沈阳北陵公园英文解说词(含部分中文+平面图和雕像)

沈阳北陵公园英文解说词（含部分中文+平面图和雕像）
开始/Beginning
Welcome everyone.
Today, our destination is Beiling Park.
Feel the ancient China and know the history of China.
简单介绍/Brief Introduction（门口处）
北陵公园/Beiling Park is a park in the northern part of Shenyang City, China.
Ling means the tomb or mausoleum; here refers to Zhaoling, the mausoleum of the second Qing emperor, Huang Taiji, and his empress.
距今已经有370了/ It has the history of 370 years.
The park has/covers an area of 3,300,000m², and contains many historic buildings, pine trees and lakes.
In 1927, Government of the Fengtian Province (later renamed Liaoning Province ) established the park, which includes Zhaoling, the tomb of the second Qing emperor, Huang Taji, and surrounding area.
评价 _ 沈阳的窗口
沈阳昭陵古老的历史、神秘的皇陵、千姿百态的自然景观，成为数以万计的中外游客为之心旷神怡、流连忘返的浏览胜地，亦成为世界各国人民了解中国、了解沈阳的窗口。

Zhaoling is full of ancient history, mysterious tombs, and wonderful natural landscape. Each year, tens of thousands of foreign visitors visit this place.
It has become a window for world’ people to understand Shenyang
讲解开始（进门）
Attraction Type:
World Heritage Sites
Ancient Architectures
Beiling Park (Zhaoling Tomb) is the largest park in Shenyang City.
Beiling Park is the area that surrounds Zhaoling Tomb. The park was originally part of the
tomb area. Access to this area was restricted to the emperor and family. Ordinary people
could not go in. With the advent of the new People's Republic of China, the park was opened up to the public.
The area around the Mausoleum is dotted with numerous gardens, paths and lakes as well as pavilions, halls and towers.
Local residents enjoy c oming to the park at all times of the year: in winter, visitors ice-skate on the frozen lake, while in summer they fly kites and practice Taiji Boxing.
It consists of large areas of grass, forest and lakes. The area is quite extensive. Most of the interesting features are between the gate and the Zhaoling tomb in the centre of the park. To the rear of the tomb site, forests stretch on almost endlessly. The lakes in the park have some boating activities and other game areas.
昭陵部分/Centre of the park
That is our most important part.
评价 _ 满汉结合
The Zhaoling Tomb is one of the most famous ancient relics. It is a highlight of China’s ancient architecture field as well as a typical representative to show the cultural exchange between Man and Han ethnic groups.
Zhao Mausoleum (Qing Dynasty)
This is the tomb of the Qing emperor, Huang Taiji, and his consorts.
The construction of the tomb took place between 1643 and 1651. It was built over a period of eight years during the early 17th century.
The buildings are currently covered with scaffolding as renovation work is undertaken. The site is a unique blend of traditional Manchu and Chinese architecture.
The area is listed, along with the other imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasty, as a UNESCO world heritage site and a AAAA rated tourist site on the Chinese national scale.
The tomb and surrounding park cover an area of 3,300,000 square meters. It is one of only 3 imperial tombs north of the great wall of China.
福陵位于沈阳东郊的东陵公园内，是清太祖努尔哈赤和孝慈高皇后叶赫那拉氏的陵墓，因地处沈阳东郊，故又称东陵。

具体介绍开始
关于昭陵
Zhaoling (Lit: Luminous Tomb), also known as Beiling (Northern Tomb) is the mausoleum of the second Qing emperor, Huang Taji, and his empress Xiaoduanwen Borjite.
It is a popular area attraction.
The tomb complex has a row of animal statues leading to it.
The area around the tomb was originally set aside for imperial use and ordinary people were forbidden entry. This forbidden area was opened to the public in 1928 and now forms Shenyang's Beiling Park.
The site is aligned on a north-south axis set west of Shenyang city's old north axis.
This access forms the sacred way of about 1.2 km that leads from the park gate to the tomb buildings.
The way itself is made in three paths.
The centre path was for the deities only or bearers of offerings.
The path of the lefthand (west) of the sacred way was for the ruling emperor and
The righthand (east) path was for officials and imperial staff.
Halfway along the royal way stands a statue of Huang Taiji in a bold stance and wearing military dress.
关于皇太极雕像
北陵公园的皇太极塑像由鲁迅美术学院雕塑系师生完成，塑像高4.2米。

