韦洛克拉丁语教程分析辅导答案

Wheelock’s Latin:

Chapter I

Sententiae
1. Labor mē vocat.
Labor calls me.
2. Monē mē, amābō tē, sī errō.
Please, warn me if I err.
3. Festīnā lentē.
Hasten slowly.
4. Laudās mē; culpant mē.
You praise me; they blame me.
5. Saepe peccāmus.
We often sin.
6. Quid dēbēmus cōgitāre?
What should we think?
7. Cōnservāte mē!
Protect me!
8. Rūmor volat.
A rumor flies. ( or Rumor flies)
9. Mē nōn amat.
She (He or It) does not loves me.
10. Nihil mē terret.
Nothing scares me.
11. Apollō mē saepe servat.
Apollo often saves me.
12. Salvēte!-- quid vidētis? Nihil vidēmus.
Hello!—what do you see? We see nothing.
13. Saepe nihil cōgitās.
You often plan nothing.
14. Bis dās, sī cito dās.
You give twice, if you give quickly.
15. Sī valēs, valeō.
If you are well, I am well.
16. What does he see?
Quid videt?
17. They are giving nothing.
Nihil dant.
18. You ought not to praise me.
Me laudare non debes.
19. If I err, he often warns me.
Si erro, me saepe monet.
20. If you love me, save me, please!
Si me amas, serva me, amabo te!

THE POET HORACE CONTEMPLATES AN INVITATION
Maecēnās et Vergilius mē hodiē vocant. Quid cōgitāre dēbeō? Quid dēbeō respondēre? Sī errō, mē saepe monent et culpant; sī nōn errō, mē laudant. Quid hodiē cōgitāre dēbeō?
?
Maecenas and Vergil are calling me today. What should I think? What should I reply? If I am wrong, they often warn and blame me; if I am not wrong, they praise me. What should I think today?


Chapter 2
SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Salvē, O patria! (Plautus.)
Hello, (Or literally, Be strong) O fatherland!
2. Fāma et sententia volant. (Virgil)
Rumor and opinion fly.
3. Dā veniam puellae, amābō tē. (Terence)
Give the girl a pardon, please.
4. Clēmentia tua multās vītās servat. (Cicero)
Your clemency saves many lives.
5. Multam pecūniam dēportat. (Cicero)
He carries away much money.
6. Fortūnam et vītam antīquae patriae saepe laudās sed recūsās. (Horace)
You often praise but reject the fortune and life of the old country.
7. Mē vītāre turbam iubēs. (Seneca)
You order me to avoid the crowd.
8. Mē philosophiae dō. (Seneca)
I give myself to philosophy.
9. Philosophia est ars vītae. (Cicero)
Philosophy is the art of life.
10. Sānam fōrmam vītae cōnservāte. (Seneca)
Preserve the sound beauty (or form) of life.
11. Immodica īra creat īnsāniam. (Seneca)
Immoderate anger creates insanity.
12. Quid cōgitās? --dēbēmus īram vītāre. (Seneca.)
What are you thinking? – We must avoid anger.
13. Nūlla avāritia sine poenā est. (Seneca)
There is no avarice without punishment.
14. Mē saevīs catēnīs onerat. (Horace)
It (or he, she) oppresses me with cruel chains.
15. Rotam fortūnae nōn timent. (Cicero)
They do not fear the wheel of fortune.
16. T

he girls save the poet’s life.
Puellae vitam poetae servant.
17. Without philosophy we often go astray and pay the penalty.
Sine philosophia saepe erramus et poenas damus.
18. If your land is strong, nothing terrifies the sailors and you ought to praise your great fortune.
Si valet tua patria, nihil nautas terret et debes magnam fortunam tuam laudare.
19. We often see the penalty of anger.
Saepe poenam irae videmus.
20. The ancient gate is large.
Porta antiqua est magna.
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CATULLUS BIDS HIS GIRLFRIEND FAREWELL
Puella mea mē nōn amat. Valē, puella! Catullus obdūrat: poēta puellam nōn amat, fōrmam puellae nōn laudat, puellae rosās nōn dat, et puellam nōn bāsiat! Ira mea est magna! Obdūrō, mea puella -- sed sine tē nōn valeō.
My girl does not love me. Good-bye, girl! Catullus is firm: the poet does not love the girl, he does not praise the girl's beauty, he does not give the girl roses, and he does not kiss the girl! My anger is great! I am firm, my girl – but without you I am not well.


Chapter 3
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. Filium nautae Rōmānī in agrīs vidēmus.
We see the son of a (or the) Roman sailor on the farm.
2. Puerī puellās hodiē vocant.
The boys are calling the girls today.
3. Sapientiam amīcārum, fīlia mea, semper laudat.
My daughter always praises her friends’ wisdom.
4. Multī virī et fēminae philosophiam antīquam cōnservant.
Many men and women preserve the ancient philosophy.
5. Sī īra valet, O mī fīlī, saepe errāmus et poenās damus.
If anger is strong, O my son, we often err and pay the penalty.
6. Fortūna virōs magnōs amat.
Fortune loves great men.
7. Agricola fīliābus pecūniam dat.
The farmer gives his daughters money.
8. Without a few friends life is not strong.
Sine paucis amicis, vita non valet.
9. Today you have much fame in your country.
Multam famam in patria tua hodie habes.
10. We see great fortune in your daughters’ lives, my friend.
Videmus, mi amice, magnam fortunam in filiarum tuarum vitis.
11. He always gives my daughters and sons roses.
Filiis et filiabus meis rosas semper dat.
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SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Dēbētis, amīcī, dē populō Rōmānō cōgitāre. (Cicero)
Friends, you must think of the (or our) Roman people.
2. Maecēnās, amīcus Augustī, mē in numerō amīcōrum habet. (Horace)
Maecenas, a friend of Augustus, has me in the number of (his) friends, or has me as one of his friends.
3. Libellus meus et sententiae meae vītās virōrum moment. (Phaedrus)
My little book and opinions advise men’s lives.
4. Paucī virī sapientiae student. (Cicero)
Few men are eager for wisdom.
5. Fortūna adversa virum magnae sapientiae nōn terret. (Horace)
Adverse fortune does not frighten a man of great wisdom.
6. Cimōn, vir magnae fāmae, magnam benevolentiam habet.
Cimon, a man of great fame, has great benevolence.
7. Semper avārus eget. (Horace)
A greedy man is always in need.
8. Nūlla cōpia pecūniae avār

