高考英语考点 23零冠词

考点二十三零冠词

不用冠词的情况

(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词。

China , America, Smith

Air is matter.

Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。

Man cannot live without water. 离开水人就无法生存。

(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。

This dictionary is mine.

(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。

March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day

Have you had supper?

Spring is the best season of the year.

(4)称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,一般不加冠词。

What’s this, Father?

We made him our chairman.

(5)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。

Do you study physics?

He likes playing football/chess.

(6)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。

They are peasants/ workers.

(7)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。

by car, by bus, by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land

但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。

(8)某些固定词组中不用冠词。

①名词词组中：husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul(全心全意), day and night, knife and fork(刀和叉)

②介词词组中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to, at, from)university(college),to(in,into, from)church, to(in, into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town, at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot, in use、under construction(在建设中)、in debt(欠债)、come to power(执政)、on fire(着火)、at table(用餐)、out of work(失业)at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil, on second thoughts(又一想),in debt, in good (bad) health, in good condition, in great demand, in great need of, in time of danger, in office(就职), in honor of, in trouble (difficulty), in favour of, with anger, in general, in size, in character(在性格上),in sight, in (out of) order, on business, on holiday, on leave, on watch, on fire, heart and soul, knife and fork, at sea, husband and wife,

brother and sister, from morning till night, on horseback

注意：在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。

in hospital 住院(因病)

in the hospital 在医院(工作、参观等)

in front of 在前面,指某物体之外

in the front of 在前部,指某物之内

in charge 负责,主管

in the charge 由……负责

out of question 没问题（没the 没问题）

out of the question 不可能（有the 有问题）

(9)as 引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词不带冠词。

Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.

(10)系动词turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。

The young girl has turned writer. = The young girl has become a writer.

(11)在单数名词+after +同一单数名词(表示“一个接一个”)结构中,单数可数名词前不加冠词。 She did experiment after experiment.

类似的还有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake

(12)形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。

①“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时,前面不用定冠词。Oh, it’s most beautiful. ②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。

She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.

③当形容词最高级作表语,不表示与其他人或物相比时,其前不用定冠词。

The market in the country is busiest in winter.

④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时,不能用定冠词。

A wolf in a sheep’s skin is our most dangerous enemy.

⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意,但在second 、third 等词前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意。

…why you took a second arrow

注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。

He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.

(13)no 与such 连用时应放在such 之前,such 后面的名词不用冠词。

No such thing has ever happened in this village.

(14)never 、ever 置于作主语的名词前,这些名词前不用冠词。

Never did student study so hard. 这个学生从未学得这么认真。

(15)有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力,或为了引起注意力,省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。

Conference opens. 会议召开了。

1.— What's wrong with you?

— I have toothache.

A. a, the

B. the, \

C. \, a

D. the, a

2.—

Do you know ________ girl with long curly hair?

—Yes，she is Mary. She plays ________ tennis very well.

A. a；/

B. the；/

C. the；the

D. a；the

3.—Hi, Frank. Can you play ________ chess?

—Yes. And I can play ________ piano, too.

A. the; the

B. the; 不填

C. 不填; the

D. a；the

（2018·模拟）Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again!

A. the, the

B. 不填，the

C. the, 不填

D. 不填，不填

[真题解析]：选C；第一个空是特指，后面做了解释，故要用the; petrol为物质名词，在这里不可加冠词

We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.

A. the … the

B. / … the

C. the … /

D. / … /

[真题解析]：选B；by sea 固定搭配，不可加冠词，乘船；the continent 大陆是说话人都知道的大陆

一单项选择题

1.Boys and girls，keep calm and be confident. I am sure all of you are __________ excellent students.

A. an

B. a

C. /

D. the

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e12580328.html,ually, it's easier to make decision than to take action.

A. a; an

B. ／; an

C. ／; ／

D. a;／

3.Tim plays ________ violin after school and plays ________ soccer on weekends.

A. the; the

B. the; /

C. /; /

D. /; the

4.My aunt sometimes has only orange for dinner because she wants to be thin.

A.a; 不填

B.a; the

C.an; the

D.an；不填

5.—Uncle is coming by __________ train tomorrow.

—Let's go to railway station to meet him.

A. a; the

B. /; a

C. /; the

D. the; a

二短文填词

When I walked down__1__Third Avenue, as__2__rule, I used to look into the windows of__3__old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time, I cupped my hands against__4__windows to get__5__small look at the treasures inside.

