There_be_句型、强调句型(高考复习完整版)

There be 句型
一. There be 句型常用来表示某地/某时有某物/某人
二. 各种句型结构
1.肯定句：
There＋be （is/are）＋某物/某人＋地点/时间。

There is a computer in the room. 房间里有一台电脑。

There are two TV plays every evening. 每晚有两场电视剧
2.否定句：There＋be（is/are）＋not＋某物/某人＋地点/时间。

这个句式的否定形式的构成是将be之后加not，同时，原句中如有some一词，也应改为any. 例如:
There isn't any bird in the tree．/There is no bird in the tree.树上没有鸟。

There aren't any children behind the house．/There are no children behind the house房后没有小孩。

3. 一般疑问句：Be（Is/Are）＋there＋某物/某人＋地点/时间？
Are there any birds in the picture? 图画中有鸟吗?
对疑问句的应答:Yes, there are．/ there aren't．
4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋be（is/are）＋there＋其它？
How many birds are there in the picture?图片中有多少只小鸟?
There is only one．仅有一只。

针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
What’s + 介词短语?
What’s on the boat?
5.There be 句型的反意疑问句
There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?桌子上有只杯子，是吗？
There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren’t there?邮筒里有很多信件，是吗？
There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there?附近要建一家新医院，是吗?
三．主谓一致
There be后面所接的某物有多个时，谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定，即就近原则。

e.g. There is a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my desk. 我的桌子上有一支钢笔，一个铅笔盒和一些书。

There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 门口有两个男孩，一个老师。

四．There be 结构和have的区别与联系（难点）
1.区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系，强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。

如：
There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。

Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。

2.相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has）来表示。

如：
中国有许多长河。

There are many long rivers in China.
China has many long rivers.
三月份有多少天？
How many days are there in March?
How many days does March have?
六. There be 结构中的时态
1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。

There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天，山中有极美的野花。

There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。

There have been several private schools in our area this year.今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。

2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。

There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或许有支香烟。

There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。

There used to be a hospital there before the war.战前，那里曾经有家医院。

3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。

There is gong to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有个会议。

There is likely to be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。

There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。

There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎发生了一起严重事故。

七. there be 句型的变体
there be结构中的be有时可用come (来), develop (产生), exist (存在), fall (落下), follow (跟随), happen (发生), lie (躺着), live (住着), occur (发生), remain (还有), rise (升起),stand (站着)等。

这些动词可以有时态变化，及物动词还可以有语态变化。

例如：
i. There fell a deep silence. 突然一片寂静。

ii. There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation. 在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。

iii. Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. 此后不久，公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。

iv. There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the People’s Heroes. 在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。

八. 习惯用语
There is no good /use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有好处/用处；There is not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽误。

例如：
There is no good making friends with him. 和他交朋友没有什么好处。

He is very ill. Send him to hospital. There's not a moment to lose. 他病得厉害，把他送到医院去，一刻也不能耽误。

难点部分(选学)
一. 主语后的动词形式
在there be 句型中，主语与动词是主动关系时, 动词用现在分词形式；是被动关系时，动词用过去分词形式。

如：
There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。

There are five minutes left now. 现在还有5分钟。

There is someone at the door to see you.
二．there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。

如：
There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。

注意：当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。

There is nothing to do. 没有事可做。

There is nothing to be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。

三、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式
1.在句中作主语、宾语和状语。

（1）. there being 结构起名词的作用，直接位于句首作主语，通常用it 作形式主语，并且用for引导。

There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站，很是方便。

It is impossible for there to be any more.不可能再有了。

（2）. there be 结构作宾语时，通常用there to be ，常作这样一些词的宾语：expect，like, mean, intend, want, prefer, hate等。

I expect there to be no argument about this.我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。

I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。

People don’t want there to be another war.人们不希望再有战争了。

另外，作介词宾语时，如果是介词for，只能用“there to be”其它介词用“there being”
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。

I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.
我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。

2. 作状语的there be 形式，通常用“there being”结构。

There being nothing else to do ,we went home.因为没有其他事可做，我们就回家了。

They closed the door ,there being no customers.因为没有顾客，他们的店关门了。

补充练习
一.根据所给汉语完成句子。

1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。

There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
2. 钱包里有些钱。

There ____ some money in the picture.
3. 在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。

