系统分析与设计 第四章ppt
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External users may have access to system
13
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
Techniques for Information Gathering
Analysis
12
4
More On Users as Stakeholders
Horizontal
user roles – information flow across departments
Vertical
user roles – information needs of clerical staff, middle management, and senior executives
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Review Existing Reports, Forms, and Procedure Descriptions
Source: Source:
4
External industry-wide professional organizations and trade publications Existing business documents and procedure descriptions within organization
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
16
4
Fact-Finding Methods
Review
existing reports, forms, and procedure descriptions and discuss processes with users and document business processes
Business users perform day-to-day operations Information users need current information Management users need summary information
Executive users need strategic information
basic assumptions for doing business and seeks to find a better way IT as BPR enabler
Systems
Any
analyst may discover opportunities for process improvement
Analyst brings fresh perspective to problem
Modeling of business processes based on system requirements
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Explain
Describe
the difference between functional and nonfunctional system requirements
and understand the different types of users who will be involved in investigating system requirements
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, Fourth Edition
4
4
Learning Objectives
Descห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ibe
the activities of the systems analysis life cycle phase the effect of business process reengineering on activities of the analysis phase
project may include components of BPR
8
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture
(Figure 4-3)
Interview Observe Build
prototypes and collect questionnaires
Distribute
Conduct
joint application design (JAD) sessions
vendor solutions
17
Research
4
The Analysis Phase in More Detail
Gather Define
information system requirements
Functional and nonfunctional
Prioritize
requirements
for feasibility and discovery
Activities system must perform (use cases) Based on procedures and business functions Documented in analysis models
Nonfunctional
requirements
Technical environment or performance objectives Usability, reliability, and security requirements
7
Business Process Reengineering and Analysis
Fundamental
4
strategic approach to organizing
company
Streamlines
Questions Uses
internal processes to be as efficient and effective as possible
10
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Stakeholders—The Source of System Requirements
People
4
with interest in successful system implementation primary groups of stakeholders
Three
Users (use system) Clients (pay for and own system) Technical staff (ensure system operation)
Every
type of stakeholder is identified by analyst
11
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Stakeholders Interested in New System Development (Figure 4-4)
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
(Figure 4-1)
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
6
Activities of the Analysis Phase and Their Key Questions (Figure 4-2)
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
2
Identify
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
Learning Objectives (continued)
Describe
the kind of information that is required to develop system requirements system requirements through review of documentation, interviews, observation, prototypes, questionnaires, vendor research, and joint application design sessions the need for validation of system requirements to ensure accuracy and completeness and the use of a structured walkthrough
Relationship Between Information Gathering and Model Building (Figure 4-6)
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
15
Themes for Information-Gathering Questions (Figure 4-7)
phase done to understand business functions and develop system requirements structured approach
Original
Create model of existing system
Derive requirements from existing system model
Prototype
Generate
Review
and evaluate alternatives
recommendations with management
5
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
The Activities of the Analysis Phase
3
Determine
Discuss
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
Overview
Analysis
phase of SDLC skills needed
Fact finding for investigation of system requirements Analyst should learn details of business processes and daily operations Analyst should become as knowledgeable as business domain users to build credibility
Current
approach
Identify logical requirements for new system
Balance the review of current business functions with new system requirements
14
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
9
4
System Requirements
New
system capabilities and constraints requirements
Functional
13
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
Techniques for Information Gathering
Analysis
12
4
More On Users as Stakeholders
Horizontal
user roles – information flow across departments
Vertical
user roles – information needs of clerical staff, middle management, and senior executives
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Review Existing Reports, Forms, and Procedure Descriptions
Source: Source:
4
External industry-wide professional organizations and trade publications Existing business documents and procedure descriptions within organization
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
16
4
Fact-Finding Methods
Review
existing reports, forms, and procedure descriptions and discuss processes with users and document business processes
Business users perform day-to-day operations Information users need current information Management users need summary information
Executive users need strategic information
basic assumptions for doing business and seeks to find a better way IT as BPR enabler
Systems
Any
analyst may discover opportunities for process improvement
Analyst brings fresh perspective to problem
Modeling of business processes based on system requirements
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Explain
Describe
the difference between functional and nonfunctional system requirements
and understand the different types of users who will be involved in investigating system requirements
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, Fourth Edition
4
4
Learning Objectives
Descห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ibe
the activities of the systems analysis life cycle phase the effect of business process reengineering on activities of the analysis phase
project may include components of BPR
8
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture
(Figure 4-3)
Interview Observe Build
prototypes and collect questionnaires
Distribute
Conduct
joint application design (JAD) sessions
vendor solutions
17
Research
4
The Analysis Phase in More Detail
Gather Define
information system requirements
Functional and nonfunctional
Prioritize
requirements
for feasibility and discovery
Activities system must perform (use cases) Based on procedures and business functions Documented in analysis models
Nonfunctional
requirements
Technical environment or performance objectives Usability, reliability, and security requirements
7
Business Process Reengineering and Analysis
Fundamental
4
strategic approach to organizing
company
Streamlines
Questions Uses
internal processes to be as efficient and effective as possible
10
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Stakeholders—The Source of System Requirements
People
4
with interest in successful system implementation primary groups of stakeholders
Three
Users (use system) Clients (pay for and own system) Technical staff (ensure system operation)
Every
type of stakeholder is identified by analyst
11
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
Stakeholders Interested in New System Development (Figure 4-4)
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
(Figure 4-1)
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
6
Activities of the Analysis Phase and Their Key Questions (Figure 4-2)
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
2
Identify
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
Learning Objectives (continued)
Describe
the kind of information that is required to develop system requirements system requirements through review of documentation, interviews, observation, prototypes, questionnaires, vendor research, and joint application design sessions the need for validation of system requirements to ensure accuracy and completeness and the use of a structured walkthrough
Relationship Between Information Gathering and Model Building (Figure 4-6)
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
15
Themes for Information-Gathering Questions (Figure 4-7)
phase done to understand business functions and develop system requirements structured approach
Original
Create model of existing system
Derive requirements from existing system model
Prototype
Generate
Review
and evaluate alternatives
recommendations with management
5
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
The Activities of the Analysis Phase
3
Determine
Discuss
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
Overview
Analysis
phase of SDLC skills needed
Fact finding for investigation of system requirements Analyst should learn details of business processes and daily operations Analyst should become as knowledgeable as business domain users to build credibility
Current
approach
Identify logical requirements for new system
Balance the review of current business functions with new system requirements
14
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
4
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition
9
4
System Requirements
New
system capabilities and constraints requirements
Functional