加上3米底座，皇太极的雕像将有7.2米高。

雕像中皇太极顶盔冠甲呈站姿，他左手轻扶随风飘摆的斗篷，右手握着腰刀。

据介绍，这把腰刀是独一无二的，刀鞘是方型，4个铜箍上均透雕镂空龙纹，目前还珍藏在沈阳故宫博物院内。

The statue was designed by the student from Lu Xun Academy of Fine Arts.
Plus the base of 3 meters high.
Standing on the base with the helmet, carrying his cloak by left hand, and holding the sword by his right hand It is said that his sword is unique.
Hong Taiji was an Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded. He laid the groundwork for the conquering of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished.
He was also responsible for changing the name of his people from Jurchen to Manchu in 1635, as well as that of the dynasty from Later Jin to Qing in 1636. The Qing dynasty would last until 1912.
He is very brave, just like his father, playing important role in the Chinese history, esp Qing Dynasty.
To either side lie extensive park lands of forest and lakes.
At the northern end of the royal way, the route crosses a bridge over a lake beyond which stand a series of gates that mark the entrance to the inner tomb area.
The first gate is made of marble with ornate carvings. Heavy steel supports have been added to the front and back of this gate to prevent it falling over. 牌楼
The second gate takes you through the walls that surround the tomb. 正红门
A pair of stone pillars mark the beginning of the inner tomb structures. 石望柱
To either side of the route stand four pairs of stone animals. These are two xiezhi (mythical beasts that could tell good from evil. Here they represent the justice of the
Emperor), two qilin (representing peace and kindness), two white horses, and lastly t wo camels.
Beyond these guardians, the way is blocked by a small building inside which is a large Stele Pavilion,
Stele Pavilion tells of the deeds done by the dead emperor. It is mounted on top of a large statue of a turtle.
After this, to either side of the way stand four buildings. These were used by the emperor and his staff to prepare themselves and their offerings before their ceremony to honor the past emperor.
After these stands the main temple complex. This is a walled area within which the ceremonies for worshiping the emperor were carried out.
The tomb mound and underground palace stand in a semi-circular walled area north of the temple area.
Each corner is marked with a small tower and two larger towers stand over the north and south gates of the temple area.
Within the temple complex's walls stand five buildings. The first fou r, set on either side of the central axis, were used for preparing the ceremony. At the northern end of the temple area, on top of the central axis, stands the altar building.
It was here that the rites of worship were carried out.
The building houses representations of the dead emperor.
Beyond the altar building, a final gate leads out of the temple area to the wall of the tomb mound itself.
The underground tomb remains sealed, its contents hidden from view. Within lies Emperor Huang Taiji, and his consorts along with a multitude of priceless offerings.
中文参考
1643年（清崇德八年）清太宗皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓昭陵建成。

1927年，奉天省政府将昭陵辟为公园，因位于市区北部，故得此名。

是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。

昭陵是沈阳名胜古迹之一，是我国古代建筑的精华，汉满民族文化交流的典型。

北陵既有古老的传统建筑，又有现代化游园设施，置身园中，抚今追昔，令人感慨万千。

它是国内外游人来沈必游之地。

清昭陵
北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博乐济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。

昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有贵妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

昭陵始建于
昭陵始建于清崇德八年至顺治八年基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。

陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。

由南至北依次为：
前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅；
中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房；
后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

隆恩门
昭陵前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。

牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。

游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。

正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。

正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。

既整饬又肃穆。

石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。

这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。

欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。

碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。

方城四角有角楼。

方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。

隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。

方城之后是月牙城和宝城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。

宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。

方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。

游方城先要游隆恩殿。

隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。

隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。

隆恩殿后经过明楼，即可至宝城。

宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。

宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。

登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。

隆恩殿
参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。

宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。

宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。

登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。

现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

古松群
昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。

现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。

这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

补充
爱新觉罗.皇太极，是清朝开创者努尔哈赤的第八子，他统一整个东北，并南下朝鲜，西征蒙古，屡挫大明官兵。

天聪十年（1636）四月，改称帝号，建立起关东一统的大清帝国，将族名改称“满洲”。

他雄心勃勃地挥师西进，兵锋所指，京畿震惊。

经过松锦两次决战，尽歼明军精锐，山海关外，仅存宁远一座孤城，大明江山岌岌可危。

皇太极博览群史，气度恢弘，军事上有勇有谋，政治上极富开拓精神，既有强烈的民族意识，又十分向往汉族文化，兴利除弊，优礼汉官，勘称“上承太祖开国之绪业，下启清代一统之宏图”的创业之君。

他悴死于清军入关前夕，未能实现夺取全国政权的夙愿。

努尔哈赤（1559年2月21日－1626年9月30日），爱新觉罗氏。

明嘉靖三十八年（1559年）出生于建州左卫苏克素护部赫图阿拉城。

后金政权的建立者，清朝的奠基人和主要缔造者。

其子皇太极改国号为“大清”并称帝后，追尊努尔哈赤为太祖，谥曰承天广运圣德神功肇纪立极仁孝睿武端毅钦安弘文定业高皇帝。

清太祖爱新觉罗·努尔哈赤（1559年2月21日-1626年9月30日），清王朝的奠基者，通满语和汉语，喜读《三国演义》。

二十五岁时起兵统一女真各部，平定中国关东部，明神宗万历四十四年，建立后金，割据辽东，建元天命。

萨尔浒之役后，迁都沈阳。

之后席卷辽东，攻下明朝在辽七十余城。

1626年兵败宁远城之役，同年四月，努尔哈赤又亲率大军，征蒙古喀尔喀，七月中旬，努尔哈赤身患毒疽，不久去世，葬于沈阳清福陵。

Nurhaci21 February 1559 – 30 September 1626) was an important Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late sixteenth century in Manchuria. Nurhaci was part of the Aisin Gioro clan, and reigned from 1616 to his death in September 1626.
Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu"), consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched an assault on the Ming Dynasty and Korea's Joseon Dynasty. His conquest of China's northeastern Liaoning province laid the groundwork for the conquest of the rest of China by his descendants, who would go on to found the Qing Dynasty in 1644. He is also generally credited with the creation of a written script for the Manchu language.。