um virum satiat.
No abundance of money satisfies a greedy man.
9. Pecūnia avārum irrītat, nōn satiat.
Money excites, not satisfies a greedy man.
10. Sēcrētē amīcōs admonē; laudā palam.
Advise your friends in secret; praise them openly.
11. Modum tenēre dēbēmus.
We ought to keep moderation.
?
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THE GRASS IS ALWAYS GREENER
Agricola et vītam et fortūnam nautae saepe laudat; nauta magnam fortūnam et vītam poētae saepe laudat; et poēta vītam et agrōs agricolae laudat. Sine philosophiā avārī virī dē pecūniā semper cōgitant: multam pecūniam habent, sed pecūnia multa virum avārum nōn satiat. (Horace, Sermōnēs 1.1)
The farmer often praises both the life and fortune of the sailor; the sailor often praises the great fortune and life of the poet; the poet praises both the life and fields of the farmer. Without philosophy, greedy men are always thinking about money: they have much money, but much money does not satisfy a greedy man.


Chapter 4
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. ōtium est bonum, sed ōtium multōrum est parvum.
Leisure is good, but the leisure of many people is little.
2. Bella sunt mala et multa perīcula habent.
Wars are bad and have many dangers.
3. Officium nautam dē ōtiō hodiē vocat.
Duty calls the sailor from leisure today.
4. Paucī virī avārī multās fōrmās perīculī in pecūniā vident.
Few greedy men see the many forms of danger in money.
5. Sī multam pecūniam habētis, saepe nōn estis sine cūrīs.
If you have much money, you are often not without anxiety.
6. Puellae magistram dē cōnsiliō malō sine morā monent.
The girls warn the teacher about the evil plan without delay.
7. O magne poēta, sumus vērī amīcī; mē iuvā, amābō tē!
O great poet, we are true friends; help me, please!
8. Fēmina agricolae portām videt.
The farmer’s wife sees the gate. (or, The woman sees the farmer’s gate.)
9. You (sg.) are in great danger.
In magno periculo es.
10. My son’s opinions are often foolish.
Sententiae mei filii saepe sunt stultae.
11. The daughters and sons of great men and women are not always great.
Filiae et filii virorum et feminarum magnarum non semper sunt magni.
12. Without wisdom the sailors’ good fortune is nothing and they are paying the penalty.
Sine consilio bona fortuna nautarum est nihil et poenas dant.


SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Fortūna est caeca. (Cicero)
Fortune is blind.
2. Sī perīcula sunt vēra, īnfortūnātus es. (Terence)
If the danger is real, you are unfortunate.
3. Salvē, O amīce; vir bonus es. (Terence.)
Hello, O friend; you are a good man.
4. Nōn bella est fāma fīliī tuī. (Horace.)
Not good is your son’s reputation.
5. Errāre est hūmānum. (Seneca)
To err is human.
6. Nihil est omnīnō beātum. (Horace)
Nothing is entirely blessed.
7. Remedium īrae est mora. (Seneca.)
The cure for anger is delay.
8. Bonus Daphnis, amīcus meus, ōtium et vītam agricolae amat. (Virgil.)
My friend,

kind Daphnis, loves leisure and farmer’s life.
9. Magistrī parvīs puerīs crūstula et dōna saepe dant. (Horace)
Teachers often give cookies and gifts to small children.
10. Amīcam meam magis quam oculōs meōs amō. (Terence)
I love my friend more than my eyes.
11. Salvē, mea bella puella -- dā mihi multa bāsia, amābō tē! (Catullus)
Hello, my pretty girl – give me many kisses, please!
12. Infīnītus est numerus stultōrum. (Ecclesiastes)
The number of fools is infinite.
13. Officium mē vocat. (Persius)
Duty calls me.
14. Malī sunt in nostrō numerō et dē exitiō bonōrum virōrum cōgitant. Bonōs adiuvāte; cōnservāte populum Rōmānum. (Cicero)
Bad men are in our number and they are plotting about the destruction of good men. Help the good men; protect the Roman people.
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THE RARITY OF FRIENDSHIP
Paucī virī vērōs amīcōs habent, et paucī sunt dignī. Amīcitia vēra est praeclāra, et omnia praeclāra sunt rāra. Multī virī stultī dē pecūniā semper cōgitant, paucī dē amīcīs; sed errant; possumus valēre sine multā pecūniā, sed sine amīcitiā nōn valēmus et vīta est nihil.
Few men have true friends, and few are worthy. True friendship is remarkable, and all remarkable things are rare. Many foolish men are always thinking about money, few about friends; but they err: we can be well without much money, but without friendship we are not well and life is nothing.
Chapter 5
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. Officium līberōs virōs semper vocābat.
Duty always called free men.
2. Habēbimusne multōs virōs et fēminās magnōrum animōrum?
Will we have many men and women of great courage?
3. Perīcula bellī nōn sunt parva, sed patria tua tē vocābit et agricolae adiuvābunt.
The dangers of war are not small, but your fatherland will call you and the farmers will help [you].
4. Propter culpās malōrum patria nostra nōn valēbit.
Because of the evil men’s crimes, our country will not be strong.
5. Mora animōs nostrōs superābat et remedium nōn habēbāmus.
The delay was conquering our spirits and we did not possess the cure.
6. Multī in agrīs herī manēbant et Rōmānōs iuvābant.
Many stayed in the fields yesterday and were helping the Romans.
7. Paucī virī dē cūrā animī cōgitābant.
Few men used to think about the care of the spirit (or about the anxiety in the mind).
8. Propter īram in culpā estis et crās poenās dabitis.
Because of anger, you are in blame and tomorrow you will pay the penalty.
9. Vērum ōtium nōn habēs, vir stulte!
You do not have true leisure, foolish man!
10. Nihil est sine culpā; sumus bonī, sī paucās habēmus.
Nothing is without fault; we are good if we have few [faults].
11. Poēta amīcae multās rosās dōna pulchra, et bāsia dabat.
The poet gave the girl friend many roses, fine gifts, and kisses.
12. Will war and destruction always remain in our land?
Manebuntne semper bellum et exitium in terra nostra?
13. Does

