特殊的虚拟语气词：should

特殊的虚拟语气词：should特殊的虚拟语气词：should1）it is demanded / necessary / a pity + that 结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。

句型：

(1)suggested

it is (2)important that + (should) do

(3) a pity

(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted；+ (should) do

(2)important, necessary, natural, strange

a pity, a shame, no wonder

(3)it is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

it is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.

2）在宾语从句中的应用

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do

i suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

he insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

注意：如suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

the guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.

判断改错:

（错）you pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

(对) your pale face suggests that you are ill.

(错) i insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

(对) i insisted that you were wrong.

3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

my idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

i make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

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Mercy! 惊奇 Mercy me! 惊奇 My! 惊奇，羡慕 My,my! 惊奇 My goodness! 惊奇，害怕 My word! 惊奇 Oh! 惊奇，诧异，害怕，疼痛 Oh, boy! 激动，惊奇，惊喜（男女都可说）Oh, dear! 惊奇 Oh,my! 惊奇，羡慕 Oh, no! 害怕，惊奇，失望 Oho! 惊奇 Oh-oh! 遇到不顺心的事 Ouch 疼痛 Ow! 疼痛 Oh, well! 无可奈何 Psst! 唤起注意 Say! 唤起注意，或想起什么 Shit! 愤怒，厌恶，沮丧 Thank God! 宽慰，感谢 Thank goodness! 感谢 Tsk-tsk! 不赞同 Tut-tut! 不满，不耐烦 Ugh! 厌恶 Unbelievable! 惊讶 Watch it! 警告 Watch out! 警告 Well! 惊奇，宽慰 Well, I never! 惊奇，愤怒 Well,well! 惊奇 Whew! 如释重负 Whoopee! 高兴 Whoop! 欣喜，兴奋，或因手脚笨拙而感到尴尬Wow! 诧异，惊讶，羡慕，快乐 Yuck 厌恶

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①与现在事实相反 If I had time, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不可能是你。) I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上现虚拟语气专项练习 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4.If you asked your father, you ______________ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get

虚拟语气的特殊用法

虚拟语气的特殊用法江苏省郑集高级中学李博雅一．在动词suggest(提议,提出,建议), advise(劝告,忠告), order(命令,下令,吩咐), demand(要求), propose(提议), require(要求), insist(坚持, 坚决主张), command(命令), request(请求, 恳求), desire(请求), prefer(提出)等动词后的宾语从句的谓语，这些词的过去分词作表语时主语从句的谓语，以及这些词的名词同位语从句、作主语时的表语从句的谓语常用“should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气, should可以省略。如： 1. The man demanded that Tom (should) apologize. 2. He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting. 3. I requested that he (should) use his influence on my behalf. 4. The general ordered the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（宾语从句） = The general’s order was that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（表语从句） = It was ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（主语从句） = The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（同位语从句） 5. I suggest that he (should) be careful.（宾语从句） = My suggestion is that he (should) be careful.（表语从句） = It is suggested that he (should) be careful.（主语从句） = I gave him the suggestion that he (should) be careful.（同位语从句）二．在动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，现在或将来的动作用过去式(常含有情态动词could或would)；过去的动作用过去完成式。wish用过去式，从句中与wished同时发生的动作或在将来发生的动作仍用过去式(也常含有情态动词could或would)；在wished 之前发生的动作用过去完成式。如： 1. How I wish I could fly to the moon. 2. He wishes I had come yesterday. 3. I wished he could come to give me a hand. 4. We wished he had received the news two days earlier. 三．在以in order that, so that 引导的状语从句中，谓语常用“may, might, can, could, will, would, should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。有时也可用“should + 动词原形”，特别是从句为否定结构。如： 1. The teacher spoke slowly so that the students could / might hear clearly. 2. What is needed in order that electrical charges may move? 3. She stood away so that I should enter first. 4. I got up early so that I should not miss the train. 四．在had better表示建议或劝告时，其后的从句谓语用过去式构成的虚拟语气。如： I had better you came yesterday. 五．在“It is (high / about) time that-clause.”句型中，从句的谓语常用过去式或should加动词原形构成的虚拟语气。如：

Should型虚拟语气练习题

Should型虚拟语气练习题 1. 用于if引导的虚拟条件句中在表示与现在或将来事实相反的非真实条件句中，谓语动词形式可用“should + do”。如：If she should refuse, they could be greatly disappointed. 【考例】This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. （2009年，天津） A. would B. should C. could D. might 2. 用于省略if的倒装句中如果条件状语从句的谓语动词中含有should，可以省略连词if，而把should放在主语前构成倒装。如： Should he fail in the examination, he would have to wait for another year. 【考例】______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006年，湖北) A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 3. 用于主语从句中在“It is ＋形容词／某些动词的过去分词＋that从句”的结构中，从句的谓语动词用“（should）+ do ”虚拟语气形式来表示命令、要求和建议。这些形容词和过去分词常见的有important（重要的）、essential（必要的）、necessary（必须的）、natural（自然的）、decided（决定的）、ordered（命令的）、demanded（要求的）、proposed（建议的）、required （要求的）等。如： It is necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. 【考例】It is essential that all these figures ________ twice. (2008年，四川联考) A. check B. checked C. are checked D. be checked 4. 用于宾语从句中表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常采用“（should）+ do”的形式。这类动词包括advise（劝告），ask（要求），insist（坚持），order（下令），suggest（建议），command（命令），demand（要求），require（要求）等。 He insisted that a deadline (should) be set for completing the task. 【考例】The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.（2009年，浙江） A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【疑难辨析】动词insist如不表示要求，而表示“坚持己见”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。同样，当suggest所表示的意思为“表明”或“暗示”时，谓语动词也不采用“should + do”的形式。如：Jane insisted that she had done nothing wrong and that she should be treated properly. The surprised look on his face suggested that he did not believe the fact.

