英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解

中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解

中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解

语法精讲

1.can 和could

2.may 和might

3.need, must和have to

情态动词 4. should和ought to

5. shall, will和would

6. had better

1.can和coul d

① can表示能力，意为“能够，可以”，could用于过去时，

例如He can finish his homework al one. 他可以单独完成作业的。

He couldn’t cook when he was 18 years old. 他18岁时还不会做饭。

② can表示推测，意为“可能”，在否定句中表示否定的猜测，意为“不可能”，could用于对过去的猜测，can’t be 不可能

例如：He could be cooking at this time yesterday. 他昨天这个时候有可能正在做饭。

He can’t be here be cause he has gone to American.他不可能会在这里，因为他已经去美国了。

③ can表示请求语气，coul d的语气更委婉，

例如：Can I help you? / Coul d I help you? 有什么我可以为您效吗？

拓展：be abl e to=can也为“能够”，用来表示能力（有人称和时态的变化）

例如：He is able to d eal with this problem. 他能解决这个问题的。

2.may和 might

① may表示请求，might语气更委婉，

例如：May I help you?

Might I sit here?

② may表示肯定的推测，语气比can更弱，might对过去的推测

例如：Mary may be doing her homework now.

May can be doing her homework now. can表达的推测语气比may更强，更有把握。

3. must和have to

①must表示命令、责任，意为“一定，必须”，must not/ mustn’t表禁止，“一定不要”，

例如：Children must stay away from strangers.孩子一定要远离陌生人。

You mustn’t play fire because it’s dangerous. 千万不要玩火，因为太危险了。

拓展：在表示禁止时，会用“No Doing”来表示，如No Smoking. / No Walking.等。

② must表示推测，语气比can更强.

例如：Mr. Liu must be on holiday now because he is wearing pants.

刘老师现在肯定在度假因为他正穿着平底裤呢！（上课是要穿正装的）

③ Must作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答，否定用needn’t或d on’t have to回答。

例如：Must I finish my homework now?

Yes, you must. / No, you ne edn’t.

④ must 和have to 的区别：

a) must没有人称、时态的变化，而have to根据人称、时态的变化，有不同的形式。

b) Must表示主观上必须做，而have to 表示客观需要。

例如: I must go now. 我必须走了。（我想走了）

I have to go now. 我不得不走了。（因为太晚了等原因，不得不走）

◆Need的用法：

Need既可以作“情态动词”，又可以作“实义动词”。

① Need作“情态动词”的用法：肯定：need 否定：needn’t.

a) need 作“情态动词” 时，多用于否定句和疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句。例如: You needn’t worry about us.

Need I water these fl owers now?

b) 作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答，否定用needn’t回答。例如: Need I clean the room?

Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

② Need作“实义动词”的用法：

a)Need作“实义动词”时，可接名词或动词不定式。

肯定： need+名词 need+to d o 否定：d on’t need to d o

例如: I need some water, I am very thirsty.

肯定： I need to study hard.

否定：You don’t need to clean this room.

b) 疑问句式：要借助助动词 do /does.

例如: Does she need to do her homework now?

Do you need to water the tree?

3.shoul d, ought to

① should表示义务，意为“应该”。否定：shouldn’t 表示“不应该”。

②ought to表示义务，意为“应该”，语气更强。否定：ought not to表示“不应该”.例如：We should protect our environment.我们应该保护我们的环境。

We ought to protect our environment.我们应该保护我们的环境。

4.shall, will和woul d

① shall 表请求、建议，

例如：Shall we go shopping together?

② will表请求、意愿，woul d表对过去的意愿或者比will语气更委婉的请求

例如：I will not make this mistake again. 我不会再犯这样的错误了。

Will you open the d oor? 你可以打开下窗户吗？

Woul d you like a hamburger? 需要来一份汉堡吗？

5.had better 表“最好”，

例如：You had better take a taxi or you will be late.

◆注意：

①情态动词没有单复数形式变化，除了have to

例如：They have to face their problems.