money satisfy the greedy man?
Avarumne pecunia satiat?
14. Therefore, you (sg.) will save the reputation of our foolish boys.
Famam igitur nostrorum puerorum stultorum servabis.
15. Money and glory were conquering the soul of a good man.
Pecunia et gloria animum viri boni superabant.
?
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SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Invidiam populī Rōmānī crās nōn sustinēbis. (Cicero. -- invidia -ae 不喜欢 --sustinēre 忍耐，支撑)
You will not endure the Roman people’s dislike tomorrow.
2. Perīculumne igitur herī remanēbat? (Cicero)
Did danger therefore remain yesterday?
3. Angustus animus pecūniam amat. (Cicero. -- angustus -a -um 狭窄的，狭隘的)
A narrow mind loves money.
4. Superā animōs et īram tuam. (Ovid.)
Overcome your pride and your anger.
5. Culpa est mea, O amīcī. (Cicero)
The fault is mine, O friends.
6. Dā veniam fīliō et fīliābus nostrīs. (Terence. --venia -ae, 好感，原谅)
Give our son and daughters a pardon.
7. Propter adulēscentiam, fīliī meī, mala vītae nōn vidēbātis. (Terence)
Because of youth, my sons, you used to not see the bad things of life.
8. Amābō tē, cūrā fīliam meam. (Cicero. -- cūrāre 照顾)
Please, take care of my daughter.
9. Vīta hūmāna est supplicium. (Seneca. --supplicium -iī 惩罚)
Human life is a punishment.
10. Satisne sānus es? (Terence.)
Are you sane enough?
11. Sī quandō satis pecūniae habēbō, tum mē cōnsiliō et philosophiae dabō. (Seneca. -- pecūniae, 属格gen)
If ever I will have enough money, at that time I shall give myself to wisdom and philosophy.
12. Semper glōria et fāma tua manēbunt. (Virgil.)
Your glory and fame will always remain.
13. Vir bonus et perītus aspera verba poētārum culpābit. (Horace. -- perītus -a -um 灵巧的，熟练的)
The good and skillful man will blame the harsh words of poets.
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HIS ONLY GUEST WAS A REAL BOAR!
Nōn cēnat sine aprō noster, Tite, Caeciliānus:
bellum convīvam Caeciliānus habet!
(Martial 7.59. Epigrams -- aper aprī 野猪，猪；-- convīva -ae m <少数几个阳性第一变格名词> 餐客)
Titus, our Caecilianus does not dine without a boar:
Caecilianus has a pretty dinner-guest!
?
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THERMOPYLAE: SOLDIER'S HUMOR
“Exercitus noster est magnus,” Persicus inquit, “et propter numerum sagittārum nostrārum caelum nōn vidēbitis!” Tum Lacedaemonius respondet: “In umbrā, igitur, pugnābimus!” Et Leōnidās, rēx Lacedaemoniōrum, exclāmat: “Pugnāte cum animīs, Lacedaemoniī; hodiē apud umbrās fortasse cēnābimus!”
exercitus 军队。-- Persicus -ī 波斯人。-- inquit 说。-- sagitta -ae 箭。-- Lacedaemonius -ī 斯巴达人。-- respondēre 回答。-- umbra -ae 阴影，树荫；鬼魂。-- pugnāre 打斗，战斗。 -- rēx 国王，首领。-- exclāmāre 喊叫。-- cum + 夺格abl 跟，和。-- apud +宾格acc 在……中间。 -- fortasse 副词 也许。
"Our army is great," says the Persian, "and b

ecause of the number of our arrows you will not see the sky!" Then the Spartan replies: "Then we shall fight in the shade!" And Leonidas, king of the Spartans, exclaims: "Fight with courage, Spartans; perhaps today we shall dine among ghosts!"
Chapter 6
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. Oculī nostrī nōn valēbant; quārē agrōs bellōs vidēre nōn poterāmus.
Our eyes were not strong; by which reason we were not able to see the good fields.
2. Sine multā pecūniā et multīs dōnīs tyrannus satiāre populum Rōmānum nōn poterit.
Without much money and many gifts, the tyrant will not be able to satisfy the Roman people.
3. Nōn poterant, igitur, tē dē poenā amīcōrum tuōrum herī monēre.
Therefore, they could not warn you about your friends’ punishment yesterday.
4. Parvus numerus Graecōrum crās ibi remanēre poterit.
A small number of the Greeks will be able to stay there tomorrow.
5. Magister puerōs malōs sine morā vocābit.
The teacher will call the bad boys without delay.
6. Fīliae vestrae dē librīs magnī poētae saepe cōgitābant.
Your daughters often thought about the great poet’s books.
7. Quandō satis sapientiae habēbimus?
When shall we have enough wisdom?（literally, enough of wisdom）
8. Multī librī antīquī propter sapientiam cōnsiliumque erant magnī.
Many ancient books were great because of [their] wisdom and advice.
9. Glōria bonōrum librōrum semper manēbit.
The glory of good books will always remain.
10. Possuntne pecūnia ōtiumque cūrās vītae hūmānae superāre?
Can money and leisure overcome the anxieties of human life?
11. Therefore, we cannot always see the real vices of a tyrant.
Non possumus igitur vera vitia tyranni semper videre.
12. Few free men will be able to tolerate an absolute ruler.
Pauci liberi tyrannum tolerare poterunt.
13. Many Romans used to praise the great books of the ancient Greeks.
Multi Romani magnos Graecorum antiquorum libros [or Graecorum magnos libros antiquorum] laudabant.
14. Where can glory and (use -que) fame be perpetual?
Ubi possunt gloria famaque perpetuae esse?
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SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Dionysius tum erat tyrannus Syracūsānōrum. (Cicero.-- Dionysius -iī 希腊人名。-- Syrācūsānus -ī a syracusan.)
Dionysius was, at that time, the tyrant of the Syracusans.
2. Optāsne meam vītam fortūnamque gustāre? (Cicero. -- optāre 希望。-- gustāre 品尝)
Do you wish to taste my life and fortune?
3. Possumusne, O dī, in malīs īnsidiīs et magnō exitiō esse salvī? (Cicero.)
Can we be safe, O gods, in wicked treachery and great destruction?
4. Propter cūram meam in perpetuō perīculō nōn eritis. (Cicero.)
Because of my attention [care], you will not be in continuous danger.
5. Propter vitia tua multī tē culpant et nihil tē in patriā tuā dēlectāre nunc potest. (Cicero. -- dēlectāre 使高兴)
Because of your vices, many [men or people] blame you and nothing can delight you now in your country.
6.