____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
4. 里面还有其他的东西吗？_____ _____ anything else in it?
5. 我们学校有许多班。

There _____ many _________ in our school.
6. 树上没有鸟。

There _____ ______ birds in the tree.
7. 树上有很多苹果。

______ ______ _______apples ______the tree.
二. 用“have,has,had”或“there be”填空
1. I________a good father and a good mother.
2. ____________a telescope on the desk.
3. He_________a tape-recorder.
4. _____________a basketball in the playground.
5. She__________some dresses.
6. They___________a nice garden.
7. What do you___________?
8. ______________a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike___________?
10. ______________any books in the bookcase?
11. My father_________an interesting story-book ten years ago. .
12. _______________a story-book on the table.
13. _______________any flowers in the vase just now?
14. How many students____________in the classroom?
15. My parents___________some nice pictures.
16. _____________a map of Japan on the wall yesterday .
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall.
18. David__________a telescope long before.
19. David’s friends___________some tents.
20. ______________many children on the hill tomorrow.
三．句型转换
1. There aren't any pictures on the wall.(同意句转换)
There _______ _______ pictures on the wall.
2. There isn't a bike behind the tree. (同意句转换)
There _______ _______bike behind the tree.
3. There is no milk in the glass (同意句转)
There _____ _____ milk in the glass.
4. There is no book on the floor. (同意句转换)
There _____ _____ book on the floor.
5. There are no pens in the pencil-case. (同意句转换)
There ______ ______pens in the pencil-case.
6. A week has seven days. (同意句转换)
______ ______ seven days ______a week.
7. There are some books on my shelves. (同意句转换)
______ ______ some books ______ the shelves.
8. Our class has 71 boys and girls. (同意句转换)
四．选择
1. How many ____ are there in the picture? A. woman B. women C. boy D. milk
2.There ____ two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. has D. are
3.Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are_______ .
A. some, some
B. any, some
C. any, any
D. some, any
4. There _________ an English teacher and 40 students in the classroom.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. being
5. Where _________ dirt, there are flies.
A. there has
B. is
C. there is
D. has there
6. There _________ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live.
A. be
B. was
C. were
D. being
7. The students expected there ________ more reviewing classes before the final exam.
A. be
B. being
C. have been
D. to be
强调句型考点讲与练
句型结构：
It is / was + 被强调部分+ that / who /whom +句子剩余部分…
•这个句型用来强调除谓语以外的各种句子成分,被强调部分必须放在it is/was 后面，如果强调的部分是人，可以who/whom 来代替that.
如：They will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.
•强调主语:
It is they that/who will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.
•强调宾语:
It is a meeting that they will have in the hall tomorrow
•强调地点状语:
It is in the hall that they will have a meeting tomorrow
•强调时间状语:
It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the hall.
随着高考考点的不断深入变化，该句型总是以新的面孔出现，或本身发生变化，或与其他句式结构相结合，然而万变不离其宗，总是脱不掉it + be + that/who/whom 这一框架结构。

现在结合近几年有关高考题的特点，将其变化形式归纳如下：
一. 强调句型的一般疑问句形式。

句式特征：Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that…；
•1．（1994 上海）Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronauts succeeded ___ landing on the moon ?
A. when; on
B. that; on
C. when; in
D. that; in
•简析]：比较It was in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon 我们不难看出该题干实质上是该陈述句的一般疑问句形式。

答案选D。

•2．Could it be in the restaurant in ____ you had dinner with me yesterday ____ you lost your handbag?
A. that; which
B. which; that
C. where; that
D. that; where
•这是一个含有情态动词的强调句型的一般疑问句形式，第一空格所在的句子成分应为定语从句，结合介词in应用关系代词which；第二个空格所在部分应为强调句型中的that分句。

故答案为B。

二、结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式。

句式特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？
•3．_______ is it _______has made Peter _______he is today?
A. What; that; that
B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that
D. What; that; what
•[简析]：本题结构复杂，乍看难以理清，请看下面两句：
It is determination that has made Peter what he is today.
对划线部分提问→What is it that has made Peter what he is today?
对照原题，则答案为D。

•依此为据扩展开来可为：
•4．How is it that she turned down our help? 什么原因使得…？
•5．Where was it that you met Tom yesterday? 究竟在哪…？
•6．When was it that you met him in the park? 究竟何时…？
•7．When and where was it that you got to know Mary? 究竟在何时何地…？
•8．Who was it that that came up with the bright idea? 究竟是谁…？
•9．Which book is it that you want to buy? 究竟是哪一本书…？
•10．Whose umbrella was it that you took away? 到底是谁的伞…？
三、强调句型的反意疑问句形式
句式特征为：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it？
•11．It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, ______?
A. do they
B. didn’t they
C. wasn’t it
D. was it
•[简析]：答案C. 此种情况下疑问句中的主语应与强调句型中的主语it保持一致，不能和被强调部分中的名词或代词保持一致，并要遵守“前肯定后否定”的原则。

四、强调句型的感叹句形式。

•句式特征为：what/ how … it is (that) +主语+谓语！
•12．What a beautiful picture it is (that) you have drawn!
•13．How beautiful it is (that) your daughter is!
五、强调句型的“让步含义”。