②情态动词变为否定句直接在其后加not，回答时用相应的情态动词帮助回答,

例如：Can I help you?

Yes, of course. / I can. No, I can’t. (注意要用缩写形式回答,但may和might除外)

I can’t / cannot/ can not help you.

但是must的一般疑问句的否定回答例外，

例如：Must I finish my homework?

Yes, you must. No, you needn’t./ don’t have to.

③ have to 的否定形式用d o/d oes/did来完成。

例如：We don’t have to go there.

The boy didn’t have to go to school because there were no peopl e there yesterday.

④need作为实义动词，其否定形式和疑问句要用助动词do、d oes或did来帮助提问，

例如：I don’t need to get up e arly.

Parents need l ove their children more.

⑤ had better否定形式在better后加not，had通常可以和主语缩写。

例如：You'd better not make a mistake again.

课堂检测

I 单项选择。

1.Students _____ wear uniforms at school.

A.must

B. can

C. may

D. need

2.We _____ talk or speak l oudly in public places like hospitals, libraries or cinemas?

A.needn’t

B. mustn’t

C. may not

D. don’t

3.____ you tell me how to improve my memory?

A.Do

B. Can

C. Must

D. Should

4.I _____ neither read nor write at that time.

A.can

B. may

C. must

D. could

5.The conductor(售票员） said I ____ get off at the next stop.

A.must

B. had to

C. have to

D. would have to

6.—Whose T - shirt is this?

—It______ be John' s. It ‘s ______ small for him.

A. can't; much too B, can't; too much C. mustn't; much too D. mustn't; too much

. 7. -- May I go out now, Dad?

-- No. You______ let your mother know first.

A. can

B. may

C. need

D. must

8.— _______ we clean the classroom at once?

— No, you _______. You _______ clean it after school.

A. Must; needn’t; may

B. Must; mustn’t; can.

C. Shall; can’t; must

D. Need; mustn’t; may 9.–Do you think his story ______ true?--I d on’ think so. But it sounds good.

A. must be

B. may be

C. can be

D. has to be

10.. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.

A. need

B. must

C. shoul d

D. may

系动词，助动词

语法精讲

第一章连系动词

一、定义

连系动词也称系动词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语，例如:

We are in Grad e six this year.

二、分类

连系动词可具体分为三类:

1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特别予以注意。

例如: He is a teacher. He was a soldier two years ago.

2、表示“感觉”的词，即感官动词，如l ook(看起来)，feel(觉得，摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)等感官动词后面加形容词。

3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如come，become, get, grow, turn, go 都解释为“变”、“变得”

例如：

① She becomes a coll ege stud ent.

② His face turns white.

③ The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.

三、难点解释

注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为行为动词，又可以作为连系动词。

1、look看；看起来

① He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词

② It l ooks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词

2、feel摸；感觉

① I feel someone touch my arm. (我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词

② I am not feeling well. (我今天感觉不太好。)连系动词

3、smell嗅；闻起来

① My little brother likes to smell the appl e before he eats it.

(我弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词

② Great! The fl owers smell nice.

(这些花闻起来多香啊！)连系动词

4、sound弄响，发音；听起来

① The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.

② The song sounds very sweet.

5、taste品尝；尝起来

① Please taste the soup.

(请尝一口汤。)行为动词

② The soup tastes terrible.

(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词

6、get得到，获得；变

① There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.

(桌上有些香蕉，你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词

② The days are getting hot summer.连系动词

(夏天开始变热了。)

7、grow生长，种植；变

① Do you grow rice in your country?

(你们的国家种水稻吗？)行为动词

② It’s too late. It’s growing dark.

(太迟了，天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词

8、turn转动，使变得；变

① The earth turns around the sun.

(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词

② When spring comes, the trees turn green and the fl owers come out. (春天来了，树叶变绿了，花儿开了。)连系动词

第二章助动词

一、定义

协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，

例如: He d oesn’t like English.他不喜欢英语。

二、最常用的助动词有:be，have，d o，shall，will，should，would

1. 助动词be的用法

(1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态

例如：They are having a meeting.