Fortūna Pūnicī bellī secundī varia erat. (Livy. -- Pūnicus -a -um 古迦太基的. -- varius -a -um 多样的)
The fortune of the second Punic war was varied.
7. Patria Rōmānōrum erat plēna Graecōrum librōrum statuārumque pulchrārum. (Cicero. -- statua -ae 雕像)
The fatherland of the Romans was full of Greek books and fine statues [n. b. Graecorum modifies both librorum and stutuarum].
8. Sine dīs et deābus in caelō animus nōn potest sānus esse. (Seneca.)
Without the gods and goddesses in the sky, the spirit cannot be sound.
9. Sī animus īnfīrmus est, nōn poterit bonam fortūnam tolerāre. (Publilius Syrus. --īnfīrmus -a -um 不坚强，软弱)
If the spirit is weak, it will not be able to tolerate good fortune.
10. Ubi lēgēs valent, ibi populus līber potest valēre. (Publilius Syrus)
Where the laws are strong, the free people there can be strong.

"I DO NOT LOVE THEE, DOCTOR FELL"
Nōn amo tē, Sabidī, nec possum dīcere quārē.
Hoc tantum possum dīcere: nōn amo tē.
(*Martial 1.32; meter: elegiac couplet. amo: 在拉丁文诗歌中词尾-ō常常被缩为短音。--Sabidius -iī. --nec=et nōn. -- dīcere 说。-- hoc 这（宾格）。-- tantum 副词)
I do not love you, Sabidius, and I cannot say why.
I can only say this: I do not love you.

THE HISTORIAN LIVY LAMENTS THE DECLINE OF ROMAN MORALS
Populus Rōmānus magnōs animōs et paucās culpās habēbat. Dē officiīs nostrīs cōgitābāmus et glōriam bellī semper laudābāmus. Sed nunc multum ōtium habēmus, et multī sunt avārī. Nec vitia nostra nec remedia tolerāre possumus.
(Livy, from the preface to his history of Rome. Ab Urbe Conditā; see Introd. -- nec…nec, 连词，不是……也不是……)
The Roman people used to have great courage and few faults. We used to think about our duties and we always used to praise the glory of war. But we now have much leisure, and many are greedy. We can neither tolerate our vices nor the remedies.
Chapter 7
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. Secundās litterās discipulae herī vidēbās et de verbīs tum cōgitābās.
You saw the student’s second letter yesterday and then thought about the words.
2. Fēminae sine morā cīvitātem dē īnsidiīs et exitiō malō monēbunt.
The women will warn the state about the ambush and wicked destruction without delay.
3. Rēx et rēgīnā igitur crās nōn audēbunt ibi remanēre.
The king and queen therefore will not dare remain there tomorrow.
4. Mōrēs graecōrum nōn erant sine culpīs vitiīsque.
The Greeks’ customs were not without faults and vices.
5. Quandō hominēs satis virtūtis habēbunt?
When will men have enough virtue?
6. Corpora vestra sunt sāna et animī sunt plēnī sapientiae.
Your bodies are sound and your minds are full of wisdom.
7. Propter mōrēs hūmānōs pācem vēram nōn habēbimus.
Because of human character we shall not have true peace.
8. Poteritne cīvitās perīcula temporum nostrōrum superār

e?
Will the state be able to overcome the dangers of our times?
9. Post bellum multōs librōs dē pāce et remediīs bellī vidēbant.
After the war, they kept seeing many books about peace and the remedies for war.
10. Officia sapientiamque oculīs animī possumus vidēre.
We can see duties and wisdom with the eyes of the spirit.
11. Without sound character we cannot have peace.
Sine moribus sanis pacem habere non possumus.
12. Many students used to have small time for Greek literature.
Multi discipuli parvum tempus litteris Graecis habebant. (Greek Literature用与格dat)
13. After bad times true virtue and much labor will help the state.
Post tempora mala virtus vera et labor multus civitatem adiuvabunt.
14. The daughters of your friends were dining there yesterday.
Ibi filiae amicorum vestrorum heri cenabant.
?
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SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Homō sum. (*Terence.)
I am a man.
2. Nihil sub sōle novum (*Ecclesiastes. --sōl, sōlis m 太阳。-- novum: 省略了 est.)
Nothing beneath the sun [is] new.
3. Carmina nova dē adulēscentiā virginibus puerīsque nunc cantō. (Horace. --cantāre 唱歌)
I now sing new songs about youth for maidens and boys.
4. Laudās fortūnam et mōrēs antīquae plēbis. (*Horace. --plēbs, plēbis f 普罗大众)
You praise the fortune and character of the ancient plebs.
5. Bonī propter amōrem virtūtis peccāre ōdērunt. (Horace. --peccāre 有罪sin --ōdērunt 恨)
Good men hate to sin because of love for virtue.
6. Sub prīncipe dūrō temporibusque malīs audēs esse bonus. (Martial. --prīnceps -cipis m 领袖，王子；dūrus -a -um 困难的，艰难的)
Under a harsh prince and bad times, you dare to be good.
7. Populus stultus virīs indignīs honōrēs saepe dat. (Horace. --honor -nōris 荣誉，职位。--indignus -a -um 不值得的，不足取的)
Foolish people often give public offices to unworthy men.
8. Nōmina stultōrum in parietibus et portīs semper vidēmus. (Cicero. -- pariēs -etis m 建筑物的墙壁)
We always see the name of the foolish on the walls and gates of buildings.
9. ōtium sine litterīs mors est. (*Seneca. --mors mortis f 死亡)
Leisure without literature is death.
10. Multae nātiōnēs servitūtem tolerāre possunt; nostra cīvitās nōn potest. Praeclāra est recuperātiō lībertātis. (Cicero. --nātiō -ōnis 国家。--servitūs -tūtis 奴隶状态，惩役。--praeclārus -a -um 高贵的，非凡的。--recuperātiō -ōnis 恢复。 --lībertās -tātis 自由)
Many nations can tolerate servitude; our state cannot. Remarkable is the recovery of liberty.
11. Nihil sine magnō labōre vīta mortālibus dat. (Horace. --mortālis -tālis 凡人)
Life gives nothing to mortals without great effort.
12. Quōmodo in perpetuā pāce salvī et līberī esse poterimus? (Cicero. --quōmodo 怎么how)
How will we be able to be safe and free in perpetual peace?
13. Glōria in altissimīs Deō et in terrā pāx hominibus bonae volunt