虚拟语气(含答案)

实验中学2014届高三英语语法专项复习------虚拟语气虚拟语气的概念---虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实现的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。虚拟语气的特点：１．虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念。２．虚拟语气常由一个表示条件的从句和一个主句构成。３．由于虚拟语气中条件从句中的条件是与客观事实相反，因此其主句的结论也只能是想象的，非真实的。４．虚拟语气的特点决定了它句中动词形式的使用与真实句中的动词形式的是不同的。含if条件句的虚拟语气按时间的不同，分成以下三种形式：1）与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。 2）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 3）与将来事实相反的虚拟语气一．在不同时间下，含if条件句的虚拟语气的3种形式：与现在事实相反 were might if+主语+ 过去式动词would ，主语+ could + V should 与过去事实相反 might would + have + 过去分词If +主语+had +过去分词, 主语+ could Should 与将来事实相反 were might if + 主语+ were to +v 主语+ would + V should + v. could 注：１.虚拟语气中助动词be的过去时(无论句子的主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数)一律用were，不用was。２.含if条件句的虚拟语气句子中，如果“if”从句中含有“were, had ”或“should ”时，则可省略连词“if ”，而把“were, had ”或“should”移至主语之前，构成倒装句。 1.与现在事实相反１）If I had a car, I should be very happy. =Had I a car, I should be very happy.(将had提到句首，再将if省略，构成倒装句)

(完整版)if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气

if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his ol d friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能

够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 4、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。

虚词语气词

古代汉语虚词语气词定义：语气是人们说话时的口气，是说话人对所说的事物表现态度、情绪。有提顿、直陈、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气。印欧语语气是通过谓语动词的曲折变化和句子的语调来表示的。汉语语气是通过词汇形式、句子类型、语调和语气词来表达的。用来表示语气的词语就是语气词。分类： 1 ﹑按照语气词在句中的位置和作用，可分为：（1 ）句首语气词有：“夫、盖、维、惟、唯”。（ 2 ）句中语气词有：“盖、也、与”（ 3 ）句尾语气词有：“也、乎、哉、矣、已、耳、焉、与（欤）、邪、夫、兮”等。 2 ﹑按照语气作用，可分为（1 ）用来表示陈述、判断、因果假设复句句末，表示肯定、否定、解释的语气词：“也、矣、已、耳、焉”（2 ）用在是非问、选择问、揣测问、反诘问等疑问语气句中，表示疑问的语气词有“乎、与（欤）、邪、哉”（ 3 ）用在感叹句、祈使句中，表示感叹、商量、命令、请求等的语气词有“也、哉、夫、兮”。二、句尾语气词： 1 、“也”：表静态，通常用在判断句尾表确认肯定的判断语气。用在陈述、祈使、疑问句尾时，都表论断、确认语气。并不是在判断语气之外，又表示陈述、祈使、疑问语气。用在复句中后一分句的末尾，是表示对这一分句的确认语气。必自为而后用之，是率天下而路也。《孟子·许行》虽杀臣，不能绝也。《墨子·公输》 2、矣：“矣”字也是古代汉语常用的一个语气词，它和“也”的区别是：“也”字表静态，“矣”字表动态。“也”字的基本作用是把对事物进行的判断告诉别人，现代汉语语气词“了”的作用大致和它相当。 “矣”有时候还可以表示将然，即预料将要发生某些情况，把它当作新情况告诉别人。例如：有吴则无越，有越则无吴矣。《国语·句践减吴》吾属今为之虏矣。《史记·鸿门宴》 “矣”字用于描写句时，往往使全句语气略带感叹意味。有时把这种带“矣”的谓语提前，这种感叹语气就更为明显。例如：

虚拟语气的规则总结(word版)

虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。一、if从句：（二）错综时间的虚拟句：通常情况下,在条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一致, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。 3. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. （从句指过去，主句指现在）。 4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。 5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）（三）省略：If 从句中含有were, should, had时，可省略if并把were, should, had提前。例如：Were I you, I wouldn’t quarrel with him. 备注：注：would, should, could与might的选择： ①一般常用would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用will一样。常译作“将、就会”。如： If I knew him, I would ask him for help. 如果我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。 ②should在虚拟条件句中用得最少，现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用shall，所以在虚拟语气中，理论上讲，第一人称后也可用should。但在现代英语中，特别是美语中，人们常说：I’ll go home.或I will go home. 但很少人说I shall go home. 因此，在虚拟条件句中，should也很少用。 ③could用于虚拟条件句中时，有“能够，可能”之意。如： If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself. 如果你回来得再稍早一点，你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。 ④might用于虚拟条件句时，常译作“或许”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如： If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him. 如果我当时在场的话，我或许会和他吵起来。二、（should）do （should可以省略）形式的虚拟：宾语、表语、同位语都要求虚拟（一）一坚持（insist）一推荐（recommend）三命令(order, command, direct) 三建议(suggest, advice, propose) 五要求（demand, require, request, urge, ask）