(2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态

例如：The wind ow is broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。

2. 助动词have的用法

(1) have +过去分词，构成完成时态

例如：① He has l eft for London.他已去了伦敦。

② By the end of last month，they had finished half of their work.

(2) have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时

例如：I have been studying English for ten years.

3.助动词d o的用法

(1) 构成一般疑问句

例如：① Do you want to pass the exam？你想通过测试吗？

② Did you study English？你们学过英语吗？

(2) d o + not 构成否定句

例如：① I do not want to be criticized.

② He doesn’t like to study.

(3) 构成否定祈使句

例如：① Don’t go there.

② Don’t be so absent-mind ed.

(4) 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气

例如：Do come to my birthday party.

4. 助动词shall和will的用法

例如：① I shall study hard er at English.

② He will go to Shanghai.

5. 助动词should，would的用法

例如：① I telephones him to ask what I should do next week.

② He said he would come.

强化练习

I 单项选择。

1. My brother ____ a teacher. He ____ his stud ents very much.

A .is, like B. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like

2. I ____ tired today.

A. become

B. feel

C. look

D. are

3. You ____ pale（苍白的）. What’s wrong with you?

A. turn

B. seem

C. look

D. become

II用适当的助动词填空。

1. ____ you like this magazine?

2. The girl____ like bread for breakfast.

3. What____ she do at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.

4. They____ not like playing volleyball.

5. Does Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he ____

6. ____ Helen with Yang Ling go to school by bike every day?

7. How many kites____ we have? ---We have ten.

二、英语书面表达专项训练

2．请你根据以下内容提示,为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你好朋友王强Wang Qiang身上的一件事。

1.上周一放学后Wang Qiang骑车回家,在十字路口,看到一位老太太正要过马路。

2.当时交通灯坏了,所有车辆都一个接一个通过十字路口。

3.老太太犹豫不决,不敢独自穿过十字路口。

4.王强看到这种情况,主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口。

5.请就此事谈谈你的看法......

要求: 1.短文要包括以上所有要点。2.行文连贯,可适当发挥。3.词数:80-100。开头部分已给

出,不计入总词数。

参考词汇:十字路口 crossroads 在……犹豫不决 hesitate in

Last Monday Wang Qiang rode his bike back

home.__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________

【答案】Last Monday Wang Qiang rode his bike back home. On his way home, at a crossroads he saw an old lady going across the road. Because the traffic lig hts didn’t work at that time, all the traffic crossed the road without stopping one by one. The lady hesitated in whether she should cross it, but she was afraid to do that When Wang Qiang saw that, he offered to stop the traffic with his bike in order to lead her to cross the road safely.

In my opinion, Wang Qiang is such a good example that we should learn from him. At the same time we also suggest that all the drivers should let people cross first and then traffic when this situation happens.

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇给材料作文，介绍发生在我的好朋友王强身上的一件事。

【详解】

结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为第三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：The lady hesitated……，but she was afraid……，he offered to……，Wang Qiang is…..等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】

本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了王强骑车回家的路上看见一位老太太不敢过马路，接下来介绍他主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口，最后我就这件事谈谈我的想法。此处on one’s way, see sb doing sth, at that time, without doing sth, offer to do sth, learn from等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。

3．初中生活即将结束，学校英语俱乐部特邀你写一篇英语短文,给七年级新生的学习生活提几点建议。

内容要点如下：

1. 初中科目更多，好的学习方法很重要；

2. 锻炼身体，保持健康；

3. 参加社团活动，使学校生活丰富；

4. 多读书，多交朋友；

5. 补充一两点个人想法。

注意：

1. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；

2. 词数：60－80；

3. 内容连贯，不要逐条翻译；

4. 短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：method n. 方法club n．社团colorful adj.丰富的

Welcome to our school!