ātis. (*Luke. --altissimus abl pl 最高的。 --voluntās -tātis 意志，意愿，决心)
Glory to God in the highest and peace to men of good will on earth.
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THE RAPE OF LUCRETIA
Tarquinius Superbus erat rēx Rōmānōrum, et Sextus Tarquinius erat fīlius malus tyrannī. Sextus Lucrētiam, uxōrem Collātīnī, rapuit, et fēmina bona, propter magnum amōrem virtūtis, sē necāvit. Rōmānī antīquī virtūtem animōsque Lucrētiae semper laudābant et Tarquiniōs culpābant.
(Livy 1.58)
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Tarquinius Superbus was a king of the Romans, and Sextus Tarquinius was the tyrant's evil son. Sextus raped Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus, and the good woman because of great love of virtue killed herself. Ancient Romans always praised the virtue and courage of Lucretia and they blamed the Tarquins.
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CATULLUS DEDICATES HIS POETRY BOOK
Cornēliō, virō magnae sapientiae, dabō pulchrum librum novum. Cornēlī, mī amīce, librōs meōs semper laudābās, et es magister doctus litterārum! Quārē habē novum labōrem meum: fāma librī (et tua fāma) erit perpetua.
(Catullus 1, prose adaptation; see L.I. 1. Catullus dedicated his first book of poems to the historian and biographer Cornelius Nepos. -- doctus -a -um 博学的，学者的)
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I will give my fine new book to Cornelius, a man of great wisdom. Cornelius, my friend, you always praised my books, and you are a learned master of literature! So have my new labor: the book's fame (and your fame) will be forever.
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Chapter 8
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. Tempora nostra nunc sunt mala; vitia nostra, magna.
Our times are now bad; our vices, great.
2. Quārē soror mea uxōrī tuae litterās scrībit (scrībet, scrībēbat)?
Why does (will, did) my sister write a letter to your wife?
3. Tyrannus populum stultum ē terrā vestrā dūcet (dūcit, dūcēbat).
The tyrant will (does, did) lead the foolish people out of your land.
4. Ubi satis ratiōnis animōrumque in hominibus erit?
When will there be enough judgment and courage in humans?
5. Cōpia vērae virtūtis multās culpās superāre poterat.
An abundance of true virtue was able to overcome many faults.
6. In līberā cīvitāte adulēscentiam agēbāmus.
In the free state, we spent our youth.
7. Rēgem malum tolerāre numquam dēbēmus.
We should never tolerate a bad king.
8. Post parvam moram multa verba dē īnsidiīs scrīptōrum stultōrum scrībēmus.
After a little delay, we shall write many words of the treachery of foolish writers.
9. The body will remain there under the ground.
Ibi corpus sub terra remanebit.
10. Write (sg. and pl.) many things about the glory of our state.
[Scribe] / [Scribite] multa de gloria civitatis nostrae.
11. Does reason always lead your (pl) queen to virtue?
Ducitne reginam vestram semper ad virtutem ratio?
12. We shall always see many Greek names there.
Multa nomina Graeca ibi semper videbimus.
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SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Frāter meus vītam in ōtiō semper age

t. (Terence.)
My brother will always spend his life in leisure.
2. Age, age! Iuvā mē! Dūc mē ad secundum fīlium meum.
Come, come! Help me! Take me to my second son.
3. O amīcī, lībertātem perdimus.
Oh friends, we are destroying liberty.
4. Nova perīcula populō Rōmānō expōnam sine morā.
I shall expose the new dangers to the Roman people without delay.
5. Numquam perīculum sine perīculō vincēmus. (Publilius Syrus.)
We shall never conquer danger without danger.
6. Ex meīs errōribus hominibus rēctum iter dēmōnstrāre possum.
From my errors, I can show the right way to people.
7. Catullus Mārcō Tulliō Cicerōnī magnās grātiās agit. (Catullus.)
Catullus gives great thanks to Marcus Tullius Cicero.
8. Eximia fōrma virginis oculōs hominum convertit.
The extraordinary beauty of a maiden attracts people’s eyes.
9. Agamemnon magnās cōpiās ē terrā Graecā ad Trōiam dūcet, ubi multōs virōs necābit. (Cicero. -- Agamemnon -nonis)
Agamemnon will lead his great troops from the Greek country to Troy, where he will kill many men.
10. Amor laudis hominēs trahit. (Cicero.)
Love of praise draws men.
11. Auctōrēs pācis Caesar cōnservābit. (Cicero. -- auctor -tōris 作者。)
Caesar will protect supporters of peace.
12. Inter multās cūrās labōrēsque carmina scrībere nōn possum.
Among many worries and labors, I cannot write poems.
13. Dum in magnā urbe dēclāmās, mī amīce, scrīptōrem trōiāni bellī in ōtiō relegō. -- Trōiānus -a -um.
While you, my friend, declaim in a large city, I reread the writer of the Trojan war in my leisure.
14. Nōn vītae, sed scholae, discimus.
We learn not for life, but for school.
15. Hominēs, dum docent, discunt. (*Seneca.)
While men teach, they learn.
16. Ratiō mē dūcet, nōn fortūna. (Livy.)
Reason will lead me, not fortune.
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CICERO ON THE ETHICS OF WAGING WAR
Cīvitās bellum sine causā bonā aut propter īram gerere nōn dēbet. Sī fortūnās et agrōs vītāsque populī nostrī sine bellō dēfendere poterimus, tum pācem cōnservāre dēbēbimus; sī, autem, nōn poterimus servāre pātriam lībertātemque nostram sine bellō, bellum erit necessārium. Semper dēbēmus dēmōnstrāre, tamen, magnum officium in bellō, et magnam clēmentiam post victōriam.
The state should not wage war without good cause or because of anger. If we will be able to defend the fortunes and farms and lives of our people without war, then we will owe it to preserve peace; if, however, we will not be able to guard fatherland and our liberty without war, war will be necessary. Nevertheless we should show great duty in war, and great mercy after victory.