句式特征为：含有“让步含义”的强调句型在翻译成汉语时要注意“反译”。

•14．It is a wise father that knows his own child.
再英明的父亲也不会理解他自己的子女。

（莎士比亚名言）
•15．It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.
再聪明的人也会犯错误。

六、在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。

•在强调句型中，有时也考察用rather than，not …but…等连接的平行对比结构，此时既要注重比较结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。

句式特征为：
•It is/was not…but…that… ;
不是…而是…（that后的动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致）
•It is /was … not … that… ;
是…而不是…（that后的动词应与not前的名词或代词保持一致）
•It is/was … rather than… that… ;
是…而不是… ( that后的动词应与rather than前的名词或代词保持一致)
•16．It is not help but obstacles that make a man.
•[简析]：本句译为“使人成才的，不是助力，而是阻力”。

注意obstacles和make形成主谓一致关系。

•17．Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, ______ to blame. A. is B. that is C. are D. who are
•[简析]：此句被强调部分中的the sales manager，通过rather than与the sales girls形成比较结构，再考虑到主谓一致的原则，应选B。

•18．(NMET 2000, 24) It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one
B. that
C. what
D. it
•[简析]：本题答案选B。

在本题中被强调部分the ability to do the job 与not where you come from or what you are形成比较结构，the ability to do the job与matters形成主谓一致关系。

当然本题还可说成：It is the ability to do the job not where you come from or what you are that matters. 但这样就显得句子重心不稳，结构不合理。

•19．It is the prevention of disease rather than its successful treatment that has led to the rapid increase of the world’s population.
•[简析]：本句中被强调部分为对比结构，含义为“导致世界人口快速增长的原因是对疾病的预防而非对疾病的成功治疗。

”当然has led to的主语应是the prevention of disease。

七、强调句型中的be动词和情态动词的结合。

句式特征: It may be+ 被强调部分+ that …
It must have been+被强调部分+ that …
Would/ Could it be +被强调部分+that…?
•20．It might have been John ______bought a new book for Mary yesterday.
A. what
B. since
C. that
D. then
•该题答案为C，许多考生误选其他的原因在于be的复杂化而看不出本句为强调句型。

再如：
•21．It may be next week that she leaves for Tokyo.
八、强调句型和名词性从句的结合。

•句式特征为: 整个强调句型用作名词性从句;
或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。

•22．I’ve already forgotten _________you put the dictionary.
A. that it was there
B. where was it that
C. that where it was
D. where it was that
•[简析]：本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。

第一步，复原→It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.
第二步，对划线部分提问→Where was it that you put the dictionary?
第三步，变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：
I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.
与原题对比，答案应为D。

•再看一个强调句型中含有同位语从句的例子：
•23．It was at the very beginning ____Mr. Fox made the decision _____ we should send more firefighters there.
A. when; which
B. where; what
C. then; so
D. that; that
•[简析]：本题答案为D。

第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。

九、强调句型和定语从句的结合。

句式特征为: 在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。

应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分。

•24．It was in the small house _____was built with stones by his father ____he spent his childhood.
A. which; that
B. that; where
C. which; which
D. that; which
•[简析]：本题含义为“是在这间小房子里他度过了童年”，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that, 故答案选A。

再如：
•25．It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time that he ought to have spent doing his lessons.
•[简析]：划线部分作定语从句修饰先行词time。

本题中有两个that，最大的误会就是把二者弄混，第一个that是强调句型中的；第二个that是关系代词引导定语从句的。

因其作spent的宾语，可以省去。

•26．Is _____three hours ______the boy _______family is poor to come to school on foot? A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose
C. it for; that it takes; whose
D. it; when; that;
•[简析]：本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb some time to do sth.的糅合。

我们也分几步来看这个句子：
第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.
第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：
It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours to come to school on foot.
第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：
It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.
第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句即是该题，经对比可知答案应为B。

十、强调句型和（not）……until句型的结合。

句式特征为:
•It is/ was until +被强调部分+that +延续动词
•It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+短暂动词
•如：用强调句型对I didn’t leave until it got dark.中的划线部分进行强调，则变成：•27．It was not until he came back that I knew the result.
•[简析]：注意此种情况下否定词not要从原题的主句上转移到被强调的从句上，这也是否定转移的一种形式。

•28．It was until last year that he ________________________.
A. left school for a new start
B. came to realize the importance of learning English
C. worked as an English teacher at a middle school
D. set out to build a new house of his own
•[简析]：本题不含否定词not，四个选项中只有C项中的动词work为延续性动词，答案C。

十一、强调句型的省略形式。

•句式特征为: 在一定的上下文中，强调句型的某个部分可以省略。

作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。

•29．—— Who is making so much noise in the garden?
—— _________ the children.
A. It is
B. They are
C. That is
D. There are
•[简析]：强调句型在具体的语境中省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。