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

【答案】I will graduate from my school. Therefore I’d like to share something with you. Firstly,because of many subjects in middle school, it is important for you to have your own study methods. In order to be better at study, you must do more exercise to keep healthy. Secondly, you can join in some club activities to make school life more colorful in your spare time. In other words, please keep balance between school life and study. In addition, it is a good choice to make more friends and read more books. At last, if you have problems in school life, please talk with your teachers or parents. They are always there waiting for you. I hope you will have a wonderful school life.

【解析】

试题分析：这是一篇给材料作文，自己即将毕业，给七年级新生的学习生活提几点建议。结合所给的材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般将来时，以第一人称为主，要注意主谓一致，所写的句子要符合英语语法，用自己熟悉的单词和句式来写。

写作亮点：本文结构紧凑，开头两句很自然地过渡到正文上来。用了短语和句式，如：graduate from毕业于；share sth with sb和某人分享某事；wait for等候等，用来一些过渡词或短语，如：Firstly, Secondly,In other words, At last等，上下文衔接很自然。

4．假如你是李华, 正在美国格林中学做交换生?为了让更多的人了解中华文化, 你打算向学校申请建立一个社团( Chinese Culture Club)?请用英语给学校负责老师Mr. Lee 写一份申请, 内容包括建立该社团的原因及社团的主要活动安排?

提示词语: spread, experience, Beijing Opera, chopsticks, speech

提示问题: ? Why do you want to start the club?

? What activities will you have in the club?

【答案】Dear Mr. Lee,

I’m writing to apply for starting a Chinese Culture Club.

As we know, more and more people are interested in Chinese culture, so a Chinese Culture Club can be a good chance for our students to learn more. In this club, students will work together to complete different projects. As a result, we can understand each other better and develop friendships.

We will have a variety of activities for students to experience Chinese culture, such as performing Beijing Opera, practising Chinese calligraphy, having paper-cutting competitions and so on. Moreover, we’ll hold some salons for students to share their life experiences in China and America. I believe everyone in the club will benefit a lot.

I hope this application will be approved. Thank you for your consideration.

Regards,

Li Hua

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇材料作文，根据材料中的相关信息介绍一下中华文化。所提供的材料中列举了你打算向学校申请建立一个社团( Chinese Culture Club)。主要从建立该社团的原因及社团的主要活动安排这几个方面去介绍。时态为一般将来时，人称为第一人称。注意作文中必须包含材料和提示词的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。

【高分句型一】

In this club, students will work together to complete different projects. 在这个俱乐部，学生们将共同完成不同的项目。

to complete different projects是动词不定式，做work together的目的。

【高分句型二】

I believe everyone in the club will benefit a lot. 我相信俱乐部里的每个人都会受益匪浅。

句子everyone in the club will benefit a lot.是宾语从句。

5．你有没有因为没能好好管理时间而影响了学习的经历?请你写一篇文章谈谈这件事及你的看法。

内容包括：1.你没完成学习任务的经历（事情，原因及后果）；2.针对如何管理好时间给出几点建议。

作文要求：1.短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

3.词数80个左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。

Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my

study.__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________

【答案】Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my study.

I had an experience like this. Last weekend, my good friend, Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game. It was interesting. So I spent more time on it. I forgot to do my homework in the end. My teachers and parents were angry with me. I was also upset.

How to make good use of our time? I think we should make a weekday plan. We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. It can help us to remember what we have to do next.

【解析】

【详解】

这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如make good use of，last weekend，how to do，play a game，a kind of，spent more time on，forget to do，in the end，be angry with，be going to do，on the paper，put up等。而特殊非谓语动词结构Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game.和I think we should make a weekday plan. /We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. /It can help us to remember what we have to do next.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】

书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

6．假如你是李华，下周你们学校将要组织学生开展“父亲节活动计划”分享活动，你打算先

分享给你们班交换生Peter，希望听听他的看法。请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他你的计划是什么，你为什么这么做，并表达你渴望得到他建议的心情。

提示词语： gift, love, opinion

提示问题：● What’s your plan for Father’s Day? ● Why do you do so?● What do you want Peter to do?