chapter 9
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. Hic tōtus liber litterās Rōmānās semper laudat.
This entire book always praises Roman literature.
2. Hī igitur illīs deābus herī grātiās agēbant.
These men therefore were thanking those goddesses yesterday.
3. Illud dē vitiīs istīus

rēgīnae nunc scrībam, et ista poenās dabit.
I shall now write that about the vices of that queen, and that woman will pay the penalty.
4. Neuter alterī plēnam cōpiam pecūniae tum dabit.
Neither man will then give a full supply of money to the other.
5. Potestne laus ūllīus terrae esse perpetua?
Can the glory of any land be everlasting?
6. Labor ūnīus numquam poterit hās cōpiās vincere.
The work of one man will never overcome these troops.
7. Mōrēs istīus scrīptōris erant nimis malī.
The character of that writer was too evil.
8. Nūllī magistrī, tamen, sub istō vēra docēre audēbant.
Nevertheless, no teachers dared to teach true things under that man.
9. Valēbitne pāx in patriā nostrā post hanc victōriam?
Will peace be strong in our fatherland after this victory?
10. Dum illī ibi remanent, aliī nihil agunt, aliī discunt.
While those men remain there, some do nothing, others learn.
11. Cicero was writing about the glory of the other man and his wife.
Cicero de gloria alterius uxorisque scribebat.
12. The whole state was thanking this man’s brother alone.
Tota civitas fratri huius viri soli gratias agebat.
13. On account of that courage of yours those (men) will lead no troops into these places tomorrow.
Propter istos animos illi nullas copias in haec loca cras ducent.
14. Will either book be able to overcome the faults of these times?
Uterne liber vitia horum temporum vincere poterit?
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SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Ubi illās nunc vidēre possum? (Terence.)
Where can I now see those women?
2. Hic illam virginem in mātrimōnium dūcet. (Terence. -- mātrīmōnium -iī. 结婚)
This man will lead that virgin into matrimony.
3. Huic cōnsiliō palmam dō. (Terence. --palma -ae 代表胜利的棕榈枝)
I give the palm branch to this decision.
4. Virtūtem enim illīus virī amāmus. (Cicero.)
We truly love that man’s virtue.
5. Sōlus hunc iuvāre potes. (Terence.)
You alone can help this man.
6. Poena istīus ūnīus hunc morbum cīvitātis relevābit sed perīculum semper remanēbit. (Cicero. --relevāre 减轻，减少)
The punishment of that one man will relieve this illness of the state, but the danger will always remain.
7. Hī enim dē exitiō huius cīvitātis et tōtīus orbis terrārum cōgitant. (Cicero. --orbis orbis m 圈，环；orbis terrārum 世界)
These men truly think about the destruction of this state and of the entire world.
8. Est nūllus locus utrī hominī in hāc terrā. (Martial.)
There is no place for either man in this land.
9. Nōn sōlum ēventus hoc docet -- iste est magister stultōrum! -- sed etiam ratiō. (Livy. -- ēventus 结果，成果)
Not only does the outcome teach this – that is the teacher of fools! – but reason also (does).
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WHEN I HAVE... ENOUGH!
Habet Africānus mīliēns, tamen captat.
Fortūna multīs dat nimis, satis nūllī.
(Martial 12.10; meter: choliambic. -- Africānus -ī 人名。-- mīliēns 百万

。--captāre 争夺遗产。)
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Africanus has ‘millions’, nevertheless he hunts legacies.
Fortune give too much to many men, enough to none.
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Sī vīs studēre philosophiae animōque, hoc studium nōn potest valēre sine frūgālitāte. Haec frūgālitās est paupertās voluntāria. Tolle, igitur, istās excūsātiōnēs: “Nōndum satis pecūniae habeō. Sī quandō illud ‘satis’ habēbō, tum mē tōtum philosophiae dabō.” Incipe nunc philosophiae, nōn pecūniae, studēre.
(Seneca, Epistulae 17.5. --vīs 你希望。 --studēre +与格dat., 急切想做，投身于。--frūgālitās -tātis 节俭。)
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If you wish to study philosophy and the mind, this study cannot be strong without frugality. This frugality is a voluntary poverty. So remove those excuses of yours: “I do not yet have enough money. If ever I shall have that ‘enough’, then I shall give all myself to philosophy.” Begin to study philosophy now, not money.
Chapter 10
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. Quid discipulae hodiē discere dēbent?
What should the students learn today?
2. Frātrēs nihil cum ratiōne herī gerēbant.
The brothers were performing without a plan yesterday.
3. Ille magnam virtūtem labōris et studiī docēre saepe audet.
That man often dares to teach the great virtue of work and study.
4. Hic dē senectūte scrībēbat; ille, dē amōre; et alius, dē lībertāte.
This man wrote about old age; that man of love; and another of liberty.
5. Ex librīs ūnīus virī nātūram hārum īnsidiārum dēmōnstrābimus.
From the books of one man, we shall demonstrate the nature of this plot.
6. Istī sōlī victōriam nimis amant; neuter dē pāce cōgitat.
Those men alone love victory too much; neither thinks of peace.
7. Ubi cīvitās ūllōs virōs magnae sapientiae audiet?
When will the state listen to any men of great wisdom?
8. Ex illīs terrīs in hunc locum salvum cum amīcīs vestrīs venīte.
Come out of those countries into this safe place with your(pl.) friends.
9. Post paucās hōrās sorōrem illīus invenīre poterāmus.
After a few hours, we were able to find that man’s sister.
10. Cōpiae vestrae utrum virum ibi numquam capient.
Your troops will never capture either man there.
11. Alter Graecus remedium huius morbī inveniet.
The other Greek will find the cure for this disease.
12. Carmina illīus scrīptōris sunt plēna nōn sōlum vēritātis sed etiam virtūtis.
That writer’s poems are full not only of truth but also of virtue.
13. We shall then come to your land without any friends.
Sine amicis ad terram tuam tum veniemus.
14. While he was living, nevertheless, we were able to have no peace.
Dum vivebat tamen poteramus nullam pacem habere.
15. The whole state now shuns and will always shun these vices.
Tota civitas haec vitia nunc fugit et semper fugiet.
16. He will, therefore, thank the queen and the whole people.
Gratias igitur reginae populoque toti aget.
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SENTENTIAE ANTIQU