Some things looked as if they had not been cared for__6__long time, but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were__7__most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about old people, too. I knew their value, and it hurt me when

others missed it. I was raised by my grandmother

and given__8__deep sense of the value of

experience. Taught to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color. My grandmother was loved by all__9__people around her. She was known to be__10__wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years.

Old people should be treated as fine gold. They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽) by age, but they can be polished with respect. You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.

参考答案

高考考点问诊

1【答案】C

【考点】固定词组，固定词组

【解析】【分析】句意：—你怎么了？—我牙痛。“What's the wrong with you”，固定说法，你怎么了?“have a toothache”固定说法，牙疼; 故选D。

【点评】定冠词（the）; 不定冠词（a，an）。

2【答案】B

【考点】学科、语言、球类或棋类名词前，表示特指

【解析】【分析】句意：——你认识那个长着长长的卷发的女孩吗？——是的，她是玛丽。她网球打得非常好。不定冠词a/an表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。a用于辅音音素前an用于元音因素前。定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物，特指前文出现过的事物或说话双方都知道的事物。名词后有介词短语修饰经常表示特指，加冠词the。球类运动前不加冠词，故选B。

3【答案】C

【考点】用于乐器前面，学科、语言、球类或棋类名词前

【解析】【分析】句意：——你好，弗兰克，你会下棋吗？——是的，我也会弹钢琴。表示球类或棋类前不用冠词，乐器前需要用定冠词the，故选C。

【点评】考查冠词的用法。

单项选择填空

1【答案】C

【考点】复数名词泛指某类人或物时

【解析】【分析】句意：孩子们，保持冷静，要有自信。我确信你们所有的人都是优秀的学生。不定冠词a/an表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个，经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。根据students是复数，故选C。

【点评】本题考查冠词的用法。以及a、an、和零冠词的用法区别。

2【答案】D

【考点】固定词组，固定词组

【解析】【分析】句意：通常做决定要比采取行动更容易。这里是两个固定的短语，一个是make a decision，意思是做决定；第二个是take action采取行动。故应该选D。

3【答案】B

【考点】用于乐器前面，学科、语言、球类或棋类名词前

【解析】【分析】句意：Tim在放学后拉小提琴，在周末踢足球。play+the 乐器；play+球类运动。故选B。【点评】考查冠词的用法。

4【答案】D

【考点】表示数量“一”，一日三餐前

【解析】【分析】句意：我的姨妈有时候晚饭吃一个橘子，因为他想保持苗条。第一空表示数量，所以用不定冠词，orange是元音开头的单词，故用an；第二空在三餐的名词前不用冠词，故答案为D。

【点评】考查冠词的用法，掌握基本规则，注意a与an的区分。

5【答案】C

【考点】指说话双方都了解的事物，固定词组

【解析】【分析】句意：－舅舅明天要坐火车来。－我们去火车站接他吧。前空是固定结构：by与交通工具之间不加任何词；后空是特指说话人和听话人双方都知道的车站，表示特指，名词前加定冠词the。故选C。

【点评】此题考查冠词的用法。

短文填词

[语篇解读]

本文为议论文。一些旧的东西虽然外表不再光鲜亮丽，但仍有内在的美，老年人也是如此。

如果老年人被善待，受到尊重，同样会焕发出新的活力。

1.解析:设空处后为序数词，且此处表示“次序”，故设空处应填定冠词the。答案:the

2.解析:as a rule为固定短语，意为:通常。答案:a

3.解析:在第三大街卖旧货的老店并非一家，故本空表示泛指，设空处后的old以元音音素开始，故设空处用不定冠词an。

4.解析:设空处后的windows指的是那些老店铺的橱窗，表示特指，故填定冠词the。答案:the

5.解析:get a look at为固定短语，意为:看一眼。答案:a

6.解析:一些东西看上去好像很长时间没有人管了。for a long time很长时间。答案:a

7.解析:设空处后有most，且most在此处表示最高级，故设空处为the。答案:the

8．解析：我被我祖母养大并被赋予了领悟经验价值的能力。sense在本句中作“辨别，领悟”讲，sense在本句中表示泛指，故与不定冠词连用。答案：a

9．解析：设空处后的people在本句中表示特指，故设空处填the。答案：the

10．解析：众所周知，她是一位智慧而善良的女人。woman在本句中表示泛指，故设空处填不定冠词a。答案：a