Dear Peter,

How is it going?

We will share the plan for Father’s Day next

week.__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】例文

Dear Peter,

How is it going?

We will share the plan for Father’s Day next week. I am going to do some meaningful things for my father. Firstly, I am going to buy a beautiful card for him. And then, I plan to cook him a big meal. Though I am not good at cooking, I can ask my mother for help.

I will do this because I love my father deeply. He works very hard every day to support my family. Would you please give me some advice? I am eager to receive your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

【详解】

题干解读：该题目属于记叙文写作，但写作时要按邮件格式写。在写作时应承接短文开头；第二段写你为什么这么做；第三段表达你渴望得到他建议的心情。

例文点评：例文采用的是三段式；用第一人称来叙述父亲节计划；时态采用的是一般现在时为主，描述具体建议时，描写细致，条理清晰。

高分亮点：

短语：the plan for Father’s Day；some meaningful things；buy a beautiful card for him；give me some advice。

句型：Though I am not good at cooking, I can ask my mother for help；I am eager to receive your early reply。

7．假如你是韩梅，你的一位英国笔友Kate发来电子邮件，说她下星期来中国，她向你询问中国的餐桌礼仪。请你根据下面提示给她回一封电子邮件，告诉她有关情况。词数80～100。

提示：1.让客人和长辈先吃每一道菜；2.不要用筷子敲碗；3.不要将手伸到饭桌对面夹菜；

4.等大家都到齐了才开始吃；

5.为主人的长寿、健康、成功干杯……

Dear kate，

I’m glad to receive your email. Now I want to tell you something about the Chinese table manners.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________

Yours,【答案】Dear Kate,

I’m glad to receive your email. Now I want to tell you something about the chinese table manners. In China. the host or hostess doesn’t eat every dish first until the guests and elders b egin. You can’t tap bowls with the chopsticks. You shouldn’t reach across the table or in front of someone to get something to eat. You can eat until everyone is at the table. Besides, you should toast longevity, good health or success of the host or hostess.

Welcome to China!

Yours,

Han Mei 【解析】

【详解】

本文是书信写作，注意书信写作格式，开头与结尾。把自己当做韩梅，切不可在文中出现自己的真实名字等信息。要求根据内容要点来写作。学生首先要认真阅读材料中给出的短语及相关信息,认真审题,确定文章的中心。在写作的文章具有一定的连贯性,还应注意使用一些连接词,使文章的表达更有逻辑性和条理性。写作时还要注意:1.书写规范；2.可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯；3.写完后要认真检查是否有漏写要点,有无拼写错误等。高分句型：In China.在中国。the host or hostess doesn’t eat every dish first until the guests and

elders begin.在客人和长辈开始用餐之前，主人不会先把每道菜都吃完。You shouldn’t reach across the table or in front of someone to get something to eat.你不应该越过桌子或在别人面

前拿东西吃。Besides, you should toast longevity, good health or success of the host or hostess.此外，你应该为主人的长寿、健康或成功干杯。

【点睛】

注意写作过程中，将要点展开并表达清楚，注意使用英语的经典句型,避免出现汉语表达。

8．英语中有一句谚语：Failure is the mother of success.生活中我们常常会遭遇失败，但只要能正确对待，往往会获得最后的成功。请就此用英语写一篇短文，主要内容包括：

1．描述亲身经历的一次失败；

2．叙说失败后如何获得成功；

3．谈谈你的感想。

注意：1．词数90左右。短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；

2．短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺；

3．短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。

Life is full of ups and downs and it is never too easy to achieve success. As the English saying goes, "Failure is the mother of success."

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Life is full of ups and downs and it is never too easy to achieve success. As the English saying goes, "Failure is the mother of success."