AE
1. Cupiditātem pecūniae glōriaeque fugite. (Cicero)
Avoid the desire for money and glory.
2. Officium meum faciam. (*Terence.)
I shall do my duty.
3. Fāma tua et vīta fīliae tuae in perīculum crās veniet. (Terence.)
Your fame and your daughter’s life will come into danger tomorrow.
4. Vīta nōn est vīvere sed vālēre. (Martial.)
Life is not living but being well.
5. Semper magnō cum timōre incipiō dīcere.
I always begin to speak with great fear.
6. Sī mē dūcēs, Mūsa, corōnam magnā cum laude capiam.
If you guide me, Muse, I shall take the wreath with great praise.
7. Vīve memor mortis; fugit hōra.
Live mindful of death; time hurries away.
8. Rapite, amīcī, occāsiōnem dē hōrā.
My friends, snatch the opportunity from the hour.
9. Paucī veniunt ad senectūtem. (*Cicero.)
Few come to old age.
10. Sed fugit, intereā, fugit tempus.
But it flees, meanwhile, time flees.
11. Fāta viam invenient.
The Fates will find a way.
12. Bonum virum nātūra, nōn ōrdō, facit.
Nature, not rank makes a good man.
13. Obsequium parit amīcōs; vēritās parit odium.
Compliance produces friends; truth produces hatred.
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THE INCOMPARABLE VALUE OF FRIENDSHIP
Nihil cum amīcitiā possum comparāre; dī hominibus nihil melius dant. Pecūniam aliī mālunt; aliī, corpora sāna; aliī, fāmam glōriamque; aliī, voluptātēs -- sed hī virī nimium errant, quoniam illa sunt incerta et ex fortūnā veniunt, nōn ex sapientiā. Amīcitia enim ex sapientiā et amōre et mōribus bonīs et virtūte venit; sine virtūte amīcitia nōn potest esse. Sī nūllōs amīcōs habēs, habēs vītam tyrannī; sī inveniēs amīcum vērum, vīta tua erit beāta.
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I can compare nothing with friendship; the gods give nothing better to men. Some prefer money; others, sound bodies; others, fame and glory; others, pleasures – but these men err too much, since those things are unsure and come out of luck, not out of wisdom. Friendship truly comes from wisdom and love and good character and virtue; without virtue friendship cannot be. If you have no friends, you have a tyrant's life; if you will find a true friend, your life will be happy.
Chapter 11
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. Eum ad eam cum aliō agricolā herī mittēbant.
They sent him to her with the other farmer yesterday.
2. Tū autem fīliam beātam eius nunc amās.
You, however, now love his happy daughter.
3. Propter amīcitiam, ego hoc faciō. Quid tū faciēs, mī amīce?
Because of friendship, I do this. What will you do, my friend?
4. Vōsne eāsdem litterās ad eum mittere crās audēbitis?
Will you dare to send the same letter to him tomorrow?
5. Dūc mē ad eius discipulam (ad eam discipulam), amābō tē.
Lead me to his student (to that student), please.
6. Post laborem eius grātiās magnās eī agēmus.
After his great labor, we shall give him great thanks.
7. Tūne vēritātem in eō librō dēmōnstrās?
Do you show truth in this bo

ok?
8. Audē, igitur, esse semper īdem.
Therefore, dare to always be the same.
9. Venitne nātūra mōrum nostrōrum ex nōbīs sōlīs?
Does the nature of our character come from us alone?
10. Dum ratiō nōs dūcet, valēbimus et multa bene gerēmus.
While reason will lead us, we shall be strong and accomplish many things well.
11. Illum timōrem in hōc virō ūnō invenīmus.
We find that fear in this man alone.
12. Sine labōre autem nūlla pāx in cīvitātem eōrum veniet.
Without labor, however, no peace will come into their state.
13. Studium nōn sōlum pecūniae sed etiam voluptātis hominēs nimium trahit; aliī eās cupiditātēs vincere possunt, aliī nōn possunt.
Eagerness not only for money but also for pleasure drags humans (around) too much; somecan ove rcome these desires, others cannot.
14. His life was always dear to the whole people.
Vita eius populo toti semper erat cara.
15. You will often find them and their friends with me in this place.
Eas et amicos earum in hoc loco mecum saepe invenies.
16. We, however, shall now capture their forces on this road.
Nos autem copias eorum in ea via nunc capiemus.
17. Since I was saying the same things to him about you and his other sisters, your brother was not listening.
Quoniam eadem de te et aliis eius sororibus ei dicebam, frater tuus non audiebat.
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SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Virtūs tua mē amīcum tibi facit. (Horace.)
Your virtue makes me friendly to you.
2. Id sōlum est cārum mihi.
It alone is precious to me.
3. Sī valēs, bene est; ego valeō. (Pliny. -- bene est, it is well.)
If you healthy, that is well; I am healthy.
4. Bene est mihi quod tibi bene est.
What is well for you is well for me.
5. “Valē.” “Et tū bene valē.” (Terence.)
“Good-bye.” “And you good-bye (well).”
6. Quid hī dē tē nunc sentiunt? (Cicero.)
What do these men now think of you?
7. Omnēs idem sentiunt.
Everyone thinks the same thing.
8. Videō nēminem ex eīs hodiē esse amīcum tibi.
I see that none of them is a friend of you today.
9. Hominēs vidēre caput Cicerōnis in Rōstrīs poterant.
The men were able to see Cicero’s head on the Rostrum.
10. Nōn omnēs eadem amant aut eāsdem cupiditātēs studiaque habent. (Horace.)
Not all men love the same things or have the same desires and pursuits.
11. Nec tēcum possum vīvere nec sine tē.
I can live neither with you nor without you.
12. Vērus amīcus est alter īdem. (Cicero. -- alter īdem: a second self)
A true friend is a “second self.”
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CICERO DENOUNCES CATILINE IN THE SENATE
Quid facis, Catilīna? Quid cōgitās? Sentīmus magna vitia īnsidiāsque tuās. O tempora! O mōrēs! Senātus haec intellegit, cōnsul videt. Hic tamen vīvit. Vīvit? Etiam in senātum venit; etiam nunc cōnsilia agere audet; oculīs dēsignat ad mortem nōs! Et nōs, bonī virī, nihil facimus! Ad mortem tē, Catilīna, cōnsul et senātus dūcere dēbent. Cōnsilium h

abēmus et agere dēbēmus; sī nunc nōn agimus, nōs, nōs -- apertē dīcō-- errāmus! Fuge nunc, Catilīna, et dūc tēcum amīcōs tuōs. Nōbīscum remanēre nōn potes; nōn tē, nōn istōs, nōn cōnsilia vestra tolerābō!

