Click
Philips Medical Systems
Exposure, still direct radiation, object underexposed Use of additional filter Click (Boomerang)
Philips Medical Systems
• APR, FPR
• DSI (settings and post-processing) • Special examinations; bolus chase, spine, reconstruction, colon map, legs reconstruction
Collimation
Click
Direct Radiation excluded, Object well exposed
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, (Additional) Filters
Philips Medical Systems
Grid Starts / Stops Pulse
GRID
Start/ Stop Fluoroscopy GCF Pulse Frequency Selection
Generator
Pediatric / Adult APR / FPR Pulse typical 10 msec (Pedi) or 20 msec (adult)
Format Image Intensifier
17 25 38
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, II Format 25 cm
Image Intensifier Format 25 cm Measuring Field 60 % Full coverage No Direct Radiation
W.I.P.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Dose regulations
Philips Medical Systems
During Continuous fluoroscopy
During Grid controlled Fluoroscopy
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, II Format 38 cm
Image Intensifier 38 cm Measuring Field 60 %
Philips Medical Systems
Full coverage
Direct Radiation, Object underexposed
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, II Format
PhiHale Waihona Puke ips Medical Systems
Format Image Intensifier
17 25 38
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
• System lay - out, subsystems • Patient Positioning, Exclusion of Highlights • Dose regulations; Continuous Fluoroscopy, Exposure, GCF
Philips Medical Systems
Philips Medical Systems
• APR, FPR
• DSI (settings and post-processing) • Special examinations; bolus chase, spine, reconstruction, colon map, legs reconstruction
How to exclude direct radiation:
Choice of smallest possible Image Intensifier Field
Optimal Collimation
Additional (wedge) Filters
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging URF - Systems, General Lay - Out
– TUBE Monitor
Philips Medical Systems
EV
FILM
II / TV
GENERATOR
DSI
–
CENTRAL PART
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
II, CONVERSION OF ELECTRON BEAM TO LIGHT PHOTO DIODE VIDEO SIGNAL DS I
DOSE REGULATION GCF AND DIGITAL EXPOSURE
LIGHT MEASUREMENT
DOSE REGULATION CONTINUOUS FLUOROSCOPY
Adaptation kV/mAs and/or msec during pulse
Sufficient light
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Medical Systems
TRAD
lmtb
START
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Contents
During Exposure
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging, Dose Regulation in Continuous Fluoroscopy
USER INTERFACE START / STOP MANUAL SETTINGS
Philips Medical Systems
Format Image Intensifier
17 25 38
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control, II Format 17 cm
• APR, FPR
• DSI (settings and post-processing) • Special examinations; bolus chase, spine, reconstruction, colon map, legs reconstruction
W.I.P.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging
Dose regulation during exposure
USER INTERFACE
Philips Medical Systems
Start Exposure APR / FPR / MANUAL Stop Exposure
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Image Intensifier / TV subsystem
RADIATION
Philips Medical Systems
IRIS
TV CAMERA
II ENTRANCE, CONVERSION OF RADIATION TO ELECTRON BEAM MONITOR
W.I.P.
© 1998 Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V.
Philips Digital Spot Imaging Highlight Control
Philips Medical Systems
– In well adjusted Systems the most common cause for non-optimal Image Quality are highlights due to regions of low absorption or direct radiation. – Exclusion of direct radiation from the measuring field is required for a correct operation of the automated exposure control.