I was asked to play in a table tennis match last term. Before the match, I was cinfident that I would win. However, I failed . How sad I was! luckily, my PE.teacher helped me out. He told me not to lose heart. He also helped me with my skills. With his help , my confidence returned and I came up with several new ideas. The next day, though I had to play against anther more skilled boy , I beat him!

So don’t be afraid of failure. If we can deal with it well. failure can be the mother of success!

【解析】

【详解】

1. 题干解读：这是一篇提纲式的给材料作文。要求介绍介绍失败的经历，及从中的收获

和感想。描述经历用过去时态。

2. 例文点评：这篇短文条理通畅，能将要点表达完整。句式丰富，能运用连词使文章更

有逻辑同时运用了大量的短语。

3. 高分亮点：

短语和连词的使用：be full of ，ups and downs，too…to…，help out，before，if，lay

against，deal with等。

句型：(1) Life is full of ups and downs and it is never too easy to achieve success（2）Failure is the mother of success.（3）I was asked to play in a table tennis match last term.（4）The next day, though I had to play against anther more skilled boy , I beat him! (5) If we can deal with it well. failure can be the mother of success!

9．书面表达

请根据提示内容，以My low-carbon life为题写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的“低碳生活”，以及你对“低碳生活”的认识。

提示：1. 出行方式

2. 不浪费纸、水、电等

3. 其他低碳生活的方式（补充一点）

4. 低碳生活的作用

注意：1．词数80左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数；

2．回复须包括所有要点，可适当发挥，使全文连贯、通顺；

3．文中不得提及真实的人名等相关信息。

My low-carbon life

Low-carbon life is a kind of lifestyle. It’s a habit to save all the sources of energy around us. It’s important to protect our environment. _______________________

_________________________________________________________________

【答案】My low-carbon life

Low-carbon life is a kind of lifestyle. It’s a habit to save all the sources of energy around us. It’s important to protect our environment. First, I always go to school on foot and tell my parents to walk to work instead of driving the car. Second, I save water and electricity by turning off the taps , fans; TV sets and lights in time when I don't need them. What's more, water is reused by us in my family all the time. Third, I use the both sides of the paper. I think it is good to make full use of paper. By doing this, we can save many trees. At last, I would go shopping with basket rather than plastic bags.

I believe our life will become better and better if we can do these things.

Lower carbon, happier life. Let's take actions.

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇话题作文。请根据提示内容，以My low-carbon life为题写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的“低碳生活”，以及你对“低碳生活”的认识。本文时态主要为一般现在时。人称主要为第一人称。认真阅读所给提示要点，确定主题，根据要点列出提纲，所写内容必须包括所有要点，可适当发挥，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范。写完以后，注意再读一遍，看看有无单词拼写、标点、语法错误（时态、主谓一致等）。本文提纲：

我的低碳生活

低碳生活是一种生活方式。节约我们周围所有的能源是一种习惯。保护我们的环境很重要。首先，我总是步行去上学，告诉父母步行去上班，而不要开车。其次，当我不需要的

时候，我会及时关掉水龙头、风扇、电视机和电灯，以节约用水和用电。更重要的是，我们家里的水一直都在重复利用。第三，我使用纸张的两面。我认为充分利用纸张是件好事。通过这样做，我们可以拯救许多树木。最后，我会带着篮子购物而不使用塑料袋。

我相信如果我们能做这些事情，我们的生活会越来越好。

低碳，快乐生活。我们采取行动吧。

【点睛】

书面表达要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。语言要规范，时态运用要正确，叙述清楚条里，学习中注意总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用。注意书写的规范：大小写、标点符号等的正确运用。注意检查：单词拼写、语法、动词时态、语序、主谓一致等。写作六步法：1.审题：文体，时态，人称。2.抓住要点：要点是否齐全，适当补充。3.扩充句子：通过增加状语，定语，连词，使句子意思饱满充实。4.连句成文，合理使用连词。5.改正错误：拼写是否错误，语法时态是否正确，连词是否恰当等。6.誊写作文：注意书写工整美观整洁。