答案为A。

•30．—— He was nearly drowned once.
—— When was _______?
—— ____ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
(NMET 2002北京春季，30)
A. that; It
B. this; This
C. this; It
D. that; This
•[简析]：在第三句话中when he was in middle school.为定语从句，修饰1998，其后省去了that he was nearly drowned once. 此题如把关系副词when 也挖空，则很容易误选that。

十二、强调句型的形近句型。

•(1) It be +被强调部分+that+… 是强调句型。

去掉it，be，that后，剩余部分仍能组成一个完整的句子。

如：
•31．It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions. 本句去掉it，be，that后可转化成：Probably due to these skills they have been offered a wide variety of positions.
•(2) It+ be+ adj. / n. / 过去分词+that从句句型。

该句型中的It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语从句。

如：
•32．It is important that he (should) learn English well.
•33．It is a fact that he can speak both English and Japanese.
•34．It is suggested that he leave his office right now.
•(3) “It be +时间段+since……”句型。

如果since和延续性动词连用，则意为“某人不做某事已有多久了”；如和短暂动词连用，则为“某人做某事已有多久了”。

如：
•35．It is two months since he fell ill. 他病了两个月了。

•36．It is two months since he was ill. 他病好已经两个月了。

•（4）It be+时间段+before……句型表示“……多久后某事发生”。

•37．It was a long time before they met again. 很长时间后他们才见面。

•38．It was not long before he came back. 时间过不久他们就回来了。

•（5）“It be…when……”句型表示“某事发生时正是……时候”
•39．It was 1949 when the PRC was founded. 试比较强调句型句：
•40．It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded. (去掉it，was，that后仍是一个完整的句子) 练习：
1. It was last year ____ you taught me how to drive.
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. which
2. It was ___ he said ____ disappointed me.
A. that/what B what/that C. what/what D. that/that
3. It was in the factory___ produced TV sets ____ our friend was murdered.
A. which / which
B. that / which
C. that / that
D. where / that
4. _____ find my wallet ,Tom ?
A. Where did you that
B. Where was it you
B. Where have you D. Where was it that you
5.It was not until 1920___ regular radio broadcast began. (NMET95)
A. while
B. which
C. that
D. since
6.It is the ability to do the job___ matters, not where you came from or what you are. (MET01)
A. one
B. it
C. what
D. that
1-6 BBCDCD
It is …that英语句型系列补充强化训练
1.--Where was ＿＿＿＿you picked up the wallet﹖
--Just near the school gate.
A. it
B. it that
C. the place
D. the place that
2. I must find out why ＿＿＿＿so many students made the same mistake.
A. is it that
B. was it which
C. it is what
D. it was that
3. How many years is it ＿＿＿＿your sister came to work here﹖
A. after
B. since
C. before
D. until
4. Is it in the factory ＿＿you visited last week ＿＿＿this kind of car is made﹖
A.／ that
B. where when
C. where that
D.／ when
5. --It's a long time ＿＿＿I saw you last.
--Yes，and what a pity since it will be a long time ＿＿we see each other again.
A. since before
B. before since
C. until after
D. after until
6. It was because of bad weather ＿＿＿the football match had to be put off.
A. so
B. so that
C. why
D. that
7.It was his remarks ＿＿＿＿left me wondering about his real purpose.
A. which
B. what
C. where
D. that
8. -- Was it in 1969 ＿＿＿＿the American astronaut succeeded ＿＿＿＿landing on the moon﹖
-- Quite right.
A. when on
B. that on
C. when in
D. that in
9.It was not until 1920＿＿＿＿＿＿regular radio broadcasts began. NMET 95
A. while
B. which
C. that
D. since
10.＿＿＿is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
11.＿＿＿was in 1979＿＿＿＿＿I graduated from the university.
A. That that
B. It that C .That when D. It when
12. It was for this reason＿＿＿＿＿＿her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which
B. why
C. that
D. how
13. It is the protection for the trees＿＿＿＿really matters rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what
B. that
C.／
D. which
14.-- Was that the new comer who walked by﹖
-- ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. It must be that
B. It must have been
C. He must be
D. This must have been
15. Our classroom is very clean. Do you know who ＿＿cleaned it﹖
A. was it that
B. it was that
C. was it who
D. he was
16. Now then, children. It's high time you ＿＿＿and dressed.
A. washed
B. should wash
C. were washed
D. are washed
17.＿＿＿the people have become the master of their own country ＿＿science can really serve the people.
A. It is only then；that
B. It was that；when
C. It is only when；that
D. It was when；then
18. It was ＿＿＿I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.
A. ten years since
B. many years ago that
C. five years until
D. Two months when
参考答案：1-5 BDBAA 6-10 DDDCD11-15 BCBBB 16-18 CCB。