What are you doing, Catiline? What are you thinking? We feel your great vices and treachery. O the times! O the customs! (What a time! What a custom!)The senate understands these, the consul sees. This man lives nevertheless. He lives? Even into the senate he comes; even now he dares to lead judgments; with his eyes he designates us to death! And we, good men, we do nothing! The consul and senate should lead you to death, Catiline! We have a decision and we must act; if we do not act now, we, we – I openly say – we are wrong! Flee now, Catiline, and take with you your friends. You can not remain with us; not you, not them, not your judgments will I tolerate!
Chapter 12
PRACTICE AND REVIEW
1. Vōs nōbīs dē voluptātibus adūlēscentiae tum scrīpsistis.
You(pl.) then wrote to us about the pleasures of youth.
2. Ratiōnēs alterīus fīliae herī nōn fuērunt eaedem.
The other daughter’s reasons yesterday were not the same.
3. Nēmō in hanc viam ex utrā portā fūgerat.
No one had fled into this street from the other gate.
4. Illī autem ad nōs cum medicā eius nūper vēnērunt.
But those men came to us recently with his doctor.
5. Illī adulēscentēs ad nōs propter amīcitiam saepe veniēbant.
Those youths used to come to us often on account of friendship.
6. Eundem timōrem in istō cōnsule sēnsimus.
We sensed the same fear in that consul.
7. Post paucās hōrās Caesar Asiam cēpit.
After a few hours, Caesar captured Asia.
8. Illa fēmina beāta sōla magnam cupiditātem pācis sēnsit.
That blessed woman alone has felt a great longing for peace.
9. Potuistisne bonam vītam sine ūllā lībertāte agere?
Have you(pl.) been able to lead a good life without any liberty?
10. Vēritās igitur fuit tōtī populō cāra.
Therefore truth was dear to the entire populace.
11. Neuter medicus nōmen patris audīverat.
Neither doctor had heard the father’s name.
12. That friendly queen did not remain there a long time.
Regina illa amica ibi non diu remansit.
13. Our mothers had not understood the nature of that place.
Matres nostrae naturam illius loci non intellexerant.
14. However, we had found no fault in the head of our country.
Nullam autem culpam in patriae capite nostrae inveneramus.
15. They kept sending her to him with me.
Eam mecum ad illum mittebant.
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SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. In prīncipiō Deus creāvit caelum et terram; et Deus creāvit hominem. (Genesis)
In the beginning, God created the sky and the earth; and God created man.
2. In triumphō Caesar praetulit hunc titulum: “Vēnī, vīdī, vīcī.”
In the triumph, Caesar displayed this placard: “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
3. Vīxit, dum vīxit, bene. (*Terence)
He lived well, while h

e lived.
4. Adulēscēns vult diū vīvere; senex diū vīxit.
A young man wishes to live long; an old man has lived long.
5. Nōn ille diū vīxit, sed diū fuit. (*Seneca.)
That man has not lived for a long time, but he has been for a long time.
6. Hui, dīxistī pulchrē.
Hurray, you(sg.) have spoken finely!
7. Sophoclēs ad summam senectūtem tragoediās fēcit.
Sophocles made tragedies to extreme old age.
8. Illī nōn sōlum pecūniam sed etiam vītam prō patriā prōfūdērunt. (Cicero. -- prōfundō -ere -fūdī -fūsum to pour forth.流出)
They poured forth not only money but also their life for the fatherland.
9. Rēgēs Rōmam ā prīncipiō habuērunt; lībertātem Lūcius Brūtus Rōmānīs dedit. (Tacitus. -- ā+abl. from. 从……，来自……)
Kings held Rome from the beginning; Lucius Brutus gave freedom to the Romans.
10. Sub Caesare autem lībertātem perdidimus. (Laberius. -- perdō -ere -didī -ditum to destroy, lose.破坏，失去。)
However, we lost our freedom under Caesar.
11. Quandō lībertās ceciderit, nēmō līberē dīcere audēbit. (Publilius Syrus.)
When liberty will have fallen, no one will dare to speak freely.
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PLINY WRITES TO MARCELLINUS ABOUT THE DEATH OF FUNDANUS' DAUGHTER
Salvē, Marcellīne! Haec tibi scrībō dē Fundānō, amīcō nostrō; is fīliam cāram et bellam āmīsit. Illa puella nōn XIII annōs vīxerat, sed nātūra eī multam sapientiam dederat. Mātrem patremque, frātrem sorōremque, nōs et aliōs amīcōs, magistrōs magistrāsque semper amābat, et nōs eam amābāmus laudābāmusque. Medicī eam adiuvāre nōn poterant. Quoniam illa autem magnōs animōs habuit, morbum nimis malum cum patientiā tolerāvit. Nunc, mī amīce, mitte Fundānō nostrō litterās dē fortūnā acerbā fīliae eius. Valē.

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Hello, Marcelllinus! I write these to you concerning Fundanus, our friend; he has lost his dear and pretty daughter. That girl had not lived for 13 years, but nature had given her much wisdom. She always loved her mother and father, her brother and sister, us and other friends, and her teacher; and we used to love and praise her. The doctors were not able to help her. But since that girl had great courage, she tolerated an illness too evil with patience. Now, my friend, send our Fundanus a letter about his daughter's bitter fortune. Good-bye.
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DIAULUS STILL BURIES HIS CLIENTS
Nūper erat medicus, nunc est vespillō Diaulus.
Quod vespillō facit, fēcerat et medicus.
(*Martial 1.47; meter: elegiac couplet. -- vespillō -lōnis m 掘墓人，埋葬尸体的人。-- Diaulus的名字放在最后表悬念。-- quod 什么。 --et=etiam而且，甚至)
Recently he was a doctor, now Diaulus is an undertaker.
What he does as undertaker, he had done even as doctor.
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